Deck 10: Parenting Adolescents and Emerging Adults

Question 1

The primary task for the adolescent is ______, a process by which the individual manages the transition between childhood and adulthood.

A) hormone regulation
B) identity formation
C) self-actualization
D) personality formation

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Menarche, the onset of menstruation, typically occurs at about ______ years.

A) 11
B) 13
C) 14
D) 15

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Gina and John are fraternal twins. Which of the following statements best describes the likely timing of puberty for these siblings?

A) Gina will go through puberty about 2 years ahead of her brother.
B) Gina and John will reach puberty within only a few months of each other.
C) John will experience puberty about a year before his sister.
D) Gina will go through puberty as many as 3 years ahead of her brother.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Belsky, Steinberg, and Draper (1991) provided an evolution-based theory to explain early pubertal development in girls. They theorized that factors related to ______ influenced the onset of puberty.

A) attractiveness
B) leadership qualities
C) home environment
D) physical strength

Question 5

Additional myelination of the prefrontal cortex and parietal lobe during adolescence is thought to underlie increases in ______, the capacity to control and coordinate our thoughts and behavior.

A) executive operation
B) cognitive control
C) expressive language
D) executive function

Question 6

An adolescent's ______ results in a heightened sense of self-consciousness.

A) egocentrism
B) identity crisis
C) personal fable
D) distinctiveness

Question 7

By the time adolescence arrives, teens may spend about ______ a day using electronic devices, much of it in communication with peers.

A) 10 hr
B) 7.5 hr
C) 3.75 hr
D) 2.5 hr

Question 8

A systematic review of the literature found that the rate of children's conflicts with parents decline significantly during ______.

A) toddlerhood (age 1-3 years)
B) early middle childhood (age 5-9 years)
C) pre-adolescence (age 10-12 years)
D) middle adolescence (age 13-16 years)

Question 9

Which of the following is the leading cause of teen fatalities?

A) suicides
B) homicides
C) car accidents
D) serious illness

Question 10

Ben was a happy 16-year-old who just received his driver's license. His happiness was dashed when his mother told him he would not be allowed to drive at night. Why would Ben's mother restrict his driving rights in this manner?

A) She wanted to improve Ben's chances for getting a good night's sleep.
B) She wanted to reduce the likelihood Ben would drink alcohol with his friends.
C) She wanted to be certain Ben knew he was still expected to follow family rules.
D) She wanted to reduce Ben's risk for being in a potentially fatal car accident.

Question 11

Drinking is implicated in about ______ of fatal car crashes involving adolescent males.

A) 12%
B) 16%
C) 20%
D) 24%

Question 12

In the United States, ______ of males reported having had sexual intercourse by the age of 19.

A) 16%
B) 33%
C) 45%
D) 68%

Question 13

Which of the following statements best describes teen pregnancy rates in the United States?

A) The current rate has increased only slightly since the 1990 all-time low.
B) The current rate is at an all-time high due to abstinence-only sex education.
C) The current rate has declined substantially from the1990 all-time high.
D) The current rate has decreased slightly due to increased abstinence.

Question 14

Electronic media is a dominant focus of teen attention. Adolescents, on average, spend about ______ a day using a variety of media.

A) 5 hr
B) 11 hr
C) 2 hr
D) 15 hr

Question 15

Abigail, a high school student, spends about 2 hr a day watching television and/or at her computer. Her mother thinks this is way too much. Which of the following statements best characterizes the amount of time Abigail spends watching television and/or on the computer?

A) Abigail's mother is correct. Two hours a day is enough to cause severe problems.
B) Abigail's mother is correct. Abigail's screen time is far above the national average.
C) Her screen time is a fraction of the national average.
D) Abigail's grades would benefit if she had more screen time.

Question 16

Being "overweight" means having a body mass index (BMI) at or above 85%; being "obese" indicates a BMI above ______.

A) 95%
B) 90%
C) 85%
D) 80%

Question 17

At night, Julia often has eating "episodes." She eats until she is uncomfortable and often feels a little out of control. After these episodes, she exercises constantly to try and minimize the results of her overeating. Which of the following statements best describes Julia's behavior?

A) Julia is a typical teenager; as long as she's not throwing up, she is alright.
B) Julia is anorexic. This eating disorder is serious and needs professional attention.
C) Julia's exercise compensates for her unusual eating behaviors. She is alright.
D) Julia is bulimic. This eating disorder puts her at risk for other problems.

Question 18

In 2016, about 6% of all teenagers dropped out of high school and did not subsequently earn a general educational development (GED) certificate. The dropout rate is about twice as high among ______ youth, in comparison to White youth.

A) Black
B) Hispanic/Latino
C) Asian American
D) all of these

Question 19

In 1997, 38% of high school senior smoked cigarettes. As of 2018, it was found that about ______ of high school seniors reported that they smoked cigarettes.

