Deck 11: Human Trafficking Across Borders

Question 1

According to the Palermo Protocol, which of the following are included in the definition of exploitation?

A) Sex Tourism
B) Forced labor
C) Removal of organs
D) A and B
E) B and C

Answer 1

E

Question 2

What do religious and feminist abolitionists believe in regards to women's trafficking?

A) They see prostitution as a form of patriarchal oppression that victimizes women
B) They advocate for women's agency and their right to engage in sex work
C) They oppose prostitution regardless of whether a woman consented
D) A and C
E) All of the above

Answer 2

D

Question 3

What is considered to be a "pull" factor for the continuation of human trafficking?

A) The feminization of poverty
B) Demands for low-cost skilled and unskilled labor
C) Gender/ethnic discrimination
D) Political instability

Answer 3

B

Question 4

What is considered to be a "push factor" for the continuation of human trafficking?

A) The feminization of poverty
B) Socio-economic destitution
C) Internal conflict
D) All of the above

Question 5

According to the Dept. of State's 2005 Trafficking in Persons (TIP) report, what percent of trafficked persons are women?

A) 40%
B) 60%
C) 80%
D) 95%

Question 6

Which model of trafficking is used by the Chinese largely for labor exploitation through rigidly controlling forms of debt bondage?

A) Trade and development model
B) Violent entrepreneur model
C) Supermarket model
D) Traditional slave model

Question 7

Which model of trafficking is comprised of post Soviet organized crime networks that usually take girls from orphanages and children's homes to sell them?

A) Trade and development model
B) Natural resource model
C) Violent entrepreneur model
D) American pimp model

Question 8

Which model of trafficking comprises Balkan crime groups who traffic almost exclusively in women and then located them in Western European brothels?

A) Trade and development mode
B) Natural resource model
C) Violent entrepreneur model
D) Supermarket model

Question 9

Which model of trafficking advocates for the seizing of persons living on the margins of society including young runaways, street people, the homeless, and girls from malls and bars?

A) Violent entrepreneur model
B) American pimp model
C) Natural resource model
D) Traditional slave model

Question 10

Which model of trafficking moves large numbers of persons at a low cost per person, particularly along the U.S-Mexico border?

A) Trade and development model
B) Traditional slave model
C) Supermarket model
D) American pimp model

Question 11

Which model of trafficking operates out of West Africa and trades women and drugs to Italy where the Nigerian Diaspora is represented among the immigrant community?

A) Natural resource model
B) Traditional slave model
C) Trade and development model
D) Violent entrepreneur model

Question 12

Educated Eastern European women are NOT enticed by which of the following job offers in more developed countries?

A) Nannies
B) Hotel maids
C) Waitresses
D) Caregivers for the elderly

Question 13

Because they oftentimes lack documentation, which of the following explains why they fail to seek assistance from local authorities?

A) They do not speak the local language and cannot communicate with law enforcement
B) They have been told that escape attempts will lead to the punishment of their families
C) They may come from a country where police are feared
D) All of the above

Question 14

In which region of the world are trafficked persons controlled through witchcraft and oaths of protection?

A) Latin America
B) Africa
C) Southeast Asia
D) Eastern Europe

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT true in regards to the sex tourism industry?

A) It is experienced mostly in Eastern Europe
B) It began with prostitution associated with U.S. military bases in the late 1960s
C) It contributes to the "eroticization of the ethnic and cultural Other"
D) Tourists wish to believe that the act is voluntary and permitted by local value systems

Question 16

Which country does NOT contribute a large amount of male tourists to the sex tourism industry?

A) Japan
B) China
C) The United States
D) Australia

Question 17

Which country takes organs from imprisoned persons following their executions and ships them to the United States?

A) Vietnam
B) Mexico
C) China
D) Guatemala

Question 18

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), what percentage of the kidneys transplanted annually are estimated to be from living donors who have been trafficked?

A) 5%
B) 10%
C) 15%
D) 20%

Question 19

In which country is organ trafficking NOT condoned and facilitated?

A) Egypt
B) India
C) Japan
D) Philippines

Question 20

Which country is known for arrangements between recruiters and orphanage directors to regularly deliver orphans who have reached age 18 to traffickers?

A) India
B) Russia
C) Romania
D) Vietnam

Question 21

Which of the following trends is true in regards to Russia's status after the breakup of the Soviet Union?

