Deck 2: Elements of Life and Death: The Chemistry of Elements and Atoms

Question 1

What is the function of iron in our diet?

A) builds strong and healthy bones
B) boosts the immune system
C) supports proteins that promote growth of hair and nails
D) part of the protein that transports oxygen from the lungs to the tissues.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which element can be found in the center of each heme ring that makes up the protein hemoglobin?

A) iron
B) calcium
C) helium
D) mercury
E) sodium

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of the following is an extensive physical property?

A) temperature
B) density
C) mass
D) color e melting point

Answer 3

C

Question 4

What is the density of a block of metal with volume 5.25 cm³ and mass 14.18 g?

A) 0.37 g/cm³
B) 3.70 g/cm³
C) 19.43 g/cm³
D) 27.00 g/cm³
E) 2.70 g/cm³

Question 5

Choose the material that would sink in water (density of water = 1.00 g/cm³).

A) mass of 25.12 g; volume of 12.76 cm³
B) mass of 16.53 g; volume of 47.15 cm³
C) mass of 35.00 g; volume of 52.25 cm³
D) mass of 8.19 g; volume of 12.15 cm³
E) Mass of 115.00 g; volume of 224.35 cm³

Question 6

An astronaut weighs 120 pounds on earth. On the moon, where gravity is one-sixth that of the earth, she would weigh

A) 120 pounds.
B) 0 pounds.
C) 180 pounds.
D) 20 pounds.

Question 7

A cube has a side measuring 4 cm, and mass of 80 g The cube has a density of

A) 1.25 g/cm³ and would sink in water.
B) 1.25 g/cm³ and would float in water.
C) 0.80 g/cm³ and would sink in water.
D) 0.80 g/cm³ and would float in water.
E) 20.0 g/cm³ and would sink in water.

Question 8

A box of silver-colored coins was found to contain coins having a mass of 3,458 g and, by water displacement, their volume was measured as 329.6 cm³. Given the following densities, identify what the coins are made of. $\begin{array}{|l|l|} \hline \text { Platinum: 21.45} \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{cm}^{3} & \text { Silver: 10.49 }\mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{cm}^{3} \\ \hline\text { Zinc: 7.14} \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{cm}^{3} &\text { Tin: 7.30 }\mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{cm}^{3} \\ \hline \text { Aluminum: 2.70} \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{cm}^{3} \\ \hline \end{array}$

A) Platinum
B) Silver
C) Zinc
D) Tin
E) Aluminum

Question 9

Which of the following is a chemical change?

A) Ice cubes melt when removed from the freezer.
B) Sugar dissolves in water.
C) Nail polish remover evaporates.
D) Silver tarnishes.
E) Eggs are whisked.

Question 10

Which of the following is a physical change?

A) Food is digested.
B) Wood is burned in a stove.
C) Food color is dropped into water to give it color.
D) Fireworks explode.
E) A bicycle rusts.

Question 11

Identify the homogeneous mixture.

A) an egg, before it is cracked
B) a bowl of cereal and milk
C) a cup of coffee
D) a bowl of M&Ms
E) a blueberry muffin

Question 12

Identify the heterogeneous mixture.

A) a container of mixed nuts
B) a bucket of seawater
C) a jar of mayonnaise
D) a gallon of milk
E) a gold bar

Question 13

Which of the following substances is/are elements?
I) Air II. Helium
III. Carbon monoxide
IV) Quartz
V) Chlorine

A) II only
B) II and V
C) I and V
D) I, III, and IV
E) IV only

Question 14

Which of the following substances is/are compounds?
I) Air
II) Helium
III) Carbon monoxide
IV) Quartz
V) Chlorine

A) III only
B) II and V
C) III and IV
D) I, III, and IV
E) IV only

Question 15

Which of the following substances is/are mixtures?
I) Air
II) Helium
III) Carbon monoxide
IV) Quartz
V) Chlorine

A) II only
B) II and V
C) I and V
D) I, III, and IV
E) I only

Question 16

Choose the element symbol for the element in period 5, Group 4A.

