Deck 4: Perceptual development

Question 1

Sensitivity to odours reaches adult levels at what age?

A) 6 years
B) 4 years
C) 10 years
D) 1 year

Answer 1

6 years

Question 2

Physiological evidence suggests that which of the senses is thought to be the first sensory system to develop?

A) touch
B) smell
C) hearing
D) sight

Answer 2

smell

Question 3

Infants show surprise when information they receive from one sense contradicts information they receive from another sense.These findings are evidence for ______________ in very young infants. 20)______

A) perception
B) sensation
C) intermodal perception
D) top-down processing

Answer 3

intermodal perception

Question 4

It has been argued that,for infants and young children,the sense of ________ is more important than vision.

A) taste
B) hearing
C) smell
D) touch

Question 5

Being able to distinguish between a sharp sound and a dull sound reveals:

A) visual perception
B) visual scanning
C) sensation
D) perception

Question 6

Evidence suggests that size constancy emerges at what age?

A) in utero
B) three months
C) soon after birth
D) six months

Question 7

________ is the way individuals interpret or make sense of sensations.

A) Intermodal perception
B) Visual scanning
C) Cognition
D) Perception

Question 8

Infants are able to perceive different aspects of musical structure by what age?

A) 24 months
B) 12 months
C) 6 months
D) 18 months

Question 9

Infant sensitivity to sounds depends on what factor?

A) pitch
B) volume
C) both A and B are correct
D) none of these answers is correct

Question 10

Kiera's mum is her primary caregiver.At what age will she show a preference for novel female faces over male faces?

A) five months
B) seven months
C) one month
D) three months

Question 11

The cue to depth and distance perception produced by integration of the slightly different images received by each eye are:

A) motion parallax
B) binocular depth cues
C) pictorial distance cues
D) kinetic cues

Question 12

Foetal hearing is measured behaviourally by measuring a foetus's:

A) brain activity
B) heart rate
C) movements
D) all of these answers are correct

Question 13

A method of studying infant perception is:

A) preferential-looking technique
B) habituation-dishabituation technique
C) not possible due to lack of language at this age
D) both A and B are correct

Question 14

What is a typical reaction from a young infant who is presented with food odours rated as unpleasant by adults?

A) spitting movements
B) turning down of mouth
C) arched lips
D) all of these answers are correct

Question 15

Infants' reaction to a painful event or stimulus is not always a direction indication of pain.It is also a response to:

A) auditory perception
B) poor coping mechanisms
C) social cues
D) tactile stimulation

Question 16

What theory emphasises the way that knowledge affects perception?

A) environmental theory
B) cognitive developmental theories
C) biological theory
D) ethological theory

Question 17

By one month old,newborns are able to combine visual and oral experiences.This is an example of:

A) integrated perception
B) combined perception
C) intermodal perception
D) interdependent perception

Question 18

The 'visual cliff' experiment is used to assess an infant's:

A) scared response
B) visual acuity
C) spatial awareness
D) depth perception

Question 19

A theory of sensory and perceptual development that emphasises the role of experience in perceptual development is:

A) learning theory
B) ethological theory
C) cognitive development theory
D) both A and C are correct

Question 20

When a baby is touched,which of the following is likely to occur?

A) a reduction in distress
B) an increase in positive emotions
C) increased breathing rate
D) both A and B are correct

Question 21

Forty to fifty percent of our cerebral cortex is involved in visual processing.

Question 22

Images that are projected onto our retina are three-dimensional.

Question 23

Early experience of smells drives a child's olfactory development in terms of aversions and preferences.

Question 24

The Faces Pain Scale is a reliable scale to assess the intensity of a four-year old child's pain.

Question 25

It is assumed that babies may become familiar with certain sound patterns of their mother's voice whilst in the womb.

Question 26

Define sensation and perception and provide an example of both.

Question 27

In response to a sound,babies may tighten their eyelids and increase their breathing.

Question 28

When a newborn diverts his attention to a novel sound,this is an example of intermodal exploration.

Question 29

From four months of age,infants show an understanding of what various facial expressions mean and how to respond to them.

Question 30

Haptic perception refers to the way that children use their sense of vision to explore the sensory qualities of objects.

Question 31

Infants prefer to look at 'bottom-heavy' objects rather than 'top-heavy' objects.

Question 32

A 'top-down' approach to perception emphasises the way complex processes such as thinking and reasoning affect our sensory input interpretation.

Question 33

Depth and distance perception is almost as accurate in four year olds as it is in adults.

Question 34

Children typically become sensitive to pictorial distance cues at five months of age.

Question 35

Infants prefer salty tastes,whereas children aged four months prefer sweeter tastes.

Question 36

Preferences for certain smells are present within the first few weeks of life.

Question 37

As a researcher you want to investigate the development of colour vision in newborns and infants. Explain how you would go about doing this.

Question 38

Motion parallax is a kinetic cue for depth,whereby objects that are closer appear to move faster than objects that are further away.

Question 39

The colour vision of a three-month-old infant is similar to that of an adult.

Question 40

One of the most influential ecological accounts or perceptual development was proposed by James and Eleanor Gibson.

Question 41

Discuss the methodological challenges and limitations in researching the sensory systems of young infants.

Question 42

Compare and contrast the key distinctions between learning theory,cognitive developmental theory and ethological theories of perceptual development.

Question 43

Discuss two recent research findings in the area of infant/children's pain.