Deck 4: Ethics

Question 1

In what year was the Belmont Report written by the U.S. National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research?

A) 1971
B) 1989
C) 1979
D) 1986

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Henrietta Lacks's cells were used to develop:

A) the polio vaccine.
B) cloning.
C) in vitro fertilization.
D) All the above

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which president apologized for the U.S. government's involvement in the unethical syphilis study?

A) President George W. Bush
B) President Bill Clinton
C) President Barack Obama
D) President George H. W. Bush

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which term matches the following description: "Is there a fair distribution of burden and benefits?"

A) Autonomy
B) Beneficence
C) Paternalism
D) Justice

Question 5

Which of the following choice is not a component of informed consent?

A) Full disclosure
B) Justice
C) Voluntary choice
D) Compensation

Question 6

Henrietta Lacks's cells were used 25 years after her death.

Question 7

As a result of individuals making important contributions to scientific research by giving their consent, the Henrietta Lacks Foundation was started.

Question 8

Subjects participating in a research study are not permitted to withdraw from the research study at any time they want.

Question 9

Evaluations in research create new knowledge.

Question 10

When gathering data to conduct research, all collected information should be stored in locked cabinets or in a password-protected database to ensure confidentiality.

Question 11

The University of South Florida does not have an institutional review board on campus.

Question 12

Obtaining informed consent is an ongoing process because it is imperative for all subjects to know that their participation is voluntary.

Question 13

There are two levels of justice: _______________ and ________________.

Question 14

The purpose of _________________ is to create new knowledge, whereas the purpose of __________________ is to improve programs.

Question 15

_____________ justice occurs when specific volunteers are recruited to participate in a research study because they would potentially benefit from the research, whereas _____________ justice requires the equal distribution of a research benefit or burden across the target population rather than a selected portion of the population.

Question 16

____________ _____________ occurs when an excessive incentive is offered for participation within a research study.

Question 17

Protection of confidential information should be maintained for the _______________ of the research and for __________ years after the completion of the research.

Question 18

Match each of the following terms with its definition.
-Each individual is treated with respect, and given adequate information to make an informed decision. Those with diminished decision-making capacity deserve extra protection.

A) Autonomy
B) Beneficence
C) Justice
D) Nonmaleficence
E) Paternalism
F) Utilitarianism

Question 19

Match each of the following terms with its definition.
-Protecting individuals from harm by maximizing possible benefits and minimizing possible risks or harm

A) Autonomy
B) Beneficence
C) Justice
D) Nonmaleficence
E) Paternalism
F) Utilitarianism

Question 20

Match each of the following terms with its definition.
-Fair distribution of burden and benefits so that every person with the same condition has an equal chance of benefiting from the treatment

A) Autonomy
B) Beneficence
C) Justice
D) Nonmaleficence
E) Paternalism
F) Utilitarianism

Question 21

Match each of the following terms with its definition.
-Refraining from causing harm or acting with ill intent toward a person

A) Autonomy
B) Beneficence
C) Justice
D) Nonmaleficence
E) Paternalism
F) Utilitarianism

Question 22

Match each of the following terms with its definition.
-A relationship of uneven power between a healthcare provider and patient or a researcher and participant

A) Autonomy
B) Beneficence
C) Justice
D) Nonmaleficence
E) Paternalism
F) Utilitarianism

Question 23

Match each of the following terms with its definition.
-The decision, behavior, or action that achieves the greatest good for the greatest number of people

A) Autonomy
B) Beneficence
C) Justice
D) Nonmaleficence
E) Paternalism
F) Utilitarianism

Question 24

Anna is a 21-year-old college student. Recently, she began to experience some alarming symptoms, such as fatigue, decreased appetite, weight loss, pain in the abdomen, and nausea. Although she has a history of anxiety and depression, Anna has not had any previous health concerns or diagnoses. After following up with her primary care provider (PCP) regarding these unusual symptoms, Anna is referred to an oncologist. Upon extensive testing, she has a confirmed diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. However, the lead oncologist involved in her case makes the decision not to tell Anna her results because of her history of anxiety and depression. Therefore, the oncologist withholds the medical diagnosis from Anna. This case description depicts which ethical principle?

Question 25

Name the three main ethical principles.

Question 26

List two examples of special populations.