A) 5%
B) 10%
C) 15%
D) 20%

Question 20

"Binge drinking" is typically defined as consuming ______ or more drinks in a short period of time.

A) six
B) five
C) three
D) four

Question 21

By the time they are high school seniors, about ______ of teens reported binge drinking during the past 30 days.

A) one fifth
B) one third
C) half
D) two thirds

Question 22

The most common mental health problem for youth 12-17 years of age in a United States sample was ______.

A) ADHD
B) conduct disorder
C) depression
D) anxiety disorder

Question 23

The most common mental health problem for youth 12-17 years of age in a Canadian sample was ______.

A) ADHD
B) conduct disorder
C) depression
D) anxiety disorder

Question 24

In a meta-analysis of 127 studies on physical and sexual teen dating violence, ______ of adolescents reported being a victim of dating violence.

A) 15%
B) 21%
C) 33%
D) 45%

Question 25

Which of the following pathways to adolescent delinquency is the most common?

A) authority conflict
B) overt aggression
C) covert aggression
D) innate conflict

Question 26

Jillian is an adolescent who has a very high level of competence. She is socially responsible and has a good relationship with her parents. According to Baumrind, it's likely that Jillian's parents have a(n) ______ parenting style.

A) uninvolved
B) permissive
C) authoritarian
D) authoritative

Question 27

Which of the following is the single most important quality of the parent-teen relationship?

A) monitoring and being knowledgeable
B) open communication
C) positive, warm interactions
D) using appropriate control techniques

Question 28

Barbara is concerned that her teen-aged daughter's decisions about her sexual debut will be negatively influenced by peers. To reduce the influence from her daughter's peers, Barbara should ______.

A) criticize her daughter's friends and characterize them as "promiscuous"
B) only monitor her daughter infrequently, so as to not make her angry
C) stay silent about her expectations regarding her daughter's sexual activity
D) maintain a close and warm relationship with her daughter

Question 29

Teenagers are more likely to disclose to ______ than to ______, and ______ are more likely to confide in their parents than ______.

A) mothers; fathers; boys; girls
B) mothers; fathers; girls; boys
C) fathers; mothers; girls; boys
D) fathers; mothers; boys; girls

Question 30

In a national survey of children's health, ______ was found to be inversely related to substance use, poor school performance, and mental health problems.

A) the frequency of shared family meals
B) adolescent levels of autonomy granting
C) the pressure from peers to conform
D) the frequency of embarrassing talks

Question 31

In order for parents to monitor adolescent's actions and help them make good judgments, ______.

A) peers must be less important to teens than parents
B) teens must disclose truthful information to parents
C) parents and peers must be equally important to teens
D) parents must refrain from setting limits for teens

Question 32

Which of the following statements best describes parental monitoring of grades during adolescence and associated levels of grade point average (GPA)?

A) moderate levels of supervision produced the highest GPA
B) low levels of supervision produced the highest GPA
C) high levels of supervision produced the highest GPA
D) the level of supervision did not affect GPA

Question 33

After she worked hard and improved her grades, Ayanna was rewarded with the freedom to set her own study schedule. This is an example of ______.

A) psychological concession
B) privilege maintenance
C) autonomy granting
D) psychological control

Question 34

When James was 16 years old, he received a parking ticket for parking the car too far from the curb at school. His parents provided an age-appropriate consequence: ______.

A) James was shamed for his poor parking skills.
B) James had to earn the money to pay for the ticket.
C) James was not allowed to watch TV for a week.
D) James was grounded for his careless mistake.

Question 35

Parents influence their teenagers in direct and indirect ways. By ______ parents indirectly influence their children's weight.

A) setting rules about TV viewing
B) supplying healthy food
C) providing encouragement
D) providing information about nutrition

Question 36

Hankin and colleagues found that youth who had a particular variant of a serotonin transporter gene and experienced positive/supportive parenting were more likely to have ______ than other children.

A) negative affect
B) externalizing issues
C) internalizing issues
D) positive affect

Question 37

Neurodevelopmental changes in adolescence that is characterized by brain development that happens at adolescence and then levels off falls into which major category?

A) adolescent nonspecific
B) adolescent emergent
C) adolescent specific
D) adolescent prescient

Question 38

All of the following regarding Judith Rich Harris' group socialization theory are correct EXCEPT ______.

A) she argues that peers become the dominant developmental influence on teens' development
B) peers and parents have equal weight in influencing the development of teens
C) parents do not cause children to act out in reaction to harsh rules, but react to adolescent aggression with tough love
D) she did not examine gene-environment interactions

Question 39

Brad is on his high school's football team, is laid back, and enjoys playing card games. It so happens that the majority of his friends are also either on the team or on another sports team, generally have a calm disposition and like playing games as well. These shared attitudes and interests among friends is referred to as ______.

A) homogeneity
B) homophily
C) the law of attraction
D) heterophily

Question 40

Which of the following accurately describes graduated driver licensing laws?

