Deck 10: Sex, Gender, and Sexuality

Question 1

In earlier times, it was believed that which of the following led to blindness, impotence, acne, and insanity?

A) celibacy
B) masturbation
C) menstruation
D) oral sex

Answer 1

B

Question 2

During earlier times, it was believed that which of the following led to brain damage and death?

A) masturbation
B) nocturnal emissions
C) anal intercourse
D) premarital sexual activity

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which grouping lists four major contributors to today's knowledge about sexuality?

A) Ellis, Kinsey, Masters, and Johnson
B) Dr. Ruth, Dr. Laura, Miron, and Stern
C) Feinman, Holt, Lowe, and Johnson
D) LoPiccolo, Harvey, DeSalvo, and Hibbs

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Havelock Ellis began to study human sexuality because of personal experience with ________.

A) premarital sex
B) nocturnal emissions
C) homosexual fantasies
D) anal intercourse

Question 5

Who among the following researchers personally interviewed more than 18,000 participants in their study of human sexual behaviors?

A) Havelock Ellis
B) William Masters
C) Virginia Johnson
D) Alfred Kinsey

Question 6

Which of the following was developed to discourage masturbation?

A) hot tubs
B) Kellogg's Corn Flakes
C) Italian ice
D) matzo balls

Question 7

Direct laboratory experimentation and observation to study sex were first conducted by ________.

A) Ellis
B) Kinsey
C) Kellogg and Graham
D) Masters and Johnson

Question 8

Which bias suggests that people may answer questions in a way that presents themselves in a positive light and thus may be particularly problematic in self-report research of sexual behavior?

A) availability
B) social desirability
C) hindsight
D) attributional

Question 9

Dr. Masterson wants to know whether parents in Westernized nations are more or less likely to be willing to provide contraception to their adolescents than are parents in other nations. What kind of research is Dr. Masterson conducting?

A) cultural-blind
B) culture-neutral
C) cross-cultural
D) acculturated

Question 10

Cross-cultural studies of sex help to counteract ________.

A) standardization
B) stereotyping
C) discrimination
D) ethnocentrism

Question 11

Viewing one's own ethnic group (or culture) as normal and preferable to others and judging the rest of the world according to this standard is called ________.

A) nationalism
B) hegemony
C) dominionism
D) ethnocentrism

Question 12

Your textbook provided cross-cultural examples of sexual behavior, such as the fact that the practice of kissing is unknown in some cultures, to illustrate ________.

A) how unusual other cultures can be
B) the emphasis on romance in our culture
C) our own sexual ethnocentrism
D) the sexual ethnocentrism of other cultures

Question 13

According your textbook, which one of the following is matched correctly?

A) Manaia: Adult women are apathetic about sex and seldom achieve orgasm.
B) Yolngu: Women are more aggressive regarding sex than men.
C) Inis Beag: Female orgasm is more prevalent than male orgasm because males are discouraged from wasting their semen.
D) Tiwi: It is believed that young girls will not develop breasts or menstruate without experiencing intercourse first.

Question 14

According to your textbook, there are at least how many dimensions of biological sex?

A) one
B) three
C) five
D) seven

Question 15

According to your textbook, there are at least how many dimensions of psychological and sociocultural gender?

A) three
B) five
C) seven
D) nine

Question 16

The female gonads is/are the ________.

A) vagina
B) ovaries
C) uterus
D) fallopian tubes

Question 17

The male gonads is/are the ________.

A) penis
B) testes
C) seminal vesicle
D) prostate gland

Question 18

Culturally and socially defined prescriptions and beliefs about the thoughts, feelings, and actions of men and women are referred to as a ________.

A) gender identity
B) gender role
C) sexual identity
D) sexual orientation

Question 19

When gender role prescriptions are overly simplified or unfair and applied to all men or women, they're known as ________.

A) sexual scripts
B) gender-role stereotypes
C) gender schema
D) gender identities

Question 20

"I don't know why he cries at sad movies," Martha says about her brother. "Men are supposed to be tough. They don't get sad!" Martha is expressing a ________.

A) gender-role stereotype
B) gender schema
C) sexual norm
D) sexual script

Question 21

A person who cohesively combines aspects of both femininity and masculinity would be referred to as having a high level of ________.

