Deck 4: Carbon: The Element of Life

Question 1

Carbon atoms are able to form which type of covalent bond?

A) single
B) double
C) triple
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Hydrocarbon molecules contain

A) carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
B) water and carbon.
C) hydrogen and carbon.
D) hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and sulfur.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Hydrocarbon molecules with at least one C=C double bond are called

A) alkenes.
B) alkynes.
C) aromatics.
D) alkanes.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of these represents a methyl group?

A) --C₂H₅
B) --CH₃
C) --CH₂OH
D) --C₆H₆
E) none of the above

Question 5

Different molecular structures that arise from rotating a single bond are called

A) congeners.
B) isomers.
C) enantiomers.
D) conformers.

Question 6

The conformation of ethane where hydrogen atoms overlap each other when looking along the direction of the C-C bond is called

A) eclipsed.
B) overlapping.
C) staggered.
D) coincident.
E) crowded.

Question 7

Name the hydrocarbon represented by this formula: c₅H₁₂.

A) pentane
B) propene
C) propane
D) heptane
E) pentyne

Question 8

Name the hydrocarbon represented by this formula: c₃H₈.

A) pentane
B) pentyne
C) propane
D) propyne
E) propene

Question 9

The hydrocarbon butane contains how many carbon atoms?

A) two
B) three
C) four
D) five
E) six

Question 10

The __________ arrangement is the most stable for adjacent carbons in a hydrocarbon chain.

A) ring
B) eclipsed
C) staggered
D) bonded
E) sandwich

Question 11

Carbon atoms within alkanes have a(n) ______________ geometry

A) tetrahedral
B) octahedral
C) trigonal
D) pyramidal
E) linear

Question 12

Molecules having the same molecular formula but different bonding connections between atoms are called structural

A) enantiomers.
B) twins.
C) conformers.
D) isomers.
E) rotamers.

Question 13

Of the structures drawn below, three are the same molecule and one is a different isomer. Choose the one that is different.

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 14

Choose the structure that represents 3-ethyloctane.

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 15

Identify the number of carbon atoms in the following molecule.

A) two
B) four
C) six
D) eight

Question 16

Identify the number of carbon atoms in the following molecule.

A) five
B) six
C) seven
D) eight

Question 17

Identify the number of carbon atoms in the following molecule.

A) 10
B) 11
C) 12
D) 13

Question 18

Identify the number of hydrogen atoms in the following molecule.

A) 14
B) 12
C) 6
D) 8

Question 19

Identify the number of hydrogen atoms in the following molecule.

A) 11
B) 14
C) 10
D) 12

Question 20

Identify the number of hydrogen atoms in the following molecule.

A) 11
B) 16
C) 12
D) 21

Question 21

Choose the correct chemical formula for in the following molecule.

A) C₇H₁₆
B) C₇H₁₄
C) C₃H₈
D) C₃H₅
E) C₇H₉

Question 22

Choose the correct chemical formula in the following molecule.

A) C₆H₈
B) C₆H₉
C) C₆H₁₀
D) C₅H₁₀
E) C₅H₁₂

Question 23

Choose the correct chemical formula in the following molecule.

A) C₁₀H₁₆
B) C₁₀H₂₀
C) C₁₀H₁₂
D) C₁₀H₁₅
E) C₁₀H₁₈

Question 24

What is the three-dimensional structure of the ethene molecule (C₂H₄)?

A) planar
B) tetrahedral
C) octahedral
D) trigonal bipyramidal
E) trigonal pyramidal

Question 25

How do double covalent bonds differ from single covalent bonds?

A) They do not allow rotation.
B) They are shorter.
C) They lead to cis and trans isomers.
D) all of the above

Question 26

Another name for a dietary fat molecule is

A) triphosphate.
B) carbohydrate.
C) deoxyribonuclease.
D) triglyceride.
E) hemoglogin.

Question 27

This is the type of fat where the hydrocarbon chains contain only C-C single bonds.

A) omega
B) saturated
C) unsaturated
D) globular

Question 28

This is the type of fat where the hydrocarbon chains contain at least one C=C double bond.

A) granular
B) saturated
C) unsaturated
D) globular

Question 29

Choose the characteristic of saturated fats:

A) tend to be liquid at room temperature
B) come mostly from animal sources
C) are recommended highly by nutritionists
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Question 30

Choose the characteristic of unsaturated fats.

