Deck 6: Other Senses

Question 1

The act of sensing the external world requires:

A)Brain networks that receive, interpret, and act on signals
B)Specialized cells
C)Particular physical phenomena
D)All of the above

Answer 1

All of the above

Question 2

Amplitude refers to the _____ of the sound wave.

A)wavelength
B)frequency
C)height
D)pitch

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The amplitude of a sound wave is determined by the:

A)Size of the pressure change
B)Number of high/low pressure cycles that occur per second
C)Loudness of the sound
D)Location of the origin of the sound

Answer 3

Size of the pressure change

Question 4

The loudness of a sound wave changes when the ____ of the wave changes.

A)Wave-length
B)Amplitude
C)Frequency
D)Pitch

Question 5

The _____ consists of three small bones.

A)Inner ear
B)Outer Ear
C)Middle ear
D)Auditory canal

Question 6

The outer ear consists of:

A)The cochlea
B)The pinna, auditory canal, and tympanic membrane
C)Only the pinna
D)The malleus, incus, and stapes

Question 7

These transduce sound into electrical signals:

A)Inner hair cells
B)Rods and cones
C)Retinal ganglion cells
D)The secondary auditory cortex

Question 8

Tip-link transduction involves turning sound vibrations into:

A)Photons
B)Waves
C)Electrical signals
D)All of the above

Question 9

Lower frequencies are registered in the cochlea within the:

A)Smaller and tighter basil end
B)Larger, floppier, apex end
C)Both of the above
D)Neither of the above

Question 10

The outer hair cells ____ signals, making them much better tuned for the inner hair cells.

A)Amplify
B)Condense
C)Scatter
D)Pair

Question 11

When neurons use labeled line coding, each neuron:

A)Carries the exact same information
B)Is connected to only one other neuron
C)Carries different, specific information
D)Is connected to all other neurons in the area

Question 12

Knowing that your instructor's voice is coming from in front of you, rather than from behind is referred to as:

A)Pitch
B)Amplitude
C)Vestibulo-ocular reflex
D)Sound localization

Question 13

Because the three semicircular canals are positioned orthogonal to each other, humans are able to:

A)Distinguish between pitches
B)Encode movement in three directions
C)Detect sounds from behind the head
D)Look in two directions at once

Question 14

One difference between the somatosensory system and the visual and auditory systems is that the somatosensory system is:

A)Only used during illness
B)Responsible for sensing only one signal
C)Distributed throughout the body, rather than being centralized in one organ
D)None of the above

Question 15

The two types of mechanoreceptors found in the upper-most layers of skin are:

A)Meissner's corpuscles and Merkel's disks
B)Golgi tendon organs
C)Pacinian corpuscles and Ruffini's endings
D)Muscle spindles

Question 16

Temperature receptors can be divided into two groups; ____ and _____.

A)Above and below freezing
B)Cold and warm
C)Wet and dry
D)Pain and no pain

Question 17

The only part of the body that lacks nociceptors is the:

A)Eyes
B)Lungs
C)Heart
D)Brain

Question 18

If you lose your sense of proprioception, you would lose the ability to:

A)Keep your muscles from over-contracting
B)Remain upright
C)Manipulate objects
D)All of the above

Question 19

This part of the brain has a somatotopic map of the body and can localize pain:

A)The somatosensory cortex
B)The thalamus
C)The prefrontal cortex
D)The periaqueductal gray

Question 20

When sensory information decussates, it:

A)Crosses the blood-brain barrier
B)Enters the spinal cord
C)Crosses the mid-line of the body
D)Is perceived by nociceptors

Question 21

Taste receptors are located in taste cells, which cluster into taste buds, which group to form:

A)Umami
B)Papillae
C)Tastants
D)Molecules

Question 22

The prototypical stimuli for bitter is:

A)Quinine
B)Citric acid
C)Monosodium glutamate
D)Sodium chloride

Question 23

These are released after an action potential has been fired by a taste receptor:

A)Prototypical stimuli
B)Tastants
C)Neurotransmitters
D)Ions

Question 24

The taste of food can be influenced by:

A)Memory
B)Smell
C)Mood
D)All of the above

Question 25

One person out of twenty experiences synesthesia, which is:

A)The blending of different sensations
B)The inability to perceive differences in scent
C)A larger than typical olfactory epithelium
D)The loss of certain tastes

Question 26

Many possible senses exist that humans do not use, including:

A)Body orientation"
B)Pheromones"
C)Vibration"
D)Sonar"

Question 27

If the layout of cells is tonotopic, neighboring _____ are neighbors on the cortical map.