A) gender identity
B) gender norming
C) sexual confusion
D) androgyny

Question 22

Why has a higher level of androgyny been associated with greater levels of success and self-esteem?

A) Androgyny has been found to be positively correlated with intelligence levels.
B) Those who are androgynous are frequently bisexual, which gives them more flexibility in sexual circumstances.
C) An androgynous person is able to display whatever behaviors or traits are most appropriate in different situations.
D) Androgyny is associated with greater sexual attractiveness to other people.

Question 23

Scientists who follow which view suggest that inborn genetic and biological factors not only determine our physical sex, but also help program our gender identity and specific gender roles?

A) nature
B) nurture
C) cognitive
D) humanistic

Question 24

Scientists who follow which view believe that most aspects of human sexuality are determined largely by social influences?

A) nature
B) nurture
C) cognitive
D) humanistic

Question 25

Individuals whose gender identity does not match their biologic sex are most accurately referred to as ________.

A) transvestites
B) heterosexuals
C) gays or lesbians
D) transgender

Question 26

Individuals who practice wearing clothing and adopting gender role behaviors commonly associated with the other sex are known as ________.

A) lesbians
B) cross-dressers
C) gays
D) nonbinary

Question 27

People who have which identity sometimes report feeling that they are victims of a "birth defect"?

A) gender-role-confused
B) gender-identity-confused
C) gay or lesbians
D) transgender

Question 28

Darla has frequently experienced sexual attraction to many different types of people. Sometimes she is attracted to men, and other times she is aroused by women. She has also been attracted to those who do not feel an identification with a specific gender. Darla would be best described as ________.

A) bisexual
B) lesbian
C) pansexual
D) genderqueer

Question 29

Psychosexual disorders characterized by distress about one's sexual interests - the subjects of their urges, fantasies, and actions - are known as ________.

A) kinky disorders
B) sexual interest disorders
C) paraphilic disorders
D) psychosexual anxiety disorders

Question 30

In which type of disorder does a person use inanimate objects or unusual parts of the body to achieve sexual arousal and satisfaction?

A) fetishistic
B) sexual interest
C) exhibitionistic
D) psychosexual anxiety

Question 31

A person with which type of disorder has considerable difficulty becoming aroused or achieving orgasm without either having or imagining the stimulus that is the center of their sexual interest?

A) fetishistic
B) sexual interest
C) exhibitionistic
D) psychosexual anxiety

Question 32

In which type of disorder do individuals experience intense sexual arousal from fantasies, urges, or behaviors associated with exposing their genitals to unsuspecting and nonconsenting observers?

A) fetishistic
B) flashing
C) exhibitionistic
D) psychosexual anxiety

Question 33

Which perspective suggests that paraphilic disorders represent a person's reverting to a sexual habit or behavior from childhood?

A) biological
B) learning or behaviorist
C) neo-developmental
D) psychoanalytic

Question 34

Proponents of which perspective believe that paraphilic disorders are a result of conditioning?

A) biological
B) learning or behaviorist
C) cognitive
D) psychoanalytic

Question 35

Those who subscribe to which perspective believe that paraphilic disorders may be learned from observing other people receive rewards for engaging in similar sexual activities?

A) biological
B) learning or behaviorist
C) cognitive
D) psychoanalytic

Question 36

Which perspective on paraphilic disorders examines the roles of traumatic brain injury (TBI), hormones, and alcohol abuse on such behaviors?

A) biological
B) learning or behaviorist
C) cognitive
D) psychoanalytic

Question 37

The inability to achieve or maintain an erection during sexual activity or until its completion is called ________.

A) performance anxiety
B) erectile disorder
C) orgasmic dysfunction
D) hormonal deficiency

Question 38

One very general criterion of premature (or early) ejaculation is when a male persistently experiences ejaculation ________.

A) within 30 seconds of penetration
B) before penetration
C) within one minute of penetration
D) within three minutes of penetration

Question 39

Which of the following sexual dysfunctions is primarily due to psychological factors?

A) male hypoactive sexual desire disorder
B) female orgasmic disorder
C) vaginismus
D) erectile disorder

Question 40

Involuntary vaginal spasms making penile insertion impossible or difficult and painful are referred to as ________.

