Deck 2: Historic Developments in Epidemiology

Question 1

Who introduced the words epidemic and endemic?

A) Hippocrates
B) John Graunt
C) James Lind
D) Thomas Sydenham

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Who advanced useful treatment and remedies (which other physicians rejected at the time) such as exercise, fresh air, and a healthy diet?

A) Hippocrates
B) John Graunt
C) James Lind
D) Thomas Sydenham

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Who used an experimental study design to determine that dietary factors were influential in treating and preventing scurvy?

A) Hippocrates
B) John Graunt
C) James Lind
D) Thomas Sydenham

Answer 3

C

Question 4

In the 1700s, it was observed that armies lost more men by disease than by the sword. James Lind focused on illnesses in populations. He observed the effect of _______________, ______________, _______________, and _______________ on the spread of disease.

Question 5

The Chinese observed that getting a weaker strain of smallpox was protective against encountering a stronger form of the diseases. What is this called?

A) Immunity
B) Herd immunity
C) Variolation
D) Virulence

Question 6

Who invented a vaccine against smallpox based on careful observation?

A) Benjamin Jesty
B) Edward Jenner
C) Louis Pasteur
D) Robert Koch

Question 7

Who received a Nobel Prize in 1905 for his paper on waterborne epidemics?

A) Benjamin Jesty
B) Edward Jenner
C) Louis Pasteur
D) Robert Koch

Question 8

John Graunt first developed and calculated life tables and life expectancy in the:

A) 1600s.
B) 1700s.
C) 1800s.
D) 1900s.

Question 9

John Graunt divided deaths into two types of causes. What were these types of causes?

Question 10

Which woman was a pioneer in the field of toxicology?

A) Florence Nightingale
B) Janet-Lane Claypon
C) Alice Hamilton
D) Beverly Ririe

Question 11

Who revealed the dangers of poisoning from lead used by potters in their glaze?

A) John Graunt
B) William Farr
C) Bernardino Ramazzini
D) Lemuel Shattuck

Question 12

Whose report set forth the importance of establishing state and local boards of health in the United States?

A) John Graunt
B) William Farr
C) Bernardino Ramazzini
D) Lemuel Shattuck

Question 13

Who developed and applied the case-control study design?

A) Florence Nightingale
B) Olli S. Miettinen
C) Janet Lane-Claypon
D) Jerome Cornfield

Question 14

Who investigated the relationship between smoking and lung cancer using a cohort study design?

A) Wynder & Graham
B) Doll & Hill
C) All of these are correct.

Question 15

Who is considered the father of modern epidemiology?

A) John Snow
B) Wade Hampton Frost
C) Sir Richard Doll
D) Olli S. Mietinen

Question 16

List three contributions to health made by Florence Nightingale.