A)Neurons"
B)Frequencies"
C)Amplitudes"
D)Pitches"

Question 28

Neighboring frequencies are neighbors on the cortical map if the layout is:

A)Retinotopic"
B)Somatotopic"
C)Tonotopic"
D)None of the above"

Question 29

As with the visual system, when we move higher up into the auditory system, cells respond to more _____ stimuli.

A)Random"
B)Disorganized"
C)Complex"
D)Simple"

Question 30

Which of these sensations are part of our internal world, rather than encoded from the external world?

A)vision and hearing"
B)temperature and pressure"
C)Hunger and thirst"
D)All of the above"

Question 31

Sound is:

A)Particles turning into waves"
B)Vibrations in air or water"
C)Photons hitting the tympanic membrane"
D)Pheromones entering the auditory canal"

Question 32

The frequency of a sound wave is determined by the:

A)Location of the origin of the sound"
B)Loudness of the sound"
C)Number of high/low pressure cycles that occur per second"
D)Size of the pressure change"

Question 33

The size of the pressure change determines the ______ of a sound wave.

A)Pitch"
B)Amplitude"
C)Frequency"
D)None of the above"

Question 34

The pitch of a sound wave changes when the _____ changes.

A)Amplitude"
B)Frequency"
C)Loudness"
D)All of the above"

Question 35

Loudness is what we call human perception of:

A)Wave-length"
B)Frequency"
C)Amplitude"
D)Pitch"

Question 36

The pinna is designed to:

A)Catch and amplify specific sound frequencies"
B)Direct sound down to auditory canal"
C)Diminish sound coming from behind the head"
D)All of the above"

Question 37

The ______ vibrates, and is the deepest part of the outer ear.

A)Stapes"
B)Malleus"
C)Tympanic membrane"
D)Ossicles"

Question 38

The three bones of the inner ear move sound from the outer ear to the:

A)Tympanic membrane"
B)Pinna"
C)Malleus"
D)Oval window"

Question 39

The malleus, incus, and stapes are all:

A)Points along the cochlea"
B)Bones located in the middle ear"
C)Parts of the pinna"
D)Sections of the auditory canal"

Question 40

The _____ is the gateway to the inner ear.

A)Incus"
B)Stapes"
C)Oval window"
D)Tympanic membrane"

Question 41

The pinna, auditory canal, and tympanic membrane all make up the:

A)Middle ear"
B)Outer ear"
C)Inner ear"
D)Ear canal"

Question 42

The inner ear consists of:

A)The malleus, incus, and stapes"
B)The auditory canal"
C)The tympanic membrane"
D)The cochlea"

Question 43

The ear is divided into ___ main sections.

A)Five"
B)Three"
C)Four"
D)Two"

Question 44

The cochlea is filled with:

A)Small bones"
B)Wax"
C)Fluid"
D)None of the above"

Question 45

The basilar membrane runs along the length of the:

A)Auditory canal"
B)Pinna"
C)Cochlea"
D)Incus"

Question 46

The inner hair cells are critical to hearing as they transduce sound into:

A)Waves"
B)Vibrations"
C)Electrical signals"
D)Fluid"

Question 47

The inner hair cells of the auditory system are like the _____ of the visual system in that they are both sensory transducers.

A)Retinal ganglion cells"
B)Optic nerves"
C)Visual cortexes"
D)Photoreceptors"

Question 48

Within the cochlea, the smaller and tighter basil end registers _____ frequencies.

A)Quieter"
B)Higher"
C)Lower"
D)Louder"

Question 49

Higher frequencies are registered in the the cochlea within the:

A)Larger, floppier, apex end"
B)Smaller and tighter basil end"
C)Both of the above"
D)Neither of the above"

Question 50

Within the cochlea, the larger, floppier apex end registers _____ frequencies.

A)Higher"
B)Quieter"
C)Lower"
D)Louder"

Question 51

The hairs in the cochlea are arranged:

A)Retinotopically"
B)In a salt and pepper pattern"
C)Tonotopically"
D)Somatotopically"

Question 52

Individual hair cells in the cochlea contain ______ within vesicles.

A)Potassium"
B)Sodium"
C)Neurotransmitter"
D)Calcium"

Question 53

The hair cells inside the cochlea depolarize when the ____ channels are opened.

A)Calcium"
B)Sodium"
C)Neurotransmitter"
D)Potassium"

Question 54

If the potassium channels of the cochlear hair cells are closed, the ____ will also be closed.