A) dyspareunia
B) female orgasmic disorder
C) sexual aversion
D) vaginismus

Question 41

When a woman experiences a marked delay, infrequency, or absence of orgasm, it is referred to as ________.

A) dyspareunia
B) female orgasmic disorder
C) sexual aversion
D) vaginismus

Question 42

Victor and his wife Odessa have had an ongoing argument in their marriage. Victor would like to have regular sex, but Odessa just doesn't feel the desire to do so. She is not unhappy with Victor, has no physical limitations, and is happy with their marriage. She just does not want to have sex on a frequent basis. Odessa might be diagnosed with ________.

A) female sexual interest/arousal disorder
B) female orgasmic disorder
C) vaginismus
D) inhibited sexual desire

Question 43

Which branch of the nervous system is dominant during orgasm and ejaculation?

A) parasympathetic
B) sympathetic
C) central
D) peripheral

Question 44

People with which condition tend to have domination of the sympathetic nervous system during sexual activity?

A) premature ejaculation
B) anorgasmia
C) performance anxiety
D) prolonged refractory period

Question 45

Mario really enjoys watching movies from different countries and notices that couples in romantic relationships may behave very differently depending on their culture. For example, public displays of affection are common in some cultures but rare in others. This is most likely due to differences in sexual ________.

A) orientation
B) arousal
C) scripts
D) knowledge

Question 46

Which cellphone app has become the most popular among young adults for finding a potential sexual partner?

A) Tinder
B) Facebook
C) Instagram
D) Snapchat

Question 47

Which type of sexual dysfunction problems is the most likely to have an organic component?

A) female sexual interest/arousal disorder
B) vaginismus
C) erectile disorders
D) premature (early) ejaculation

Question 48

Regarding the effects of drugs on sexual arousal, which of the following is correct?

A) Alcohol usually enhances arousal.
B) Tobacco decreases the frequency and duration of erections, and decreases vaginal lubrication.
C) Barbiturates increase sexual desire, but reduce testosterone levels.
D) Cocaine and amphetamines increase erections and vaginal lubrication, and enhance orgasm.

Question 49

Moderate to high doses of which of the following lead to decreased desire, erectile disorders, and delayed orgasm?

A) caffeine
B) tobacco
C) barbiturates
D) cocaine and amphetamines

Question 50

Moderate to high doses and chronic use of which of the following result in inhibition of orgasm and decrease in erection and lubrication?

A) caffeine
B) tobacco
C) barbiturates
D) cocaine and amphetamines

Question 51

Use of which of the following decreases blood flow to the genitals, thereby reducing the frequency and duration of erections and reducing vaginal lubrication?

A) alcohol
B) tobacco
C) barbiturates
D) cocaine and amphetamines

Question 52

Prior to the 1950s, the major psychological treatment for sexual dysfunction was long-term ________.

A) abstinence
B) cognitive therapy
C) psychoanalysis
D) prescription drug use

Question 53

With regard to sexuality, spectatoring is part of the Masters and Johnson program's principle of ________.

A) relationship focus
B) investigation of both biological and psychosexual factors
C) recognizing cognitive factors can impair performance
D) specific behavioral techniques

Question 54

With regard to sexuality, sensate focus is part of the Masters and Johnson program's principle of ________.

A) relationship focus
B) investigation of both biological and psychosexual factors
C) emphasis on cognitive factors
D) specific behavioral techniques

Question 55

How many infectious organisms that can be transmitted through sexual contact have been identified?

A) more than 25
B) more than 40
C) more than 75
D) more than 120

Question 56

After a single act of sexual intercourse with an infected partner, ________.

A) women are at greater risk for ALL major sexually transmitted infections than are men
B) women are at greater risk for MOST major sexually transmitted infections than are men
C) men are at greater risk for MOST major sexually transmitted infections than are women
D) men are at greater risk for ALL major sexually transmitted infections than are women

Question 57

An unusual discharge from the penis is most likely to indicate that the man has ________.

A) monilia
B) chlamydia, gonorrhea, or NGU
C) HIV or even frank AIDS
D) syphilis

Question 58

Many people infected with STIs are ________.

A) sensate focused
B) simply carriers
C) asymptomatic
D) resilient

Question 59

One study on child sex abuse found that half of all survivors did not tell anyone for as long as ________.

