Deck 12: DNA: The Molecule of Heredity

Question 1

Hereditary information is stored in

A) proteins.
B) DNA.
C) neuron cells.
D) nucleotides.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The monomer unit for DNA is the

A) deoxyribose sugar.
B) deoxyribose/phosphate group.
C) nucleotide.
D) peptide.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

How many carbons are present in deoxyribose?

A) 4
B) 5
C) 6
D) 7

Answer 3

B

Question 4

How are the carbons in deoxyribose labeled?

A) 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
B) 1a, 2a, 3a, 4a, and 5a
C) 1', 2', 3', 4', and 5'
D) a, b, c, d, and e

Question 5

What are the four nucleotide bases in DNA?

A) adenine, thymine, uracil, and cytosine
B) adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine
C) adenine, uracil, guanine, and cytosine
D) adenine, thymine, guanine, and uracil

Question 6

Which of the following nucleotide bases is a purine?

A) cytosine
B) thymine
C) adenine
D) uracil

Question 7

Where do new nucleotide add to a DNA strand in the synthesis of a new double helix DNA?

A) the 3'-end
B) the 5'-end
C) the nucleotide base
D) either the 3'-end or 5'-end equally

Question 8

The backbone of DNA is an alternating sequence of

A) deoxyribose-phosphate-nucleotide base.
B) deoxyribose-nucleotide base.
C) phosphate-nucleotide base.
D) deoxyribose-phosphate.

Question 9

Which bacterium was used to demonstrate that DNA stores hereditary information?

A) staphylococcus
B) streptococcus
C) pneumococcus
D) diplococcus

Question 10

What did Oswald Avery and colleagues identify as the "transforming principle" that changed the pneumococcus R strain into the S strain that causes pneumonia?

A) a protein
B) a fat
C) a sugar
D) DNA

Question 11

What technique did Linus Pauling bring to determining molecular structures?

A) X-ray diffraction spectroscopy
B) drawing Lewis dot structures
C) NMR spectroscopy
D) building molecular models

Question 12

What technique did Rosalind Franklin use to visualize the structure of DNA?

A) X-ray diffraction experiment
B) drawing Lewis dot structures
C) NMR spectroscopy
D) building molecular models

Question 13

In an X-ray diffraction experiment a sample is placed in the path of X-rays. What is seen on the photographic film?

A) an image of the atoms within the sample
B) a diffraction pattern
C) an outline of the sample molecule
D) an image of the strand of DNA

Question 14

Who performed the initial x-ray diffraction experiments on DNA?

A) Maurice Wilkins
B) Rosalind Franklin
C) Francis Crick
D) Linus Pauling

Question 15

Who discovered that DNA existed in two structural varieties?

A) Maurice Wilkins
B) Rosalind Franklin
C) Francis Crick
D) Linus Pauling

Question 16

Who used the best quality X-ray photograph (Photo 51) to determine the structure of DNA?

A) Maurice Wilkins
B) Rosalind Franklin
C) Watson and Crick
D) Linus Pauling

Question 17

Nucleotide bases form pairs within the interior of the double strand helix of DNA. Which of the following shows a correct base pair?

A) adenine-adenine
B) adenine-guanine
C) adenine-cytosine
D) adenine-thymine

Question 18

Nucleotide bases form pairs within the interior of the double strand helix of DNA. Which of the following shows a correct base pair?

A) guanine-cytosine
B) guanine-adenine
C) guanine-thymine
D) guanine-guanine

Question 19

The best quality X-ray photograph of DNA revealed how many polynucleotide strands?

A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four

Question 20

Why is it important that the two DNA strands in the double helix are antiparallel?

A) A phosphate on one strand needs to line up with a phosphate on the other strand.
B) The base pairs need to line up for hydrogen bonding.
C) A deoxyribose on one strand needs to line up with a phosphate on the other strand.
D) The two strands need to grow in opposite directions.

Question 21

Where are the phosphate groups located within the DNA helix?

A) always on the inside of the helix
B) always on the outside of the helix
C) sometimes on the outside of the helix; sometimes on the inside of the helix
D) at the end of the two strands

Question 22

What attractive force is responsible for bonding the base pairs in the DNA double helix?

A) dispersive forces
B) ionic attraction
C) covalent bonding
D) hydrogen bonding

Question 23

What is the complementary nucleotide sequence to 5' - ACCAGCTCCA - 3'?

A) 5' - TGGTCGAGGT - 3'
B) 3' - TGGTCGAGGT - 5'
C) 3' - GTTGATCTTG - 5'
D) 3' - CAACTAGAAC - 5'

Question 24

What is the complementary nucleotide sequence to 5' - TCTGAAGAAG - 3'?

A) 3' - GAGTCCTCCT - 5'
B) 3' - CTCAGGAGGA - 5'
C) 5' - AGACTTCTTC - 3'
D) 3' - AGACTTCTTC - 5'

Question 25

What are the strands of the DNA double helix called before replication?