A) tend to be solid at room temperature
B) come only from animal sources
C) include omega-3 fats
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Question 31

The kind of fat that is considered good for the diet, slowing hardening of arteries and reducing the chance of heart attacks and strokes is

A) saturated
B) omega-3
C) unsaturated
D) trans
E) lipous

Question 32

This type of fat is linked to increased risk of heart disease and has been banned by the FDA:

A) saturated
B) omega-3
C) unsaturated
D) trans
E) polyunsaturated

Question 33

The process of hydrogenation converts a

A) C=C double bond to a C-C single bond.
B) triglyceride into an omega-3 fatty acid.
C) straight-chain hydrocarbon into a branched hydrocarbon.
D) saturated fat into an unsaturated fat.

Question 34

Where do trans fats come from?

A) consumption of too much sugar along with fatty foods produces them
B) They are converted by our bodies from unsaturated fats in our diets.
C) They are present naturally in animal fats.
D) They are a by-product of the hydrogenation process.

Question 35

The hydrogenation process for oils

A) lengthens the shelf life of healthier unsaturated fats.
B) produces a solid, rather than a liquid fat source from vegetable oils.
C) involves bubbling hydrogen gas through hot oil in the presence of a metal catalyst.
D) all of the above
E) b and c only

Question 36

The bonding geometry around carbon atoms in a cyclohexane ring is

A) planar.
B) tetrahedral.
C) octahedral.
D) trigonal pyramidal.

Question 37

The bonding geometry around carbon atoms in a benzene ring is

A) planar.
B) tetrahedral.
C) octahedral.
D) trigonal pyramidal.

Question 38

Describe the molecular structure of a benzene ring.

A) six carbon atoms in the shape of a flat hexagon with three longer single bonds and three shorter double bonds
B) six carbon atoms in a ring that takes on the three-dimensional shape of a chair
C) Six carbon atoms in a ring that takes on the three-dimensional shape of a boat
D) Six carbon atoms in the shape of a flat hexagon, each C-C bond is the same length

Question 39

Electrons in the double bonds of a benzene ring are

A) delocalized.
B) departmentalized.
C) energized.
D) resonant.
E) quantized.

Question 40

When two or more equivalent bonding arrangements exist in a molecule, they are called

A) Lewis dot structures.
B) resonance structures.
C) isomers.
D) rotamers.
E) conformers.

Question 41

Molecules containing a benzene ring are called

A) alkanes.
B) aromatic.
C) alkynes.
D) alkenes.
E) aliphatic.

Question 42

A widely-used method for determining the structure of molecules is called

A) X-ray photography.
B) molecular electrolysis.
C) capillary electrophoresis.
D) X-ray crystallography.
E) molecular microscopy.

Question 43

The molecule that contributes to a condition known as atherosclerosis is

A) benzene.
B) cholesterol.
C) triglyceride.
D) cyclohexane.
E) carbohydrate.

Question 44

The following molecule is toluene, found in paint thinners and used as an industrial solvent. Overexposure to toluene has the ability to cause severe neurological harm. Choose the correct chemical formula for toluene.

A) C₇H₁₄
B) C₆H₈
C) C₆H₆
D) C₇H₈
E) C₇H₁₂

Question 45

The following molecule is biphenyl, used as a food additive to prevent growth of molds and fungus. Choose the correct chemical formula for biphenyl.

A) C₁₂H₁₀
B) C₁₂H₁₂
C) C₁₂H₂₀
D) C₁₂H₁₈
E) C₁₂H₁₉

Question 46

The following molecule is myrcene, found in lemongrass tea. It has an analgesic (pain-relieving) effect, and is likely responsible for the tea's medicinal properties. Choose the correct chemical formula for myrcene.

A) C₈H₁₂
B) C₈H₁₄
C) C₁₀H₁₆
D) C₁₀H₁₈
E) C₁₀H₁₄

Question 47

The following molecule is pinene, a natural compound repellent to insects and found in the resin of pine and other trees and plants. Choose the correct chemical formula for pinene.

A) C₈H₁₂
B) C₈H₁₄
C) C₉H₁₂
D) C₁₀H₁₆
E) C₁₀H₁₄

Question 48

A(n) ____________________ fat contains only single covalent bonds between carbon atoms; a(n) ____________________ fat contains at least one double bond joining two carbon atoms.

