Deck 32: Exploring Public Health: Definitions, Leaders, and Controversies

Question 1

What leader of American public health during the first half of the 20^th century authored the definition of public health that we still use today?

A) John Snow A. Winslow
B) Charles-Edward
C) John Stuart Mill
D) Dan

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following is defined as " The fulfillment of society's interest in assuring the conditions in which people can be healthy"?

A) Mission of public health
B) Substance of public health
C) Organizational framework of public health
D) Scope of public health

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The mission of public health is defined by the report, The Future of Public Health, which was published by which organization?

A) National Institutes of Health
B) Centers of Disease Control and Prevention
C) Institute of Medicine
D) American Medical Association

Answer 3

C

Question 4

What federal public health agency has often been attacked by Congress and had its policies often watered down by the George W. Bush White House?

A) Food and Drug Administration
B) Department of Health and Human Services
C) Environmental Protection Agency
D) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Question 5

The position of Surgeon General does not in itself carry much direct line authority, but it became very visible in the 1980s when which of the following spoke out bluntly on the politically controversial subjects of AIDS and tobacco?

A) Jocelyn Elders
B) David Satcher
C) C. Everett Koop
D) Robert A. Whitney

Question 6

Which natural substance was responsible for the outbreak of eosinophilia myalgia syndrome in Santa Fe, New Mexico?

A) L-Glutamine
B) L-Carnosine
C) L-Tryptophan
D) L-Arginine

Question 7

Many clinical trials over the years have found that what percentage of patients respond to a placebo as if it were the intervention?

A) 18%
B) 27%
C) 33%
D) 46%

Question 8

Two human retroviruses, causing two types of what disorder, were known before HIV was discovered?

A) Pneumonia
B) Leukemia
C) Chicken Pox
D) Measles

Question 9

Which of the following is a major public health problem because, if left untreated, causes damage to the blood vessels throughout the body especially the eyes and kidneys?

A) Diabetes
B) Hypertension
C) Atherosclerosis
D) Hyperthyroidism

Question 10

Which of the following, controversially approved by the FDA in 1998 for treatment of leprosy and some forms of cancer, can be used only under very strict regulations that require women taking it to undergo monthly pregnancy test and to use two forms of birth control?

A) Accutane
B) Thalidomide
C) Diethylstilbestrol
D) Tetracycline

Question 11

Down syndrome, caused by an extra copy of which chromosome, is the best known chromosomal abnormality largely because its effects are less lethal than those of other chromosomal defects and most affected infants survive?

A) Chromosome 4
B) Chromosome 9
C) Chromosome 17
D) Chromosome 21

Question 12

In addition to phenylketonuria, all states screen for what congenital condition that can lead to mental retardation and dwarfism that can easily be treated with regular doses of hormone?

A) Congenital syphilis
B) Congenital hypothyroidism
C) Tay-Sachs disease
D) Sickle Cell anemia

Question 13

A whole new field of research called psychoneuroimmunology has arisen to study the impact of which of the following on health?

A) Stress
B) Behavior
C) Education
D) Wealth

Question 14

Assuming that people act in rational ways, what psychological model of health behavior specifies several factors that determine whether a person is likely to change behavior when faced with a health threat?

A) Health belief model
B) Transtheoretical model
C) Ecological model
D) Psychosocial model

Question 15

The "truth" campaign, an aggressive ad campaign against smoking targeted at youth, are sponsored by which organization?

A) Food and Drug Administration
B) American Legacy Foundation
C) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
D) World Health Organization

Question 16

Even leaders in the field of public health have themselves struggled to understand the mission of public health, to explain what it is, why it is important, and what it should do.

Question 17

Public health, unlike virtually all other important social efforts, is dependent on its ability to obtain the participation of other agencies to solve its problems.

Question 18

For most disease, prevalence rates change rapidly and are of great use for epidemiologic studies.

Question 19

The information researchers obtain concerning exposure in the case-control trial may not be reliable.

Question 20

While laboratory tests to be used in screening programs should ideally be highly accurate, most are likely to yield either false positives or false negatives.

Question 21

For some conditions such as AIDS or suicide, the cause of death may be misstated deliberately by the local official because of social stigma.

Question 22

Koch's second postulate requires that a possible disease-causing microbe be cultured in the lab.

Question 23

Evidence suggests that atherosclerosis may have an infectious component caused by bacteria that are often found in plaque.

Question 24

There is a more significant role for public health in the prevention of disorders that are caused by dominant genes.

Question 25

Information on healthful eating habits has traditionally been provided by the federal government.

Question 26

Although it has been smoked and chewed for hundreds of years, tobacco was not used intensively enough to cause widespread illness until the 20^th century.

Question 27

The science of ______________________ is used to calculate risks from exposure to environmental chemicals.

Question 28

_____________________ was an issue on which the Bush administration especially disagreed with many scientists.

Question 29

The _______________________ is the main assessment and epidemiologic agency for the nation.

Question 30

A large number of epidemiologic investigations deal with food poisoning outbreaks caused by contamination with ____________________ bacteria that commonly infect carelessly prepared or preserved food.

Question 31

___________________ is the warning system that alerts the community that something is wrong, that a gap has opened in the protective bulwark against preventable disease, or that a new disease has appeared on the horizon.

Question 32

Death rates are close to ___________________ for the most lethal diseases, such as pancreatic cancer.

Question 33

The Nurses' Health Study, the large ________________ study, ongoing since 1976 found that women taking hormone therapy had a 61 percent lower risk of heart disease and a 75 percent lower risk of hip fractures.

