Deck 12: Globalization and Global Inequality

Question 1

The way people, ideas, products and places are seemingly becoming more interconnected is a process known as ______.

A) globalization
B) essentialism
C) discrimination
D) localism

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Amenemhet is a research scientist in Cambodia. He shares his work with Drakon, a scientist in Greece, by using the Internet. Their collaboration is an example of the ______ of ideas.

A) internetization
B) shared ownership
C) globalization
D) commodification

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Rolland can keep track of developing Hong Kong protests from his home in London by using social media. This makes the world seem smaller as part of ______.

A) imperialism
B) capitalism
C) appropriation
D) globalization

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Marshall McLuhan described the increasing speed of communication as part of his concept of ______.

A) the global village
B) the internet of things
C) radicalization
D) isolationism

Question 5

After hearing via social media that his family was safe after the tsunami in the Indian Ocean, Abhilasha used Facebook to donate to relief efforts. This is an example of the ______.

A) internet of things
B) commodity chain
C) global village
D) dissemination of ideals

Question 6

One positive element of globalization is growing acceptance of the idea of ______.

A) capitalism
B) human rights
C) child labor
D) materialism

Question 7

Raja is a Tamil living in Malaysia. Even though he is not a Muslim, he can practice his religion freely. What aspect of globalization likely made this possible?

A) dissemination of cultural ideals
B) increased physical interconnectedness
C) improvements in communication systems
D) spatio-temporal convergence

Question 8

What example of positive globalization was ratified by nearly fifty countries in the United Nations General Assembly shortly after World War II?

A) The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
B) The International Declaration of Human Rights
C) The Declaration of the Rights of Citizens
D) The Original Port Huron Statement

Question 9

Baraz is a wounded veteran. What agreement was passed by the United Nations to address his specialized transportation and wheelchair access issues?

A) The Declaration of the Rights of Citizens
B) The International Declaration of Human Rights
C) The Statement on the Rights of Man and the Citizen
D) The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities

Question 10

Priti lives in India, but feels pressure to conform to Western ideas of beauty, such as being very thin as she sees on Western television. This is an example of a negative consequence of ______.

A) imperialism
B) globalization
C) consumerism
D) essentialism

Question 11

When a country imposes taxes on imported goods and restricts immigration as a way of resisting globalization, this is reflective of ______.

A) imperialism
B) isolationism
C) intervention
D) interdependence

Question 12

According to modernization theory, what is one reason that countries are poor?

A) They stick with traditional and inefficient institutions.
B) They just do not work hard enough to succeed.
C) Their embrace of capitalism holds them back.
D) They refuse to admit that the U.S. knows what is best.

Question 13

What is one reason Karl Marx would reject modernization theory?

A) It asserts that communism needs a dictator as leader.
B) No mention is made of the plight of the bourgeoisie.
C) It suggests that capitalism must be embraced.
D) Abuses committed by the proletariat are ignored.

Question 14

According to Rostow, traditional societies are rigid and have limited economic mobility in order to ______.

A) preserve stability
B) encourage innovation
C) conserve resources
D) reject Western culture

Question 15

Which of Rostow's society types is characterized by subsistence farming or hunting and gathering?

A) Economic takeoff
B) Mass consumption
C) Traditional
D) Transitional

Question 16

According to Rostow, what do traditional societies focus on, even though they lack material abundance?

A) Consumerism
B) Communism
C) Imperialism
D) Spiritual richness

Question 17

Zuri has decided to focus on growing cash crops rather than subsistence food crops in order to make money and expand her farm. Which of Rostow's periods is this farm exemplifying?

A) Traditional
B) Pre-condition to takeoff
C) Economic takeoff
D) Mass consumption

Question 18

Societies begin to produce enough goods to trade them with other societies for profit in the ______ period.

A) technological maturity
B) economic takeoff
C) mass consumption
D) pre-condition for takeoff

Question 19

Ismet is becoming more concerned with his individual financial success, rather than focusing on his family or village. He is showing signs that his society is entering Rostow's ______ period.

