Deck 10: Transnational Crime

Question 1

Which of the following was NOT a factor that fostered the development of transnational crime?

A) The break-up of the Soviet Union
B) The Schengen Agreement
C) The Red Scare
D) The break-up of former Yugoslavia

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following was NOT a method used by Pablo Escobar and the Medellin cartel discussed by the text to transport cocaine?

A) Hollowing out candles and filling them with drugs
B) Filling refrigerators and TVs with 40 kilos of drugs and shipping them as regular freight
C) Mixing drugs with dried fish from Peru
D) Blending cocaine into plastic, metal and liquid products, and then reconstituting it

Answer 2

A

Question 3

What was the primary transportation utilized by the Medellin cartel to transport drugs?

A) Train
B) Air
C) Ships
D) Vehicles

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which U.S. president declared a "war on drugs"?

A) Reagan
B) Carter
C) Bush Sr.
D) Nixon

Question 5

Which of the following is not one of the three stages of the money laundering process?

A) Placement
B) Payment
C) Layering
D) Integration

Question 6

Which stage of the money laundering process includes the depositing of illegally earned money into the financial system in cash, buying high value retail goods, or smuggling cash out of the country?

A) Placement
B) Payment
C) Layering
D) Integration

Question 7

Which stage of the money laundering process attempts to disguise the source and ownership of funds by undertaking multiple financial transactions?

A) Placement
B) Payment
C) Layering
D) Integration

Question 8

Which stage of the money laundering process includes the merging of illegal cash into the legitimate economy?

A) Placement
B) Payment
C) Layering
D) Integration

Question 9

Which of the following terms best describes the movement of small amounts of cash through different channels?

A) Smurfing
B) Microstructuring
C) Hawala
D) Offshore financial centers

Question 10

Which of the following terms best describes the breaking down of large transactions into smaller ones to avoid detection?

A) Smurfing
B) Microstructuring
C) Hawala
D) Offshore financial centers

Question 11

Which of the following terms best describes the informal money transfer system that operates domestically and internationally which does not rely on banks?

A) Smurfing
B) Microstructuring
C) Hawala
D) Offshore financial centers

Question 12

Which of the following terms best describes the offering of financial services to non-residents with lax regulatory regimes where companies can be formed rapidly and shares held anonymously?

A) Smurfing
B) Microstructuring
C) Hawala
D) Offshore financial centers

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT true in regards to the 2014 report on trading in endangered species?

A) Price of ivory has hugely increased from $5/kg in 1989 to $2,100/kg in 2014
B) 20,000 elephants are illegally poached for ivory every year
C) South Africa is the largest market for both licit and illicit ivory
D) None of the above

Question 14

Which type of cybercrime deceives internet users into disclosing personal information in response to an unsolicited request for assistance, usually sent by email?

A) Fraud
B) Payment system fraud
C) Phishing attacks
D) Forgery/counterfeiting

Question 15

Which type of cybercrime involves the piracy of software and violations of copyright?

A) Denial of service attack
B) Hacking
C) Phishing attacks
D) Forgery/counterfeiting

Question 16

Which type of cybercrime involves gaining unauthorized access to a computer system intending to commit another crime such as destroying information held in that computer?

A) Hacking
B) Cracking
C) Payment system fraud
D) Forgery/counterfeiting

Question 17

Which type of cybercrime involves extortion and cyberstalking?

A) Dissemination of offensive material
B) Denial of service attack
C) Threatening communications
D) Identity-related crime

Question 18

Which factors contribute to cybercrime as transnational crime?

A) Rapid communication
B) Capacity to encrypt messages
C) Absence of personal contact
D) All of the above

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a critique of the concept of transnational crime?

A) The key notion of ethnically-based criminal activities
B) Absence of significant empirical research
C) The trend does not apply to all regions of the world
D) Corrupt political officials provide a protective umbrella

Question 20

Which category of transnational crime includes the smuggling of products, especially tobacco, alcohol and meat?

A) Organized
B) Corporate
C) Professional
D) Political

Question 21

Which category of transnational crime includes tax evasion, social security fraud, and violation of intellectual property rights?

A) Organized
B) Corporate
C) Professional
D) Political

Question 22

Which category of transnational crime includes major theft, fraud, kidnapping, and piracy?

A) Organized
B) Corporate
C) Professional
D) Political

Question 23

Which category of transnational crime includes terrorist activity, circumventing UN sanctions or genocide?

A) Organized
B) Corporate
C) Professional
D) Political

Question 24

Which country currently produces about 80% of the world's supply of cocaine?

A) Bolivia
B) Colombia
C) Mexico
D) Peru

Question 25

Which country contains the world's largest opium poppy cultivation?

A) Turkey
B) Iran
C) Afghanistan
D) Pakistan

Question 26

In the Americas, which drug is considered to be most prominent?

A) Cocaine
B) Cannabis
C) Opium
D) Psychotropic substances

Question 27

How many units of light weapons and small arms are produced around the world every year?

A) 2 million
B) 8 million
C) 15 million
D) 22 million

Question 28

What region of the world has suffered the most in the modern era from gun violence?

A) North America
B) South America
C) Eastern Europe
D) Sub-Saharan Africa

Question 29

Which of the following countries does NOT possess nuclear weapons?

A) China
B) Iran
C) France
D) Israel

Question 30

What is considered to be the third largest enterprise after the oil trade and foreign exchange?

A) Money laundering
B) Drug trafficking
C) Arms trafficking
D) Nuclear smuggling

Question 31

Which of the following countries is NOT known for harboring offshore financial centers?

A) Aruba
B) Barbados
C) Trinidad and Tobago
D) Cayman Islands

Question 32

According to the UNODC, how many people become victims of identity theft each year?

A) 500,000
B) 1.5 million
C) 3 million
D) 5 million

Question 33

Which of the following was considered to be a "forward looking approach to the fight against organized crime"?

A) International Crime Control Strategy
B) Organized Crime Threat Assessment
C) 24/7 Network
D) International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism

Question 34

Which of the following created the International Narcotics Control Board in 1961?

A) Convention on Psychotropic Substances
B) UN Convention Against Illicit Drugs and Psychotropic Substances
C) Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs
D) UN Office on Drugs and Crime

Question 35

Which of the following is NOT one of the 19 categories of transnational crime?

A) Airplane hijacking
B) Insurance fraud
C) Genocide
D) Environmental crime

Question 36

About 60% of heroin seized in the U.S. originates in Colombia.

Question 37

The U.S. has not invested any money into efforts to counter drug trafficking in South America.

Question 38

Drug trafficking is the world's third largest enterprise after the oil trade and foreign exchange.

Question 39

The Swiss Bank is now required to disclose cross border account holder information to the U.S. government.

Question 40

Trading in endangered species is in the region of $5 billion annually.

Question 41

Types of narco-terrorism can include kidnapping, extortion, and assassination.

Question 42

The events of 9/11 gave huge urgency to the international suppression of the financing of terrorism.

Question 43

Phishing attacks include gaining unauthorized access to a computer system intending to commit another crime such as destroying information held in the computer.

Question 44

Arms brokers are representative of the sellers and buyers in arms trafficking transactions.

Question 45

Russia holds the largest stocks of weapons-usable fissile materials.

Question 46

Name and define three different types of cybercrime.

Question 47

What are some of the primary factors that contributed to the evolution of transnational crime throughout the 20^th century? How did these shape the current status of transnational crime?

Question 48

Discuss some of the anti-trafficking strategies employed by the United States. Are they considered to be effective? Why or why not?