Question 49

Humulene, following pictured as a line-angle drawing, is produced by the hops plant and is found to have anti-inflammatory properties. Draw the full-atom structure for humulene and write the chemical formula.

Question 50

Vitamin D3, following pictured as a line-angle drawing, is essential for healthy bones. Determine the number of carbon and hydrogen atoms in the molecule. There is also one oxygen atom present. Write the chemical formula for vitamin D3.

Question 51

In the __________ isomer, two hydrocarbon groups are on opposite sides of a C=C double bond.

Question 52

Explain why saturated fats are usually solids at room temperature, while unsaturated fats are usually liquids.

Question 53

The benzene molecule can be drawn in two equivalent structures with different positions for the C=C double bonds. This is called _____________.

Question 54

Match the chemical names to the molecular structure.
-Cis-3-hexene

A)
B)
C)
D)
E) f.

Question 55

Match the chemical names to the molecular structure.
-Trans-3-hexene

A)
B)
C)
D)
E) f.

Question 56

Match the chemical names to the molecular structure.
-Trans-2-heptene

A)
B)
C)
D)
E) f.

Question 57

Match the chemical names to the molecular structure.
-Trans-3-heptene

A)
B)
C)
D)
E) f.

Question 58

Match the chemical names to the molecular structure.
-Cis-3-heptene

A)
B)
C)
D)
E) f.

Question 59

Match the chemical names to the molecular structure.
-Cis-2-butene

A)
B)
C)
D)
E) f.

Question 60

Match each type of fat to its description.
-Saturated

A) Arises from hydrogenation of vegetable oils and is linked to increased risk of heart disease; usually found in fast foods and processed foods.
B) Contains more than one C=C double bond in the hydrocarbon chain
C) Contains only C-C single bonds, solid at room temperature. Found in butter, cheese and meat.
D) Contains at least one C=C double bond, usually a liquid at room temperature. Found in high quantities in olive oil, avocadoes and peanut oil.
E) Has a C=C double bond between carbon atoms #3 and #4, found in fish oil, flaxseed and canola oil.

Question 61

Match each type of fat to its description.
-Unsaturated

A) Arises from hydrogenation of vegetable oils and is linked to increased risk of heart disease; usually found in fast foods and processed foods.
B) Contains more than one C=C double bond in the hydrocarbon chain
C) Contains only C-C single bonds, solid at room temperature. Found in butter, cheese and meat.
D) Contains at least one C=C double bond, usually a liquid at room temperature. Found in high quantities in olive oil, avocadoes and peanut oil.
E) Has a C=C double bond between carbon atoms #3 and #5, found in fish oil, flaxseed and canola oil.

Question 62

Match each type of fat to its description.
-Omega-3

A) Arises from hydrogenation of vegetable oils and is linked to increased risk of heart disease; usually found in fast foods and processed foods.
B) Contains more than one C=C double bond in the hydrocarbon chain
C) Contains only C-C single bonds, solid at room temperature. Found in butter, cheese and meat.
D) Contains at least one C=C double bond, usually a liquid at room temperature. Found in high quantities in olive oil, avocadoes and peanut oil.
E) Has a C=C double bond between carbon atoms #3 and #6, found in fish oil, flaxseed and canola oil.

Question 63

Match each type of fat to its description.
-Trans

A) Arises from hydrogenation of vegetable oils and is linked to increased risk of heart disease; usually found in fast foods and processed foods.
B) Contains more than one C=C double bond in the hydrocarbon chain
C) Contains only C-C single bonds, solid at room temperature. Found in butter, cheese and meat.
D) Contains at least one C=C double bond, usually a liquid at room temperature. Found in high quantities in olive oil, avocadoes and peanut oil.
E) Has a C=C double bond between carbon atoms #3 and #7, found in fish oil, flaxseed and canola oil.

Question 64

Match each type of fat to its description.
-Polyunsaturated

A) Arises from hydrogenation of vegetable oils and is linked to increased risk of heart disease; usually found in fast foods and processed foods.
B) Contains more than one C=C double bond in the hydrocarbon chain
C) Contains only C-C single bonds, solid at room temperature. Found in butter, cheese and meat.
D) Contains at least one C=C double bond, usually a liquid at room temperature. Found in high quantities in olive oil, avocadoes and peanut oil.
E) Has a C=C double bond between carbon atoms #3 and #8, found in fish oil, flaxseed and canola oil.