Deck 9: Populations and Samples

Question 1

Which type of sampling is best described as more flexible, inclusive, and not based on chance?

A) Probability sampling
B) Type I
C) Nonprobability sampling
D) Variability

Answer 1

C

Question 2

A null hypothesis is rejected or accepted based on information gathered within the ____________. This means information may be incomplete or inaccurate.

A) population
B) confidence interval
C) level of significance
D) sample

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The margin of error in a research study is about:

A) precision.
B) variability
C) exposure.
D) satisfaction.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which type of sampling allows equal opportunity for every individual within the population to be selected for the study?

A) Convenience sampling
B) Simple random sampling
C) Systematic sampling
D) Stratified random sampling

Question 5

Which sampling method is commonly used when representing demographic variables, such as educational attainment, religion, income, and age?

A) Stratified random sampling
B) Systematic sampling
C) Cluster sampling
D) Multi-stage sampling

Question 6

The term "population" is only used to refer to humans.

Question 7

To increase the chance of accuracy, it is important that a sample of the population is chosen at random.

Question 8

Because investigators are always 100% correct in their assumptions, a degree of error is never assumed about the population based on the sample characteristics.

Question 9

If a relationship is found within the null hypothesis, it is found only by chance.

Question 10

It is easy to determine the ideal sample size when investigating a research question.

Question 11

In addition to the budget and budget justification, it is important to have a timeline for each study being conducted.

Question 12

Simple random sampling is feasible for large populations.

Question 13

______________ is defined as every single event occurring at random.

Question 14

When conducting research, investigators use characteristics of the ___________ (statistics) to estimate the characteristics of the _____________ (parameters).

Question 15

______________ samples have an element of judgment or bias in the sample selection process, while probability samples have no bias within the sample selection.

Question 16

Collecting quantitative data requires ______________ _____________, which involves looking at the data spreadsheet to determine what percentage of the data was entered incorrectly or is missing.

Question 17

Give at least three examples of nonprobability sampling.

Question 18

Jenny is conducting a student satisfaction survey regarding the new restaurant located on campus. To collect data, Jenny decides to stand outside the restaurant and ask students about their opinions as they are leaving the restaurant or walking into the new campus eatery. Based on this information, which sampling method is Jenny using to collect data?

Question 19

List two problems with nonprobability sampling methods.

Question 20

List the two types of nonresponse bias discussed in the text.

Question 21

List the three common ways to handle missing data so as to avoid item nonresponse bias.