Deck 16: Parents and Social Policy

Question 1

Recently in ______, a government intervention was implemented to reduce health problems associated with obesity. The national law that went into effect in 2008 requires annual waistline measurements of all adults between the ages of 40 and 74 years.

A) Taiwan
B) China
C) Japan
D) Thailand

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Sociologist Popenoe identified all but which of the following social trends as having negative effects on the family?

A) the increase in unwed mothers
B) the increase in working mothers of young children
C) the decrease in church attendance
D) the decrease in number of children born

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Children left unsupervised after-school, "latch key" or "self-care" children are more likely to do all but which of the following?

A) experience emotional problems
B) have relationship problems
C) develop hobbies
D) experiment with drugs

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following is the most important factor associated with educational failure, teenage pregnancy, emotional and substance abuse, violence, and unemployment?

A) the economy
B) the peer group
C) parenting practices
D) community values

Question 5

Which of the following social changes best accounts for the lower rate of childbirth rate in the United States?

A) decreased number of fertile men
B) increased number of sexual partners
C) reduced stigma of childlessness
D) increased dislike of children

Question 6

Results from two meta-analyses of research into the efficacy of after-school programs ______.

A) indicate that after-school programs have no effect on children's academic, social, and behavioral outcomes
B) document increased competition and aggression in children who attend after-school programs
C) indicate that self-care children benefit from the increased screen time available to them when caregivers are still at work
D) document benefits in the areas of academics, social development, and behavior for children who attend after-school programs

Question 7

It is estimated that "deadbeat" dads owe almost ______ in child support payments.

A) $51 million
B) $105 million
C) $33 billion
D) $51 billion

Question 8

Key indicators of children's well-being, according to the Annie E. Casey Foundation include all EXCEPT ______.

A) number of low-birth-weight babies
B) children living in a single-parent household
C) children without health insurance
D) children in poverty

Question 9

Pregnant adolescents who do not receive prenatal care ______.

A) are 3 times more likely than those who do receive prenatal care to give birth to a premature infant
B) less likely than those who do receive prenatal care to give birth to a premature infant
C) have a 50/50 chance of having lower overall medical costs compared to those who do receive prenatal care
D) are as likely as those who do receive prenatal care to give birth to a premature infant

Question 10

Which of the following statements best describes the costs of educational failure?

A) The only real cost is for the individual's lower income potential.
B) The costs are high for the individual.
C) The costs are high for the individual and for their offspring.
D) The costs are high for the individual, their offspring, and for the entire society.

Question 11

The costs associated with a maltreated child include physical and mental health problems, pain and trauma, and ______.

A) dependence on parents
B) extra need for employment
C) fewer healthy offspring
D) lost productivity

Question 12

Emperor Augustus of Rome (ruling from 30 BCE to CE 14) ______.

A) outlawed infanticide
B) fined childless couples to encourage larger families
C) guaranteed parental leave with pay after the birth of a child
D) established the first social insurance program for those unable to work

Question 13

In 1870, Otto von Bismarck ______.

A) outlawed infanticide
B) fined childless couples to encourage larger families
C) guaranteed parental leave with pay after the birth of a child
D) established the first social insurance program for those unable to work

Question 14

The relatively high rate of infant mortality in the United States, compared to other industrialized nations, is likely attributable to ______.

A) the failure to require all parents to get parenting licenses
B) the failure to inform pregnant women about teratogens
C) the failure to provide medical care and financial assistance to all pregnant women
D) none of these; the U.S. infant mortality rate has no relation to government policies

Question 15

Among the 42 member countries of the European Union and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, only ______ does not provide a guaranteed maternal leave with income.

A) the United States
B) Denmark
C) the United Kingdom
D) Algeria

Question 16

The doctrine of parens patriae has been around since colonial days. It states that ______.

A) parents, alone, are responsible for every child
B) the state is the ultimate parent of every child
C) the state is responsible for providing education to every child
D) the family should petition the state in the cases of need

Question 17

Mary Ellen Wilson was important because ______.

A) she drew the public's attention to the problem of children living in poverty
B) she drew the public's attention to the problem of homelessness
C) she drew the public's attention to the problem of poor quality education
D) she drew the public's attention to the problem of child maltreatment

Question 18

The ______, which was established in the 1890s, was the first child protection agency in the United States.

A) Children's Aid Society
B) Boys Town
C) New York Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children
D) Young Men's Christian Association

Question 19

The ______ regulated the type and amount of work that could be required of a child.