A) Russia's GDP declined by 34% between 1991 and 1995
B) Women's income in Russia fell from 70% of a man's income in 1989 to just over 40% in 1995
C) Rates of human trafficking have decreased since 1989
D) A and B
E) B and C

Question 22

Which of the following is NOT a major country from which persons are trafficked to Western Europe?

A) Nigeria
B) Bulgaria
C) Turkey
D) Moldova

Question 23

Which of the following Western European countries is NOT one of the top five destinations for trafficked persons?

A) Italy
B) Greece
C) Germany
D) France

Question 24

Which factors does NOT shape human trafficking in the United States?

A) The history of slavery
B) Historically lax immigration restrictions
C) Severe drug abuse
D) Role of religion

Question 25

Which of the following was an affect of the Immigration Reform and Control Act in the United States?

A) Creation of sanctions against employers who hired undocumented immigrants
B) Expansion of Border Patrol
C) Legalized status of 2 million undocumented people already living in the United States
D) A and B
E) All of the above

Question 26

Which country is the center for child adoption trafficking with 1000-1500 babies being trafficked annually?

A) Russia
B) Guatemala
C) Nigeria
D) Philippines

Question 27

Which of the following is NOT one of the three distinct strategies of countering human trafficking?

A) Prevention of trafficking
B) Protection and support of victims
C) Prosecution of traffickers
D) Legislation of anti-trafficking policy

Question 28

Which of the following is true in regards to the U.S. "T" visa?

A) It is only issued to women who have been rescued from human trafficking
B) It allows victims to stay in the U.S. for 3 years if they cooperate in efforts to prosecute traffickers
C) It provides victims with the possibility to remain permanently in the U.S.
D) A and B
E) B and C

Question 29

What are some of the possible outcomes awaiting rescued victims upon being rescued and repatriated?

A) They may suffer rejection by his/her home community for bringing shame to the group
B) They may suffer the same economic hardships that prompted the trafficking
C) They become highly susceptible to being re-trafficked
D) All of the above

Question 30

Based on the 2003 report by experts to the U.N. Commission on the Status of Women found that after ten years of anti-trafficking interventions in the Balkans, human trafficking had __________.

A) Increased
B) Decreased
C) Remained stable
D) Become more profitable

Question 31

Which of the following is true in regards to the country reports assessed by TVPA in regards to compliance with U.S. trafficking policies?

A) Tier 1 is considered to be the lowest level of compliance
B) Tier 3 is considered to be full compliance
C) TVPA assesses each country in comparison to the Palermo Protocol
D) All of the above

Question 32

Which term best describes the process of victims working to pay off debt incurred in bringing them out of their country of origin and transporting them to the receiving State?

A) Labor trafficking
B) Indentured servitude
C) Debt bondage
D) White slavery

Question 33

Which term best describes the alleged abduction of European women by foreigners to work as prostitutes in South America, Africa, and Asia?

A) Sexual exploitation
B) White slavery
C) Indentured servitude
D) Debt bondage

Question 34

In which of the following situations do many sexually exploited women typically find themselves upon being trafficked?

A) Providing sexual services at brothels or bars
B) Child/adult pornography
C) Mail order brides
D) All of the above

Question 35

What field has been estimated by UNODC to rank second globally in terms of profit?

A) Drug trafficking
B) Human trafficking
C) Arms trafficking
D) Organized crime

Question 36

It is common for human trafficking recruiters to be personally known to the victim.

Question 37

Forced drug and alcohol ingestion is commonly used as a mechanism to control victims of labor trafficking.

Question 38

In Southeast Asia, sex tourism is viewed as a detriment to the country's national development.

Question 39

The organs most commonly trafficked are generally poor women's organs.

Question 40

Nepal engages in the trafficking of minors to use the children for their small fingers in the local carpet-making industry.

Question 41

The terms 'smuggling' and 'trafficking' can be used interchangeably.

Question 42

Expanding detention facilities and security marginalizes approaches like reducing poverty or providing opportunities to potential victims in states of origin.

Question 43

Due to increased funding, states' TIP report tier classifications have been drastically improving in the last decade.

Question 44

The Palermo Protocol takes no position on whether prostitution amounts to exploitation.

Question 45

The Human Rights Caucus contends that trafficking requires an element of force or deception.

Question 46

Explain the four stages of sex tourism in Southeast Asia, and how this evolution has contributed to the eroticization of the ethnic and cultural Other.

Question 47

What are some of the primary factors that contribute to human trafficking? Classify each of them as either a "push" or "pull" factor.

Question 48

Discuss three models of trafficking as a business. In what regions of the world are each of these models most utilized?