A) differentiating drivers into "Learner" and "Intermediate" stages
B) differentiating drivers into "Preliminary" and "Graduated" stages
C) have increased teen automobile accidents by half
D) they encourage nighttime driving

Question 41

Negative talk via teen texting has been found to have which of the following effects?

A) externalizing problems
B) physical complaints
C) following rules
D) steady grades

Question 42

Which of the following would be a benefit of reducing the school dropout rate for teens by half of its current rate?

A) It would result in a $90 billion financial benefit per year.
B) Teens could earn up around $2 million more in their lifetime than those without a diploma.
C) Teens would be less likely to consume drugs, commit crimes, and have health problems.
D) all of these

Question 43

Joel enrolled himself and his high schooler in a drug awareness program in order to better educate themselves on the prevalence and risk of drug consumption. Which of the following is NOT a likely lesson learned during the program?

A) Opioid use is the drug most likely to result in fatal overdose.
B) Drugs are consumed as frequently as alcohol.
C) Excessive college is linked to academic problems, health problems, injuries and accidents, unsafe sex, and even death.
D) Access to drugs often comes from peers at school.

Question 44

Theresa has been putting off talking to her teenage daughter about sex, so she consults the Office of Adolescent Health on how to talk to your children about sensitive topics. Theresa could bring up the topic ______ and use ______ to facilitate the conversation.

A) in the car; guilt
B) honestly; guilt
C) in the car; humor
D) whether or not the teen is in the mood; negotiation

Question 45

Certain variables can have a(n) ______ relationship between monitoring and its effectiveness. For example, a parent who uses a home drug-testing kit daily on their teenager is likely to develop a hostile relationship and cause the teen to act out.

A) linear
B) curvilinear
C) anomalous
D) indirect

Question 46

Laura constantly tells her son Leo that she is not going to support him if he continues to ignore doing his homework. This disciplinary practice would be considered ______ control and is ineffective during adolescent years, as it is linked to both internalizing and externalizing problems.

A) behavioral
B) strict
C) psychological
D) authoritative

Question 47

Parental influence can be limited by all of the following factors EXCEPT ______.

A) adolescent's values or intelligence
B) peers and teachers
C) neighborhood
D) none of these

Question 48

Parents Sarai and Raj encourage their teenage son to get involved in the local youth group or volunteer at the community food pantry after school. They believe these ______ will reduce the likelihood he will engage in risky behavior.

A) structured factors
B) religious activities
C) protective factors
D) positive factors

Question 49

The ages of 18-28 years old, marked by an "in-between" phase of instability, possibilities, and self-exploration, has been termed ______.

A) young adults
B) emerging adults
C) postadolescent
D) preadults

Question 50

Which of the following is the LEAST accurate description of the parent-child relationship in emerging adulthood?

A) Emerging adults living at home are subject to different rules and level of independence.
B) Parents remain highly involved, offering practical advice and financial support.
C) Any involvement by the parents can be associated with anxiety, depression, and lack of self-efficacy in the emerging adults.
D) Emerging adults with authoritative parents reported closer relationships and lower levels of anxiety or depression.

Question 51

There exists a gender difference in the timing of physical maturation and its psychological effects. Boys who mature early experience distinct disadvantages, whereas girls who mature early experience more advantages.

Question 52

Monica notices that her teenage daughter is starting to engage in more risk-taking behavior, such as speeding in her car. The brain region most associated with this change is the striatum.

Question 53

It is estimated that the national cost of teen childbearing to taxpayers is in excess of $9 billion.

Question 54

Angela is in her thirties and regularly sees her therapist to cope with her anxiety disorder. The chances that her mental health diagnosis had its origins in childhood or adolescence is about 50/50.

Question 55

Supporting a teen's autonomy is associated with better quality parent-child relationships and child well-being, regardless of the family's socioeconomic class.

Question 56

Strict discipline regarding sexual activity is likely to backfire, as it is has been found to be associated with early sex initiation for daughters.

Question 57

Self-determination theory is considered insufficient in describing how adolescent behavior is determined.

Question 58

In a study assessing adolescents' perceptions of their parents' messages about substance use, the most common parental messages were to inform the youth about the dangers of substances.

Question 59

In general, emerging adults report an increase in depressive symptoms and decrease in self-esteem.

Question 60

Lillian is a 20-year-old female. There is more than a 50% chance that she lives in her parents' home.

Question 61

What is the relationship between adolescent hormones and mood? Describe any moderating variables and research on the topic.

Question 62

Briefly describe the health problems associated with obesity in children.

Question 63

Your friend reports suicidal thoughts. How should you respond?

Question 64

Among adolescent difficulties, such as drug use, eating disorders and media overuse, the text cites youth violence and delinquency as serious and pervasive problems. Identify and give examples of the three developmental trajectories considered when analyzing the origins of delinquent youth.

Question 65

The text identifies four key qualities that characterize effective parent-child relationships during the teen years. Describe these.