A) As
B) Zr
C) Sb
D) Sn
E) Nb

Question 17

Which element would you expect to have properties most similar to chlorine?

A) Sulfur, S
B) Astatine, At
C) Argon, Ar
D) Aluminum, Al
E) Sodium, Na

Question 18

Choose the element symbol for the noble gas found in Period 4.

A) Br
B) Kr
C) K
D) Sc
E) Se

Question 19

Elements in the periodic table are arranged according to their

A) atomic mass.
B) number of neutrons.
C) element symbol.
D) size.
E) atomic number.

Question 20

Most of the elements on the periodic table are

A) artificially made.
B) lanthanides.
C) non-metals.
D) noble gases.
E) metals.

Question 21

Dmitri Mendeleev discovered periodicity in the elements by noticing what about elements that repeats at regular intervals?

A) ratios of atoms that combine to form compounds
B) metallic character
C) reactivity
D) a and c
E) b and c

Question 22

Although human hair varies in diameter, an average width is 0.00075 m. Change this value to micrometers (μm). One meter = 1 *10⁶ μm.

A) 7.5 * 10^-2 μm
B) 7.5 * 10² μm
C) 7.5 * 10^-10 μm
D) 7.5*10¹⁰ μm

Question 23

An e. coli bacterium measures approximately 0.0000005 m in width. Change this value to nanometers (nm). One meter = 1 * 10⁹ nm.

A) 5.0 * 10^-16 nm
B) 5.0 *10¹⁶ nm
C) 5.0 *10^-2 nm
D) 5.0 * 10² nm

Question 24

The distance from the Earth to the Sun is 1.49 * 10¹¹ m. Change this value to kilometers (km). One km = 1 *10³ m.

A) 1.49 *10⁸ km
B) 1.49*10¹⁴ km
C) 1.49 *10⁷ km
D) 1.49 * 10^-3 km

Question 25

Many bacteria can swim as fast as 50 μm per second. Calculate the distance, in meters, that a bacterium could swim in one day. One meter = 1 *10⁶ μm.

A) 5.0 * 10^-4 m
B) 4.32 m
C) 4.32 *10⁶ m
D) 5.0 *10⁸ m
E) 1.8 *10^-1 m

Question 26

The average adult heart beats around 80 times per minute. How many heartbeats does the average adult have over a time span of 60 years?

A) 2.5 * 10^-9 heartbeats
B) 4.2 * 10⁷ heartbeats
C) 2.5 * 10⁹ heartbeats
D) 4.2*10^-7 heartbeats

Question 27

Which of the following is the best description of the composition of an atom?

A) protons in the nucleus, electrons in a surrounding space
B) protons and neutrons in the nucleus, electrons in a surrounding space
C) neutrons and electrons in the nucleus, protons in a surrounding space
D) neutrons in the nucleus, protons and electrons in a surrounding space
E) protons and electrons in the nucleus, neutrons in a surrounding space

Question 28

Choose the element symbol to replace X: ${ }_{17}^{35} \mathrm{x}$

A) Cl
B) C
C) Br
D) Ar
E) F

Question 29

Choose the element symbol to replace X: ${ }_{7}^{14} \mathrm{x}$

A) Si
B) N
C) O
D) F
E) Na

Question 30

Isotopes of the same element have different numbers of

A) protons.
B) neutrons.
C) electrons.
D) atoms.
E) molecules.

Question 31

How many protons and neutrons are found in Sodium-22?

A) 22 protons, 22 neutrons
B) 11 protons, 11 neutrons
C) 10 protons, 12 neutrons
D) 22 protons, 11 neutrons
E) 11 protons, 22 neutrons

Question 32

How many protons and neutrons are found in Potassium-40?

A) 40 protons, 40 neutrons
B) 20 protons, 20 neutrons
C) 21 protons, 19 neutrons
D) 19 protons, 21 neutrons
E) 19 protons, 40 neutrons

Question 33

How do we find the number of protons in an element?