A) Keating-Owen Bill of 1916
B) Sheppard-Towner Maternal and Infancy Protection Act of 1922
C) The Social Security Act of 1935
D) Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938

Question 20

The ______ created community clinics for maternal and infant hygiene in an effort to establish preventive health-care habits.

A) Keating-Owen Bill of 1916
B) Sheppard-Towner Maternal and Infancy Protection Act of 1922
C) The Social Security Act of 1935
D) Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938

Question 21

The ______ created the Aid to Dependent Children (ADC) program, which then became Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC).

A) Keating-Owen Bill of 1916
B) Sheppard-Towner Maternal and Infancy Protection Act of 1922
C) The Social Security Act of 1935
D) Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938

Question 22

The ______ prohibited employment of children less than 16 years old in industries that engaged in interstate commerce and children less than 18 years old from dangerous occupations.

A) Keating-Owen Bill of 1916
B) Sheppard-Towner Maternal and Infancy Protection Act of 1922
C) The Social Security Act of 1935
D) Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938

Question 23

The United States the only country that has not ratified the 1989 Convention on the Rights of the Child. One source of the resistance is that some individuals fear ratification will result in parents ______.

A) being forced to punish their children for missing school
B) losing the right to educate their children
C) being forced to register their children in an international registry
D) losing the ability to spank their children

Question 24

Established in 1972, ______ is a supplemental nutritional program which provides vouchers for high-protein foods, nutrition education, and child health checkups.

A) Women, Infants, and Children (WIC)
B) Project Head Start
C) Eat Right
D) Fast Track

Question 25

______ provides one-to-one adult-child relationships for 3 million youth a year.

A) Women, Infants, and Children (WIC)
B) Project Head Start
C) Big Brothers, Big Sisters
D) Fast Track

Question 26

One multilevel program, ______, was designed for high-risk families with children 2-5 years old. Program objectives focus on children's developmental attainments and parenting practices.

A) Women, Infants, and Children (WIC)
B) Project Head Start
C) Big Brothers, Big Sisters
D) Dare to Be You

Question 27

Which of the following statements best describes Project Head Start?

A) It is a year-round educational program preparing low-income children for school entry.
B) It is a summer-only program preparing low-income children for school entry.
C) It serves infants and toddlers under the age of 3 years.
D) There are now enough centers to meet the needs of all low-income children.

Question 28

Babycenter.com, Parenting247, and Fatherly are examples of ______.

A) home visitation programs
B) parenting information websites
C) intervention programs
D) parent training programs

Question 29

Primary prevention refers to ______.

A) preventing problems during the primary school years
B) preventing problems before they emerge
C) preventing the most serious problems
D) preventing problems at their source

Question 30

Secondary prevention efforts ______.

A) are interventions designed to fix a problem after early diagnosis
B) are interventions designed to fix a problem after the initial intervention failed
C) are the second efforts of prevention programs
D) are supplemental prevention programs

Question 31

Which of the following is not a home visitation program?

A) Healthy Families America
B) Healthy Start
C) Triple P--Positive Parenting Program
D) Nurse-Family Partnership

Question 32

Addressing problems from an ecological perspective means ______.

A) focusing on the landscape of the problem
B) investigating the details of the problem
C) examining how the family interacts with the environment at multiple levels
D) studying the biological aspects of the problem

Question 33

The ______ is a service strategy designed to identify families in need and then address those needs. The Nurse-Family Partnership Program is an example.

A) nurse visit
B) case visit
C) home visit
D) site visit

Question 34

How effective are programs that teach relationship skills to couples?

A) Some programs show modest benefits.
B) Some programs have dramatic, positive effects.
C) Some programs have inadvertent negative effects.
D) Some programs impact the wife differently from the husband.

Question 35

The largest effect sizes indicating change are found in what domain of parenting?

A) actual parent behavior
B) parent cognitions (nonbehavioral)
C) parental perceptions of behavior
D) parental perceptions of cognitions (e.g., punishments)

Question 36

Proposals that seek to change ______ hold considerable promise for improving the quality of life for many parents and children nationwide.

A) a region's education needs
B) an individual's education needs
C) a local community's education needs
D) the nature of public schools

Question 37

Which state is described in the text as providing $1 billion to transform its schools into Community Learning Centers?

A) Michigan
B) Missouri
C) Massachusetts
D) Mississippi

Question 38

What is the status of China's "One Child" policy?