A)Auditory canal"
B)Calcium channels"
C)Sodium channels"
D)Pinna"

Question 55

The auditory nerve connects the cochlear inner hair cells to the cochlear nuclei in the:

A)Oval window"
B)Incus"
C)Tympanic membrane"
D)Brainstem"

Question 56

The cochlear nerve is also called the:

A)Basil nerve"
B)Corti nerve"
C)Auditory nerve"
D)Apex nerve"

Question 57

After passing through the auditory nerve, sound information enters the:

A)Stapes"
B)Cochlear nerve"
C)Cochlea"
D)Cochlear nuclei"

Question 58

After traveling to the cochlear nuclei, sound information will move into the:

A)Cochlear nerve"
B)Olivary nuclei"
C)Cochlea"
D)Auditory nerve"

Question 59

An individual may benefit from the use of a hearing aid if there has been damage to the:

A)Primary auditory cortex"
B)Outer or middle ear"
C)Temporal lobes"
D)Inner ear"

Question 60

An individual may benefit from a cochlear implant if there has been damage to the:

A)Middle ear"
B)Tympanic membrane"
C)Outer ear"
D)Cochlea"

Question 61

Damage to the parts of the auditory system that follow the inner ear often result in the inability to:

A)Maintain Balance"
B)Process sound"
C)Determine location in space"
D)Hear"

Question 62

The inability to process sound may occur after damage to the:

A)Primary auditory cortex"
B)Pinna"
C)Post-inner ear auditory system"
D)Outer ear"

Question 63

Damage to the primary auditory cortex on one side of the brain leads to an inability to:

A)Distinguish amplitude"
B)Balance"
C)Locate the source of a sound"
D)Determine pitch"

Question 64

The inability to locate the source of sound may occur after damage to the:

A)Post-inner ear auditory system"
B)Outer ear"
C)Primary auditory cortex"
D)None of the above"

Question 65

Just as with the visual system, the higher one moves through the auditory system, the more _____ is happening, rather than sensing.

A)Rejecting"
B)Reflecting"
C)Perceiving"
D)Generating"

Question 66

In general, it is easier for humans to hear louder sounds and ____ frequencies.

A)Short-wave"
B)Lower"
C)Higher"
D)None of the above"

Question 67

Differences between what your two ears sense (such as loudness) are called:

A)Cochlear differentiation"
B)Interaural differences"
C)Biaural differences"
D)Extra-aural differences"

Question 68

When listening to a sound with high frequency, your brain looks for differences in interaural ______ to determine sound localization.

A)Wave-length"
B)Pitch"
C)Volume"
D)None of the above"

Question 69

The inner ear is an important player in both your sense of hearing and your sense of:

A)Touch"
B)Pain"
C)Smell"
D)Balance"

Question 70

Movement, acceleration, and head position relative to gravity are all connected to the:

A)Middle ear"
B)Vestibular system"
C)Ear drum"
D)Outer ear"

Question 71

The vestibular system is connected to:

A)Head position relative to gravity"
B)Movement"
C)Acceleration"
D)All of the above"

Question 72

The three semicircular canals are adjacent to the:

A)Malleus"
B)Tympanic membrane"
C)Cochlea"
D)Oval window"

Question 73

The three semicircular canals sense:

A)Pitch and amplitude"
B)Head tilt and linear acceleration"
C)Head rotation and angular acceleration"
D)Sound localization"

Question 74

Humans are able to keep their eyes focused on a target despite movement with help from the:

A)Pinna"
B)Caloric vestibular stimulation"
C)Tympanic membrane"
D)Vestibulo-ocular reflexes"

Question 75

The somatosensory system is responsible for sensing:

A)The functioning of internal organs"
B)Touch, temperature, and pain"
C)Body position"
D)All of the above"

Question 76

The sense of touch is made up of the abilities to sense:

A)Temperature"
B)Pressure"
C)Vibration"
D)All of the above"

Question 77

Pressure and vibration are sensed by the:

A)Thermoreceptors"
B)Chemoreceptors"
C)Mechanoreceptors"
D)Nociceptors"

Question 78

The two types of mechanoreceptors found in deeper layers of skin are:

A)Muscle spindles"
B)Golgi tendon organs"
C)Pacinian corpuscles and Ruffini's endings"
D)Meissner's corpuscles and Merkel's disks"

Question 79

Rapidly adapting receptors (such as Meissner's and Pacinian corpuscles) are better suited for responding to _____ stimuli.

A)High-amplitude"
B)High-frequency"
C)Low-amplitude"
D)Low-frequency"

Question 80

Congenital analgesia is the inability to:

A)Sense balance"
B)Touch with the use of your fingertips"
C)Feel pain"
D)Hear high frequencies"