A) Subtract the mass number from the atomic number.
B) Subtract the atomic number from the mass number.
C) mass number
D) atomic number
E) group number

Question 34

How do we find the number of neutrons in an isotope?

A) Subtract the mass number from the atomic number.
B) Subtract the atomic number from the mass number.
C) atomic number
D) mass number
E) period number

Question 35

An element has three naturally occurring isotopes, as described in the following table. Calculate the relative atomic mass and identify the element.
$\begin{array}{lcc}\hline \text { Isotope } & \text { Natural abundance (\%) } & \text { Relative atomic mass } \\\hline 1 & 90.48 & 19.992 \\2 & 0.27 & 20.994 \\3 & 9.25 & 21.991 \\\hline\end{array}$

A) 20.18; neon
B) 20.99; neon
C) 20.17; calcium
D) 20.99; calcium
E) 31.48; sulfur

Question 36

An element has two naturally occurring isotopes, as described in the following table. Calculate the relative atomic mass and identify the element.
$\begin{array}{lcc}\hline \text { Isotope } & \text { Natural abundance (\%) } & \text { Relative atomic mass } \\\hline 1 & 69.17 & 62.929 \\2 & 30.83 & 64.928 \\\hline\end{array}$

A) 63.54; europium
B) 63.93; copper
C) 63.54; copper
D) 50.00; vanadium
E) 69.17; gallium

Question 37

Choose the element with 5 valence electrons.

A) cesium
B) vanadium
C) zirconium
D) boron
E) phosphorus

Question 38

Give the number of valence electrons, and the total number of electrons for chlorine.

A) 7 valence; 17 total
B) 5 valence; 17 total
C) 3 valence; 17 total
D) 7 valence; 8 total
E) 5 valence; 8 total

Question 39

Give the number of valence electrons, and the total number of electrons for silicon.

A) 14 valence; 14 total
B) 4 valence; 14 total
C) 3 valence; 14 total
D) 4 valence; 8 total
E) 3 valence; 8 total

Question 40

Give the number of protons and electrons for chloride, the ion formed from chlorine.

A) 18 protons; 17 electrons
B) 17 protons; 19 electrons
C) 17 protons; 17 electrons
D) 17 protons; 18 electrons
E) 18 protons; 16 electrons

Question 41

Give the number of protons and electrons for the ion formed from calcium.

A) 20 protons; 18 electrons
B) 18 protons; 20 electrons
C) 20 protons; 19 electrons
D) 18 protons; 19 electrons
E) 22 protons; 20 electrons

Question 42

Choose the element that would form an ion with a charge of -2.

A) Sr
B) Na
C) Se
D) Ne
E) Br

Question 43

Choose the element that would form an ion with a charge of +1.

A) F
B) He
C) As
D) K
E) Be

Question 44

Choose the best definition of a quantum mechanical orbital.

A) a circular path that the electron follows around the nucleus
B) the space around the nucleus where the protons may be found
C) region of space where there is a high probability of finding an electron
D) the energy level that an atom's neutrons occupy
E) region of space where electrons feel the strongest "pull" from the nucleus

Question 45

The element that plays an important role in forming healthy bones and teeth is

A) iron.
B) calcium.
C) arsenic.
D) magnesium.
E) phosphorus.

Question 46

The risk of contracting this disorder can be reduced by consuming enough calcium at an early age.

A) anemia
B) osmosis
C) tooth decay
D) ornithosis
E) osteoporosis

Question 47

This element is poisonous because of its similarity to an essential element for life.

A) arsenic
B) silicon
C) phosphorus
D) sulfur
E) chlorine

Question 48

Which of these is not one of the six building block elements used to make biological molecules?

A) carbon
B) hydrogen
C) phosphorus
D) magnesium
E) sulfur

Question 49

The condition caused by low levels of iron in the body is called _________________________.

Question 50

Explain the difference between mass and weight.

Question 51

Use a periodic table and fill in the blanks in the following chart below:

Question 52

Explain the difference between the mass number, the atomic number, and the relative atomic mass.