A) traditional
B) technological maturity
C) economic takeoff
D) mass consumption

Question 20

Absolute poverty decreases, growth of cities, and demands for expanding political rights characterize which of Rostow's periods?

A) Technological maturity
B) Economic takeoff
C) Mass consumption
D) Traditional

Question 21

Mererid and all her friends moved from rural Wales to London looking for better employment opportunities. She often marches in rallies advocating for women's suffrage. This community is most likely in the ______ period.

A) mass consumption
B) traditional
C) economic takeoff
D) technological maturity

Question 22

Establishment of public schools are associated with which of Rostow's periods?

A) Traditional
B) Mass consumption
C) Technological maturity
D) Economic takeoff

Question 23

Demands for increased rights for women and racialized minorities is associated with which of Rostow's periods?

A) Technological maturity
B) Economic takeoff
C) Mass consumption
D) Traditional

Question 24

Ayelen is so used to having many options in the cereal aisle of the supermarket that she feels uncomfortable in smaller stores with fewer options. Ayelen's society is most likely in the ______ period.

A) traditional
B) mass consumption
C) economic takeoff
D) technological maturity

Question 25

Which of Rostow's periods features a large and diverse selection of goods available, and people getting used to such abundance?

A) Mass consumption
B) Traditional
C) Technological maturity
D) Economic takeoff

Question 26

What assumption about the past is made by the proponents of modernization theory?

A) There has always been a large gap between rich and poor.
B) Everyone was impoverished for most of human history.
C) The rich always seek to exploit the poor.
D) Poor people are too lazy to work their way up.

Question 27

What is the greatest barrier to development, according to modernization theory?

A) Capitalism
B) Communism
C) Tradition
D) Consumerism

Question 28

Oxana is discouraged from working outside the home due to well-established cultural norms in her community. This illustrates which barrier to modernization?

A) Communism
B) Tradition
C) Capitalism
D) Homophobia

Question 29

What change do modernization theorists suggest traditional societies need to take in order to become more modern?

A) Traditional societies must pattern themselves after the United States.
B) They should become patriarchal rather than egalitarian.
C) Traditional societies need to be more sedentary and give up pastoralism.
D) They should grow high-yield cash crops rather than subsistence farming.

Question 30

What is one benefit of monocropping?

A) Higher crop yield
B) Increased fertilizer use
C) Extensive irrigation
D) Soil nutrient depletion

Question 31

What is one drawback of monocropping?

A) Extensive irrigation
B) Larger harvests
C) Long-term soil damage
D) Greater income inequality

Question 32

How is modernization theory based on the ideas of Durkheim?

A) Durkheim also devalues traditional societies as backward.
B) Communism forms the basis of both approaches.
C) Both suggest that living simply is preferable over consumerism.
D) They both assert that societies evolve toward greater complexity.

Question 33

Jed's family grows all its own food, as well as raising sheep for wool, dairy and meat. They also grow some cotton so they can make all their own clothing. This family is an example of ______ solidarity.

A) organic
B) rural
C) mechanical
D) urban

Question 34

What holds societies based on mechanical solidarity together?

A) A shared set of beliefs, and norms
B) Difficult initiation rituals
C) View of non-members as enemies
D) Diversity and specialized jobs

Question 35

Lucas is a police officer. He uses wages from his job to purchase food and other items from those who produce them. Lucas most likely lives in a society based on ______ solidarity.

A) artificial
B) mechanical
C) organic
D) forced

Question 36

What is a challenge Stevenson and Peterson faced in their research into the environmental attitudes of middle school students?

A) They had to write questions students could understand.
B) They had to avoid creating despair.
C) Middle school students are usually very self-centered.
D) Many science teachers refused to take part in the study.

Question 37

How does Wallerstein's world systems theory differ from modernization theory?

A) It supports capitalism more directly than modernization theory.
B) It points out the inherent inequality in the globalization process.
C) It is biased toward Eastern cultures rather than Western cultures.
D) He blames most of the world's problems on European culture.