A) super strands
B) master strands
C) parent strands
D) daughter strands

Question 26

What is the new strand in a replicated DNA molecule called?

A) super strand
B) master strand
C) parent strand
D) daughter strand

Question 27

What substance is responsible for adding new nucleotides to a DNA strand during replication?

A) DNA polymerase
B) Mg²⁺ ions
C) DNA repair system
D) cytochrome enzyme

Question 28

UV light can initiate a chemical reaction to form a covalent bond between

A) neighboring purines.
B) neighboring pyrimidines.
C) a purine and a neighboring pyrimidine.
D) neighboring deoxyribose units.

Question 29

Errors in DNA replication can be caused by

A) a thymine dimer.
B) a cytosine dimer.
C) DNA polymerase.
D) either a thymine dimer or cytosine dimer.

Question 30

A chemical substance capable of causing cancer is a(n)

A) carcinogen.
B) hotspot.
C) adduct.
D) pyrene.

Question 31

A cytochrome enzyme causes what change to benzopyrene?

A) formation of an adduct with DNA
B) addition of three oxygen atoms
C) formation of a benzopyrene dimer
D) ionization of benzopyrene

Question 32

When DNA polymerase reaches the DNA-benzopyrene adduct, it

A) stops adding nucleotides.
B) misreads guanine as thymine.
C) repairs the mutation.
D) breaks the DNA strand at the phosphate-deoxyribose backbone.

Question 33

Benzopyrene modified by the cytochrome enzyme forms an adduct with which nucleotide?

A) thymine
B) cytosine
C) adenine
D) guanine

Question 34

What did scientists study that linked benzopyrene to lung cancer?

A) frequency of lung cancer with cigarette use
B) the presence of benzopyrene in lungs of cigarette smokers
C) location of mutations in a gene associated with lung cancer
D) effect on cells exposed to benzopyrend

Question 35

What does the cytochrome enzyme do to benzopyrene?

A) decomposes it
B) bonds it to DNA
C) adds three oxygen molecules
D) makes the molecule less water soluble

Question 36

Why is UV light more likely to cause skin cancer than visible light?

A) UV light is more likely to raise your skin temperature that visible light.
B) There is more UV light in sunlight than visible light.
C) UV light is not more likely to cause skin cancer. It is just cannot be seen.
D) UV light has more energy.

Question 37

What effect does cancer have on cells?

A) production of toxic chemicals
B) nonseparation of cells during cellular division
C) uncontrolled cell growth
D) shuts down cell division

Question 38

When DNA polymerase detects adenine on the DNA strand, it adds a nucleotide with what base?

A) cytosine
B) guanine
C) thymine
D) uracil

Question 39

When DNA polymerase detects guanine on the DNA strand, it adds a nucleotide with what base?

A) adenine
B) cytosine
C) thymine
D) uracil

Question 40

What experimental technique was used to determine that DNA is a double helix?

A) building molecular models
B) determining chemical properties
C) drawing structures on paper
D) X-ray diffraction

Question 41

When two X-ray waves add together, it is called

A) a diffraction pattern.
B) constructive interference.
C) destructive interference.
D) additive interference.

Question 42

When two X-ray waves cancel each other, it is called

A) a diffraction pattern.
B) constructive interference.
C) destructive interference.
D) subtractive interference.

Question 43

In Crick and Watson's first molecular model of DNA, what was their mistake?

A) They assumed DNA is a straight strand.
B) They assumed DNA is a single stranded helix.
C) They placed the phosphates on the inside of the helix.
D) They mispaired the base pairs. For example, they paired adenine with guanine.

Question 44

Who made the X-ray diffraction photograph that was used to determine the DNA structure?

A) Wilkins
B) Franklin
C) Pauling
D) Bragg

Question 45

Thymine is a ____________________ base.

Question 46

The link between two ribose molecules in DNA is called ____________________.

Question 47

The three-dimensional structure of a sample may be inferred by ____________________.

Question 48

Since half of each new DNA double helix comes from the parent DNA, the replication process is ____________________.

Question 49

When DNA replicates, the strands unzip and one strand serves as a ____________________ to synthesize a matching strand.

Question 50

After DNA replication DNA polymerase minimizes mutations by ____________________ the nucleotide sequence.

Question 51

All types of cancer are caused by ____________________.

Question 52

What is the composition of a nucleotide in DNA, and how is it configured?

Question 53

How did Oswald, Avery, and colleagues determine that DNA stores genetic information?

Question 54

Why is it important that the base pairs within the DNA strand always be a smaller pyrimidine and a larger purine?

Question 55

Describe antiparallel for the DNA double helix.

Question 56

During replication, the two strands of DNA unzip. Describe how a daughter strand is synthesized from a parent DNA strand.

Question 57

Describe how a double helix DNA prepares for replication.

Question 58

Why would you expect the percentages of adenine and thymine to be very similar within the DNA of an organism?

Question 59

If you analyzed the percentages of guanine and cytosine in the DNA of an organism, what do you expect to discover?

Question 60

Describe some features of DNA that were determined by an X-ray diffraction experiment.