A) It was terminated but has resumed.
B) It is still in effect.
C) It has been temporarily suspected.
D) It was replaced in 2015 with a "Two Child" policy.

Question 39

Which of the following statements is TRUE about programs designed to improve parenting by paying cash to parents?

A) It was first developed in Canada.
B) It has been tested in 50 countries.
C) It has not been tested in the United States.
D) It is intended to encourage poor parents to become more involved in their children's health and education.

Question 40

Some countries are now concerned about declining fertility rates. Which of the following is NOT an incentive described in the text?

A) paying a mother when she has a child
B) providing mothers generous paid leave from work
C) providing free education until the child is 18 years old
D) receiving an annual payment until the child is 18 years old

Question 41

In 1979, Sweden enacted a law that completely prohibits the use of corporal punishment. The legislation was an effort to ______.

A) criminalize the parents who were still hitting their children
B) change parental attitudes about using physical forms of discipline
C) embarrass parents who were not creative enough to use more thoughtful discipline strategies
D) frighten parents into only using physical forms of discipline behind closed doors

Question 42

Sheila is an African American middle school student. Which of the following statements is LEAST likely to be true about her likelihood to be physically punished at school?

A) She is more likely to be paddled than a European American student.
B) She is more likely to be paddled if she lives in Texas than if she lives in New Jersey.
C) She is more likely to be paddled than a student who lives in over 100 other countries.
D) She has an equal likelihood of being paddled as any other student in her school.

Question 43

Which of the following statements is correct about the status of corporal punishment in the United States?

A) It has been banned in all public schools.
B) It has been banned in homes.
C) The percent of parents using corporal punishment is declining.
D) The percent of parents using corporal punishment has not changed in decades.

Question 44

What region of the world has the most proportion of countries that have banned corporal punishment?

A) Europe
B) Africa
C) South America
D) Asia.

Question 45

Which of the following statements best describes what some psychologists believe about parent responsibility laws?

A) They believe the laws are not fair because parents have limited control over some of the powerful influences on adolescent development (e.g., peers).
B) They believe the laws are fair because parents of delinquent adolescents have clearly not done their job.
C) They believe the laws are misguided because they focus on remediation rather than punishment.
D) They believe the laws are fair because parents of delinquents were aware of their child's behaviors and took no action.

Question 46

What was NOT included in Westerman's original proposal to license parents?

A) The parent must be at least 18 years old.
B) The parent must sign an agreement to care and nurture the child.
C) The parent must pass a simple test demonstrating some childcare abilities.
D) The parent agrees to take a parenting course (though this was optional).

Question 47

What is a primary objection in the United States about the concept of licensing parents?

A) It is too difficult to police.
B) It infringes on an individual's rights.
C) It would be too costly to implement.
D) It would be problematic if parents were criminalized.

Question 48

Westerman developed a plan to license parents prior to raising children. According to his plan, if an unmarried 16-year-old found out she was pregnant ______.

A) she would be forced to terminate her pregnancy
B) she would need to procure a license before the birth of her child
C) she would go through her pregnancy knowing that her newborn would be removed from her care and put up for adoption
D) she would be required to marry immediately and petition for a license from family court

Question 49

Childcare workers in the United States, compared with school teachers, ______.

A) have lower salaries than teachers
B) have similar salaries as teachers
C) have higher salaries than teachers
D) have much higher salaries than teachers

Question 50

Educational failure means when a child is held back a grade.

Question 51

Orphanages are an example of parens patriae.

Question 52

The birth rate in the United States is currently approximately half of what it was in the late 1950s.

Question 53

College graduates have an annual income, on average, that is about twice as much as high school graduates.

Question 54

The United States spends less than $400 billion on children's welfare.

Question 55

The latest research indicates the $30-million work gap experienced by poor children is an underestimate.

Question 56

Every country has ratified the Convention on Rights of the Child.

Question 57

The cost-benefit analysis of prevention programs, such as Project Head Start, reveals they are money well spent.

Question 58

Child advocates are those who promote the rights of children.

Question 59

A majority of countries in the world have now banned corporal punishment.

Question 60

Discuss the five major family problems that result in high costs to our society. Give two examples of how a preventive or intervention policies could help to solve these problems.

Question 61

List four negative outcomes for educational failure.

Question 62

What is an advocate and list the focus of four different advocacy groups.

Question 63

Briefly describe how parenting intervention programs have responded to the ecological perspective.

Question 64

Identify three controversial social policy ideas described in the text. Which of those do you think is most promising for improving the lives of children and parents? Why?