Question 53

Elements with the same number of _______________________ ______________________ have the similar chemical properties.

Question 54

Give the number of total electrons and valence electrons for the element strontium, Sr.

Question 55

When the element strontium (Sr) ionizes, would you expect it to gain or lose electrons? How many?

Question 56

When elements ionize, they gain or lose electrons to resemble the configuration of the nearest ______________________.

Question 57

Quantum mechanics describes electrons not as particles but as ____________________.

Question 58

Match each of the following elements to its description.
-Mercury (Hg)

A)This element has 5 valence electrons and is a poison that can be found in drinking water.
B)Having 8 protons, this element is essential for life.
C)One of the only elements to exist as a liquid at room temperature, this is a dangerous environmental toxin that accumulates in fish.
D)This element loses 2 electrons to form a +2 ion; not consuming enough of it can increase risk of osteoporosis.
E)This element gains three electrons when forming an ion; it also helps form an essential source of energy for cells.
F)This is one of the transition elements, and is essential for the function of the protein hemoglobin.

Question 59

Match each of the following elements to its description.
-Phosphorus (P)

A)This element has 5 valence electrons and is a poison that can be found in drinking water.
B)Having 8 protons, this element is essential for life.
C)One of the only elements to exist as a liquid at room temperature, this is a dangerous environmental toxin that accumulates in fish.
D)This element loses 2 electrons to form a +3 ion; not consuming enough of it can increase risk of osteoporosis.
E)This element gains three electrons when forming an ion; it also helps form an essential source of energy for cells.
F)This is one of the transition elements, and is essential for the function of the protein hemoglobin.

Question 60

Match each of the following elements to its description.
-Arsenic (As)

A)This element has 5 valence electrons and is a poison that can be found in drinking water.
B)Having 8 protons, this element is essential for life.
C)One of the only elements to exist as a liquid at room temperature, this is a dangerous environmental toxin that accumulates in fish.
D)This element loses 2 electrons to form a +4 ion; not consuming enough of it can increase risk of osteoporosis.
E)This element gains three electrons when forming an ion; it also helps form an essential source of energy for cells.
F)This is one of the transition elements, and is essential for the function of the protein hemoglobin.

Question 61

Match each of the following elements to its description.
-Iron (Fe)

A)This element has 5 valence electrons and is a poison that can be found in drinking water.
B)Having 8 protons, this element is essential for life.
C)One of the only elements to exist as a liquid at room temperature, this is a dangerous environmental toxin that accumulates in fish.
D)This element loses 2 electrons to form a +5 ion; not consuming enough of it can increase risk of osteoporosis.
E)This element gains three electrons when forming an ion; it also helps form an essential source of energy for cells.
F)This is one of the transition elements, and is essential for the function of the protein hemoglobin.

Question 62

Match each of the following elements to its description.
-Calcium (Ca)

A)This element has 5 valence electrons and is a poison that can be found in drinking water.
B)Having 8 protons, this element is essential for life.
C)One of the only elements to exist as a liquid at room temperature, this is a dangerous environmental toxin that accumulates in fish.
D)This element loses 2 electrons to form a +6 ion; not consuming enough of it can increase risk of osteoporosis.
E)This element gains three electrons when forming an ion; it also helps form an essential source of energy for cells.
F)This is one of the transition elements, and is essential for the function of the protein hemoglobin.

Question 63

Match each of the following elements to its description.
-Oxygen (O)

A)This element has 5 valence electrons and is a poison that can be found in drinking water.
B)Having 8 protons, this element is essential for life.
C)One of the only elements to exist as a liquid at room temperature, this is a dangerous environmental toxin that accumulates in fish.
D)This element loses 2 electrons to form a +7 ion; not consuming enough of it can increase risk of osteoporosis.
E)This element gains three electrons when forming an ion; it also helps form an essential source of energy for cells.
F)This is one of the transition elements, and is essential for the function of the protein hemoglobin.