Deck 4: Epidemiologic Measures of Population Health

Question 1

A(n) _______________ is a comparison of the magnitude of two different numbers.

A) Ratio
B) Difference
C) Proportion
D) Derivative

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The number of children born in the world in 2011 was approximately 15,000/hour. This is an example of a:

A) Ratio
B) Proportion
C) Rate
D) Population

Answer 2

C

Question 3

______________ indicates the risk or probability that healthy individuals in a population will develop a particular disease during a specified period.

A) Risk probability
B) Disease risk
C) Incidence rate
D) Disease probability

Answer 3

C

Question 4

__________________ is not a rate, but instead is a measure of the total burden of disease in a population over a given period of time.

A) Incidence rate
B) Incidence density
C) Cumulative incidence
D) Overall incidence

Question 5

Which of the following is a summary statistic based on the total number of deaths from all causes in a specified population in a given year.

A) Cumulative incidence
B) Crude death rate
C) Cumulative mortality rate
D) Mortality incidence

Question 6

__________________ is the proportion of cases of a disease in a specified period of time that resulted in death.

A) Case fatality rate
B) Specified fatality rate
C) Cumulative fatality rate
D) Proportion fatality rate

Question 7

A _______________ starts at birth and follows the mortality experience of an actual group of individuals in consecutive calendar years until the last person in the cohort dies.

A) Cohort prediction table
B) Mortality experience table
C) Consecutive cohort table
D) Cohort life table

Question 8

Which of the following refers to the proportion of cases of a disease in which the person survives for a specified period of time regardless of the cause of death?

A) Crude survival rate
B) Cumulative survival rate
C) Disease survival rate
D) Specified survival rate

Question 9

The measure of whether people in the population of interest are dying at a higher or lower rate as compared with the reference populations is known as:

A) Standardized mortality rate
B) Reference mortality rate
C) Targeted mortality rate
D) Comparison mortality rate

Question 10

To calculate ________________, divide the number of deaths in a population from a particular disease in a given period by the total number of deaths from all causes in the same population in the same period.

A) Case fatality rate
B) Overall mortality
C) Proportional mortality
D) Cumulative mortality

Question 11

A fraction is a type of ratio.

Question 12

In epidemiology, the term incidence is used to count the frequency of old cases of a disease, event, or condition in a specified population in a given time period.

Question 13

To calculate mortality rates, you would divide the number of deaths by the population that is at risk of dying in the specified time period.

Question 14

It is not necessary to specify the time period when determining prevalence.

Question 15

The denominator in the _______________ calculation is the total number of person years rather than the total population at risk.

Question 16

___________________ eliminates the effects of differences in the composition of the populations being compared.

Question 17

The number of deaths of children during the first 28 days after birth per 1,000 live births in a given year is called ________________.

Question 18

Which of the following situations complicate the estimation of incidence rates?

A) The medical condition is not well-defined
B) The at-risk population is dynamic
C) The population is rural
D) The period in which new cases are counted spans many years

Question 19

Which of the following are associated with a higher life expectancy at birth?

A) Higher income
B) Being a woman
C) Living in a developing country
D) Being a man

Question 20

Comparison of crude rates of two or more populations in the same period or in the same population in different time periods can be misleading because:

A) Individuals are not equally distributed across various age groups in any population.
B) The nature of diseases is unknown and may not be predictable
C) Individuals frequently move to new locations and therefore they are difficult to track
D) The risk of death, or disease is strongly associated with age and is not equally distributed across all age groups in any population