A) six months
B) one year
C) five years
D) ten years

Question 60

One study on child sex abuse found that what percentage of survivors never told anyone else about their experiences?

A) 10%
B) 25%
C) 33%
D) 40%

Question 61

Johann has been working at the Facelift Remodeling Company for the last 3 years. Lately a newer employee, Ashanta, has been flirting with him at work. He has politely informed her that he is married and is not interested, but she continues the behaviors which make him feel uncomfortable. He worries that eventually this is going to cause a problem at work or in his marriage. Which statement is the most accurate about this situation?

A) Ashanta is behaving appropriately and Johann should be flattered.
B) This form of behavior is banned in the same way in all states.
C) Johann has no legal rights in this situation.
D) Ashanta is engaged in sexual harassment.

Question 62

The unlawful act of coercing oral, anal, or vaginal penetration upon a person through force or threat of force or without consent, or upon someone incapable of giving consent is called ________.

A) sexual assault
B) rape
C) incest
D) sexual harassment

Question 63

More than one in ________ women have experienced a completed or attempted rape; the same experience happens to about one in ________ men.

A) 2; 95
B) 5; 38
C) 7; 22
D) 10; 50

Question 64

Which of these is important in the prevention of inappropriate sexual behavior, including childhood sexual abuse, sexual harassment, and sexual assault?

A) restricting access to information about sex
B) making personal boundaries more permeable
C) personal empowerment
D) stringent punishment

Question 65

In terms of communication, men are more likely than women to ________.

A) use speech to achieve and share intimacy
B) become more sensitive to the feelings of others during conflict
C) prefer written communication
D) use speech to convey information

Question 66

Which conflict management strategy refers to talking things over to try to solve a conflict?

A) voice
B) loyalty
C) neglect
D) exit

Question 67

Which conflict management strategy involves remaining committed to a relationship and simply waiting patiently for things to get better?

A) voice
B) loyalty
C) neglect
D) exit

Question 68

Which destructive communication strategy involves giving up on the relationship and withdrawing emotionally?

A) voice
B) loyalty
C) neglect
D) exit

Question 69

Which destructive communication strategy involves active moves to threaten to or leave the relationship?

A) voice
B) loyalty
C) neglect
D) exit

Question 70

Which destructive conflict style involves complaining about some features of the spouse or relationship?

A) criticism
B) contempt
C) defensiveness
D) stonewalling

Question 71

Which destructive conflict style involves acting as if sickened or repulsed by the partner?

A) criticism
B) contempt
C) defensiveness
D) stonewalling

Question 72

Which destructive conflict style involves focusing on protection of one's self?

A) criticism
B) contempt
C) defensiveness
D) stonewalling

Question 73

Which destructive conflict style involves emotionally withdrawing and refusing to participate in conversation?

A) criticism
B) contempt
C) defensiveness
D) stonewalling

Question 74

Which approach is part of the demand/withdraw interaction pattern?

A) criticism
B) contempt
C) defensiveness
D) stonewalling

Question 75

Which of the following communication styles falls between 'aggression' and 'passivity', and involves confidently standing up for one's rights, putting forward their views, and avoidance of stepping on the rights or views of others?

A) dominance
B) cooperativeness
C) assertiveness
D) covertness

Question 76

The sex researcher who used his own experience with nocturnal emissions to study the phenomenon, only to learn that there was nothing at all harmful about nocturnal emissions, or "wet dreams," was ________.

Question 77

Muriel is not hired to head up a biology laboratory because the owner of the facility believes that "women aren't very good in science." He completely disregards the fact that Muriel has an impressive history of publications and awards in the areas of biology. Muriel has been the victim of a(n) ________.

Question 78

A person who is ________ has a gender identity that does not match their biological sex.

Question 79

Ricardo feels very embarrassed about his sexual problem. When he has sex with a woman, he frequently has an orgasm within 30 seconds of vaginal penetration. He does not know why he ejaculates so quickly, and as a result of this he avoids sexual and romantic relationships. Ricardo may be diagnosed with ________ ejaculation.

Question 80

The unlawful act of coercing oral, anal, or vaginal penetration upon a person without consent, or upon someone incapable of giving consent, is called ________.