Question 38

Why is Canada considered a core country in the world systems theory?

A) Canada is focused on extracting natural resources from its colonies.
B) It is highly industrialized and influences other countries.
C) Canada has lenient labor and environmental laws.
D) It is still moving toward industrialization.

Question 39

What is the relationship between core and periphery countries?

A) Periphery countries control the core countries from the outside.
B) Periphery countries demand high prices for resources and control extraction.
C) Core countries exploit periphery countries to extract their natural resources.
D) Core countries sign equitable treaties with periphery countries to gain resources.

Question 40

Why is China considered a semi-periphery country in the world systems theory?

A) China refuses to fully embrace capitalism, and so is not modernized yet.
B) It is fully industrialized and influences the economies of nearby countries.
C) China is only focused on extracting coal and other natural resources.
D) It is partially industrialized, but keeps wages for labor very low.

Question 41

What is one way corporations from core countries exploit countries in the periphery?

A) They outsource labor to places that pay very low wages.
B) They use whichever labor force can assemble products fastest.
C) They partner with local people to build factories together.
D) They export their natural resources in exchange for high wages.

Question 42

What environmental consequences can arise from core countries exploiting those on the periphery?

A) Core countries export their trash to periphery countries for disposal.
B) Periphery countries are polluted during the resource extraction process.
C) Huge amounts of carbon are released in the shipping process.
D) Periphery countries become markets for goods made with their own resources.

Question 43

According to the world systems theory, what is the result when core countries extract resources from poor ones, use cheap labor to manufacture goods from those resources, and then sell the products to markets in those same periphery countries?

A) Poor countries stay poor.
B) All countries eventually improve.
C) Periphery countries become core.
D) Rich countries share the wealth.

Question 44

How does modernization theory support world systems theory?

A) Both only consider Western-style societies modern in any way.
B) Modernization is how periphery countries become core countries.
C) Periphery countries are encouraged to grow cash crops to benefit others.
D) Both agree that exploitation and pollution are the price for modernization.

Question 45

Why is it nearly impossible for local businesses in periphery countries to compete with corporations from core countries?

A) Core countries actively destabilize governments in periphery countries so they can control markets.
B) Periphery countries are forced to allow core countries to sell their goods cheaper than local prices.
C) Core countries use expensive research to determine what people in periphery countries want.
D) Periphery countries sell resources cheap, but must buy expensive equipment from core countries.

Question 46

How does a lack of Western media coverage of events in periphery countries perpetuate their plight?

A) People who could make a difference are often unaware of needs in the periphery.
B) Corporations actively suppress news stories that might embarrass them.
C) Core countries block information from periphery countries to maintain political control.
D) The problem is so large that media reporting does not see the big picture.

Question 47

How is world society theory different from world systems theory?

A) World society theory is based on Marxist thought.
B) World systems theory strongly supports capitalism.
C) World society theory sees world culture as a consequence of globalization.
D) World society theory supports modernization.

Question 48

The spread of ideas like human rights and tolerance for others are a positive aspect of ______ theory.

A) world systems
B) modernization
C) capitalism
D) world society

Question 49

What is one example of societies around the world becoming more culturally similar?

A) More countries have outlawed pedophilia and punish rape more harshly.
B) Most countries watch the same television programs and advertisements.
C) Fewer countries are relying on democracy, and turning to authoritarianism instead.
D) Non-procreative sexual activity faces increased regulation.

Question 50

According to Milanovic, what event made the gap between average income in countries wider?

A) The Great Depression
B) The Industrial Revolution
C) The end of Atlantic slave trade
D) The Enlightenment

Question 51

The United States has a Gini index of 0.42; what does that mean?

A) The United States has less than 1% income inequality.
B) It means that 42% of citizens experience income inequality.
C) There is significant income inequality in the United States.
D) Income inequality is not a problem in the United States.