Question 34

The fact that the probable is not always what happens leads to the ______________________ that most improbable things are bound to happen occasionally.

Question 35

Census ________________________ allow the calculation of age-adjusted rates so crucial for public health work.

Question 36

Measurement of _____________________, the concentration of viruses in the blood, is a valuable tool for evaluating the effectiveness of therapeutic drugs.

Question 37

A number of chemicals in the blood suggest that atherosclerosis is an _____________________ condition like arthritis.

Question 38

The focus of government educational programs on nutrition has shifted to the prevention of the major killers-cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes, which tend to be associated with _______________________.

Question 39

While claims have been made that _____________________ may help wean smokers from conventional cigarettes, there is little evidence that this is true.

Question 40

whats the appropriate yearof the following events?
-President Obama issued a scientific integrity directive which was praised by the Union of Concerned Scientists

Question 41

whats the appropriate yearof the following events?
-New York Times reported that the National Cancer Institute's Web site contained information suggesting that having an abortion increased a woman's risk of breast cancer

Question 42

whats the appropriate yearof the following events?
-Union of Concerned Scientists released a report call "Scientific Integrity in Policymaking" which was signed by more than 60 leading scientists including 20 Nobel Prize winners.

Question 43

whats the appropriate yearof the following events?
-Dan E. Beauchamp publishes influential paper "Public Health as a Social Justice" in which he calls on public health to challenge the ideology that prevails in the United States, an ideology that he calls "market justice."

Question 44

whats the appropriate contribution of the philanthropic foundation?
-World population issues.

Question 45

whats the appropriate contribution of the philanthropic foundation?
-Provide healthcare to the poor as well as on AIDS, alcoholism, and drug abuse.

Question 46

whats the appropriate contribution of the philanthropic foundation?
-Health and public policy.

Question 47

whats the appropriate contribution of the philanthropic foundation?
-Health and public policy for minorities the children and the elderly.

Question 48

whats the appropriate description of the following terms?
-Good, protective cholesterol

Question 49

whats the appropriate description of the following terms?
-Bad, harmful cholesterol

Question 50

whats the appropriate description of the following terms?
-Risk of rapidly drops back to that of non-smokers soon after the smoker quits

Question 51

whats the appropriate description of the following terms?
-Raises HDL cholesterol and protects against heart disease

Question 52

whats the appropriate year of the following events?
-Field trial of the polio vaccine

Question 53

whats the appropriate year of the following events?
-21,269 cases of paralytic polio were reported in the United States

Question 54

whats the appropriate year of the following events?
-Fluoride was added to the water supply in Newburgh

Question 55

whats the appropriate year of the following events?
-Aspirin aspect of the Physician's Health Study was halted

Question 56

whats the appropriate description of the following terms?
-Used as treatment for almost any illness by 18^th century physicians

Question 57

whats the appropriate description of the following terms?
-Performed on more than half of all children in the 1930s through the 1950s in the belief that it prevented rheumatic fever and other complications of strep throat

Question 58

whats the appropriate description of the following terms?
-Used as a treatment for women with advanced breast cancer in the 1990s

Question 59

whats the appropriate description of the following terms?
-Demonstrated that a company may purposely suppress negative information about a drug during the approval process

Question 60

whats appropriate screening characteristic of the disease?
-Illinois and Louisiana mandated premarital screening in 1987

Question 61

whats appropriate screening characteristic of the disease?
-Problem of false positives makes it questionable for women in their 40s

Question 62

whats appropriate screening characteristic of the disease?
-Disease can be too far advanced for screenings to make a difference

Question 63

whats appropriate screening characteristic of the disease?
-Screening is an issue due to overdiagnosis bias

Question 64

whats the appropriate description of the following terms?
-Form the basis of effective public health practice as well as the planning and evaluation efforts that are increasingly being used in public health programming

Question 65

whats the appropriate description of the following terms?
-Has vastly improved the accessibility of public health information to public health workers and the general public

Question 66

whats the appropriate description of the following terms?
-Used to monitor long-term trends of cancer incidence and mortality

Question 67

whats the appropriate description of the following terms?
-A way to expand on the vital statistics data the National Center for Health Statistics receives

Question 68

whats the appropriate symptoms of the virus?
-Flu-like symptoms

Question 69

whats the appropriate symptoms of the virus?
-Fever, vomiting, diarrhea, severe bleeding from bodily orifices

Question 70

whats the appropriate symptoms of the virus?
-Acute respiratory distress/lungs filled with fluid

Question 71

whats the appropriate symptoms of the virus?
-Encephalitis/inflammation of the brain

Question 72

whats the appropriate description of the terms?
-Autosomal dominant disorder

Question 73

whats the appropriate description of the terms?
-Autosomal recessive disorder

Question 74

whats the appropriate description of the terms?
-X-linked disorders

Question 75

whats the appropriate description of the terms?
-Amniocentesis

Question 76

whats the appropriate description of the causes of death?
-Encompasses the top three killers of 1900

Question 77

whats the appropriate description of the causes of death?
-Number of deaths increased by 22 percent from the 1990 estimates, the largest change among all actual causes of death

Question 78

whats the appropriate description of the causes of death?
-Accounts for 30 percent of all cancer deaths and 21 percent of cardiovascular deaths

Question 79

whats the appropriate description of the causes of death?
-Ranks fifth as an actual cause of death which is evidence of successes in environmental health

Question 80

whats the appropriate description of the minority group?
-Infant mortality rate is 1.6 times higher than whites