Deck 5: Hunting, Gathering, Foraging, Farming, and Complexity

Question 1

____________________ is another name for the Late Epipaleolithic period in the Levant.

A) Natufian
B) Tunisian
C) Acheulian
D) Neimoidian

Answer 1

A

Question 2

PPN is an abbreviation of _________________________.

A) Proto-Pottery Natufian
B) Paleoamerican Pleistocene Niche
C) Paleolithic Pottery Nodule
D) Pre-Pottery Neolithic

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The theory for the origins of agriculture that supposes harsh climate caused humans and animals to cluster together near water sources is the:

A) Readiness theory.
B) Oasis theory.
C) Population pressure theory.
D) Younger Dryas Theory.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Göbekli Tepe in Turkey is famous for its ________________________.

A) micro-pyramids
B) llama burials
C) pillars with carved animal motifs
D) depictions of alien spacecraft

Question 5

At the end of the Ice Ages, the Pleistocene is followed by the ___________________.

A) Holocene
B) Oligocene
C) Megacene
D) Neocene

Question 6

In the New World, the Paleoamerican period is followed by the ______________________.

A) Neoamerican
B) Medieval
C) Folsom
D) Archaic

Question 7

Sunflowers were domesticated in _________________.

A) China
B) North America
C) South America
D) Europe

Question 8

The area that Robert Braidwood called the "Fertile Crescent" is located in ______________.

A) North Africa
B) the Middle East
C) the Andes
D) the Tehuácan Valley

Question 9

Surprisingly, evidence from Belgium and Siberia suggests that dogs may have been domesticated as early as ______________________.

A) 1.5 million cal BC
B) 730,500 cal BC
C) 134,060 cal BC
D) 29,700 cal BC

Question 10

The Epipaleolithic occurred ___________ the Upper Paleolithic in the Middle East.

A) after
B) before
C) during
D) None of the above

Question 11

____________________ is a PPNA site in Jordan.

A) Altamira
B) Dhra'
C) Monte Verde
D) Zhoukoudian

Question 12

Some __________________ sites in the Levant include plastered human skulls.

A) Denisovan
B) Chatelperronian
C) PPNB
D) Paleoamerican

Question 13

The Archaic (or Preceramic) period in the New World corresponds approximately to the ____________________ period in Europe.

A) Iron Age
B) Renaissance
C) Miocene
D) Mesolithic

Question 14

Which of these plant foods was first domesticated in Africa?

A) Millet
B) Peanut
C) Quinoa
D) Maize

Question 15

Hunter-gatherer-forager groups are generally ___________________.

A) class based
B) farmers
C) egalitarian
D) politically complex

Question 16

Food surpluses often create conditions conducive to ______________________.

A) egalitarianism
B) berry-picking
C) high mobility
D) social complexity

Question 17

Political complexity is a term used to describe societies for which __________________ have replaced kin groups in societal organization.

A) social classes
B) families
C) small households
D) shamans

Question 18

Weeding, selective collection, and selective hunting are viewed by Bruce Smith as components of ________________________.

A) evolutionary ecology
B) postprocessualism
C) niche construction theory
D) Marxism

Question 19

You would most likely find ___________________ at a site dating to the Levantine Epipaleolithic.

A) Acheulian handaxes
B) turkey bones
C) microliths
D) sheet copper

Question 20

____________ appear to have been domesticated around 8000 cal BC in the Zagros Mountains region.

A) Bananas
B) Goats
C) Chickens
D) Llamas

Question 21

The region called the Levant includes all of these modern nation-states except:

A) Greece
B) Israel
C) Lebanon
D) Syria

Question 22

The "Old World" includes:

A) Mexico
B) Canada
C) Europe
D) South America

Question 23

'Ain Ghazal in Jordan was occupied during all of the ______________.

A) Dmanisi
B) Upper Paleolithic
C) PPNB
D) Pleistocene

Question 24

______________________ is an unusual site with T-shaped pillars decorated with motifs of snakes, aurochs, gazelle, and felines.

A) Göbekli Tepe
B) Duvensee
C) Xihuatoxtla Shelter
D) Chauvet Cave

Question 25

___________________ is a term used to refer to hunter-gatherer-forager groups in the Middle East between 23,000 and 9600 cal BC.

A) Epipaleolithic
B) Mesolithic
C) Neolithic
D) Gravettian

Question 26

Increasing population size and density is known as population pressure.

Question 27

A feasting model for the origins of agriculture is applicable in all contexts.

Question 28

The "New World" includes Mexico.

Question 29

Nuts are a particularly useful resource for hunter-gatherer-foragers because of their oil and fat content.

Question 30

Potatoes were first domesticated in Kenya.

Question 31

The first animals domesticated by humans were cattle.

Question 32

The Levant is located in the Middle East.

Question 33

The control of nature through its manipulation is an example of a processual theory.

Question 34

The largest animals domesticated in the Americas are Turkeys.

Question 35

Why is it necessary to use the term "hunter-gatherer-forager"?

Question 36

Why is domestication sometimes referred to as artificial selection?

Question 37

What is the relationship between agriculture and social complexity?

Question 38

PPNB sites in the Levant sometimes include carefully prepared plastered skulls. How have these been interpreted?

Question 39

What attributes of gray wolves may have made them candidates for early domestication?

Question 40

Briefly describe the readiness theory for agricultural development .

Question 41

Name four common foods that were domesticated in the New World.

Question 42

Describe the feasting model for the development of agriculture.

Question 43

Broadly speaking, how did the climate change at the Pleistocene to Holocene transition?

Question 44

How would you interpret a scatter of small shells with symmetrical holes in them?

Question 45

Describe the process of domestication using gray wolves and teosinte as examples. How did human behavior transform these species?

Question 46

How can social complexity and stratification be identified in the archaeological record?

Question 47

If the initial interpretations of Göbekli Tepe are correct, what is so unusual about the site?

Question 48

Explain niche construction theory (NCT) as applied to the origins of food production.

Question 49

How can we identify political complexity in the archaeological record?