Question 52

Countries that spend more on healthcare usually have longer average life expectancy. What is unusual about the United States in this context?

A) The U.S. spends 1.5 times more than Canada, but has a shorter life expectancy.
B) The U.S. spends less than Japan, but has a longer life expectancy.
C) Canada spends twice as much as the U.S., but has a shorter life expectancy.
D) The U.S. has the longest life expectancy in the world, but spends less than most.

Question 53

Wilkinson and Pickett's research found what increased as the level of inequality increased?

A) Life expectancy
B) Violent crime
C) Healthcare costs
D) Voter turnout

Question 54

How can inequality affect both rich people and poor people?

A) Lower inequality leads to higher levels of violent crime.
B) Higher inequality leads to lower disease rates.
C) Higher inequality leads to higher mental illness rates.
D) Lower inequality leads to shorter life expectancy.

Question 55

Why do sociologists Wilkinson and Pickett assert that the mental illness problems of the United States and Great Britain cannot be solved individually?

A) The problem is caused by structural inequality in these countries.
B) These nations cannot afford the quality mental health care needed.
C) Mental health problems are impossible to avoid or prevent.
D) Neither the U.S. nor Great Britain spend very much on healthcare.

Question 56

Why do developing countries have little money to spend on social programs to improve their citizen's lives?

A) Many developing countries are corrupt and have a very high rate of inequality.
B) Core countries actively destabilize developing countries to prevent advancement.
C) Most developing countries have to spend most of their money paying back loans.
D) Developing countries tend to spend most of their money extracting resources.

Question 57

Poorer countries are sometimes forced to sell off their profitable national institutions, which ultimately creates ______.

A) more jobs
B) higher unemployment
C) a boom economy
D) a higher national GDP

Question 58

______ plans for developing countries involves forgiving loan repayment.

A) Deploying peacekeepers
B) Development assistance
C) Microfinancing
D) Debt relief

Question 59

Increasing globalization and international privatization has forced many developing countries to sell national institutions to ______.

A) pay down debt
B) purchase natural resources
C) attract corporate investors
D) reward workers

Question 60

How does selling national institutions affect developing countries?

A) It reduces unemployment.
B) It stabilizes government.
C) It causes future problems for their GDP.
D) It improves feelings of national pride.

Question 61

Improvements in transportation have allowed the world to become more interconnected.

Question 62

Travelers no longer need to exchange currency because most bankcards are universal.

Question 63

Twitter and other social media are NOT helpful in making people feel more connected despite living thousands of miles apart.

Question 64

Some people resent the expansion of McDonald's into more countries because it can put local restaurants out of business.

Question 65

Eating disorders have increased as Western culture has expanded around the world.

Question 66

Modernization theory is NOT viewed as ethnocentric.

Question 67

Core media outlets rarely report on events in periphery countries.

Question 68

Foreign investment in developing countries can sometimes help them move from core to periphery status.

Question 69

New laws worldwide against rape and child sexual assault indicate increasing concern for individual rights.

Question 70

Marital rape was criminalized in the United States in 1945.

Question 71

All citizens in a country benefit from increased equality.

Question 72

Citizens of South Africa live shorter lives on average than citizens of India, due to inequality.

Question 73

Citizens of the UK and United States are more likely to suffer from mental illness than citizens of Japan and Italy.

Question 74

Developing countries are often forced to pay interest charges before principal, making loans impossible to repay.

Question 75

One of the goals of the United Nations is to cut global poverty in half.

Question 76

Why do some people oppose globalization? Explain at least two advantages and two disadvantages of globalization, using details and examples to support your answer.

Question 77

Discuss and evaluate criticisms of modernization theory. Do these make you less likely to agree with the theory? Why or why not?

Question 78

Compare characteristics of core, semi-periphery, and periphery countries according to world systems theory. Which previously studied approach is similar in outlook?

Question 79

Compare advantages and disadvantages of world society theory.

Question 80

Explain how developing countries can become trapped in debt and the consequences of that trap.