Deck 12: Psychological problems and development

Question 1

Which of the following is not considered a positive symptom of schizophrenia?

A) blunted affect or unresponsive mood
B) disorganised speech
C) catatonic immobility
D) presence of abnormal behaviour

Answer 1

blunted affect or unresponsive mood

Question 2

Which of the following behaviours is common in the developmental progression of ADHD?

A) restlessness throughout one's life course
B) poor social skills in preschool that eventually improve in primary school
C) average academic performance
D) impulsive symptoms seem to decrease during primary school

Answer 2

restlessness throughout one's life course

Question 3

Purging techniques and the misuse of laxatives and diuretics to prevent weight gain are collectively referred to as:

A) inappropriate compensatory behaviours
B) weight-loss techniques
C) bingeing behaviour
D) compensatory management behaviours

Answer 3

inappropriate compensatory behaviours

Question 4

An individual presents with a pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships,self-image and marked impulsivity.(S)he also engages in self-harming behaviour.A possible diagnosis may be:

A) borderline personality disorder
B) narcissistic personality disorder
C) avoidant personality disorder
D) histrionic personality disorder

Question 5

Individuals diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)demonstrate difficulties with:

A) impulse control
B) regulating motor activity
C) sustained attention
D) all of these answers are correct

Question 6

Which of the following is a possible explanation for schizophrenia?

A) environmental stressors
B) brain structural abnormalities
C) genetic factors
D) all of these answers are correct

Question 7

The tendency to be easily distracted by irrelevant things is termed:

A) attentional deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
B) poor theory of mind
C) executive dysfunction
D) attentional deficit disorder

Question 8

Which of the following statements is false?

A) bulimia nervosa is more responsive to treatment than anorexia nervosa.
B) bulimia nervosa tends to develop slightly earlier than anorexia nervosa.
C) individuals with bulimia nervosa are typically within the normal weight range.
D) the prevalence of bulimia nervosa is twice as high as anorexia nervosa.

Question 9

Charlie is seven-years-old,is enrolled in Year 2 at a local school but refuses to go because of his fear of separation from his mum.The most likely diagnosis is:

A) social anxiety disorder
B) agoraphobia
C) specific phobia
D) separation anxiety disorder

Question 10

According to the psychodynamic approach to psychopathology,intrapsychic conflict between the id,ego and superego results in:

A) neurotic anxiety
B) psychotic features
C) depression.
D) the presence of defence mechanisms

Question 11

The most successful intervention for treating autism is:

A) operant conditioning
B) modelling
C) firm discipline
D) both A and B are correct

Question 12

Any given factor,such as childhood maltreatment,will function differently in different individuals and may lead to multiple outcomes in adolescence or adulthood.This refers to the principle of:

A) multifinality
B) equifinality
C) sublimation
D) dynamics

Question 13

Of the following psychological problems,which is the least associated with childhood?

A) attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
B) autism
C) schizophrenia
D) none of these answers is correct

Question 14

Antipsychotic drugs,or neuroleptics,have been found to significantly reduce schizophrenic symptoms because they block what type of receptors?

A) norepinephrine
B) serotonin
C) dopamine
D) both A and C are correct

Question 15

The DSM-5 is organised according to:

A) alphabetical order of disorders
B) developmental and lifespan considerations
C) the causes of various disorders
D) both B and C are correct

Question 16

According to Beck,the 'negative triad' includes a negative view of:

A) the self, work and family
B) the self, world and future
C) the past, present and future
D) the self, world and life

Question 17

Developmental psychopathology is the study of:

A) how psychological problems arise
B) how psychological problems change with time
C) childhood disorders
D) both A and B are correct

Question 18

Beliefs that seem real to an individual but are not real are called:

A) tardive dyskinesia
B) hallucinations
C) delusions
D) false memories

Question 19

Antipsychotic drugs have been found to reduce symptoms of schizophrenia but this relief does not come without negative side effects.Which of the following are common side effects of 'atypical' antipsychotic drugs?

A) increased health problems
B) tardive dyskinesia
C) excessive weight gain
D) all of these answers are correct

Question 20

A defense mechanism which involves redirecting potentially maladaptive feelings into more constructive or creative outlets,such as work or sport,is called:

A) multifinality
B) sublimation
C) substitution
D) repression

Question 21

It is estimated that approximately 10% to 15% of Australian children are affected by attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Question 22

Biological theories of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)propose that it is caused by a genetic component.

Question 23

The developmental pathways leading to any particular disorder are unidimensional and static.

Question 24

Enmeshment,overprotectiveness and rigidity are three characteristics of family dynamics that might relate to the development of eating disorders.

Question 25

Which of the following statements is false about parents with anxious children?

A) maternal distress is associated with advanced avoidance in anxious children
B) paternal overinvolvement decreases anxious children's autonomy
C) paternal overinvolvement has a less important relationship to childhood anxiety than maternal overinvolvement
D) they are more likely to become overinvolved to reduce their child's distress

Question 26

Almost a third of teenagers who have severe autistic symptoms as children begin having seizures as adolescents,suggesting a biological basis for autism.

Question 27

Anorexia nervosa is more difficult to detect than bulimia nervosa because individuals affected are very good at being secretive about their behaviours.

Question 28

According to research,parental attachment rather than peer attachment is more influential in predicting later depression in adolescents.

Question 29

Anorexia nervosa rarely begins before puberty.However,if it does,the disturbance tends to be more severe than if onset is during mid-to-late adolescence.

Question 30

Many people with schizophrenia improve enough to lead independent,satisfying lives.

Question 31

Most biological interventions in common use are derived from knowledge of what causes a given psychological problem.

Question 32

Which of the following is not a factor that is associated with children's resilience to psychological problems?

A) intelligence
B) physical health
C) responsive parents
D) a supportive community

Question 33

Social cognition is the mental representation of oneself and one's relationships.

Question 34

Families of children with eating disorders lack involvement and intimacy.

Question 35

People often think that a classification of a psychological disorder classifies a person rather than their disorder

Question 36

Classical conditioning was originally proposed by Watson.

Question 37

Co-morbidity occurs when a mental disorder is related with death,such as Alzheimer's.

Question 38

The psychodynamic approach focuses on neurotic depression.

Question 39

Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT)has been found to be particularly effective in treating borderline personality disorder.

Question 40

Personality disorders have been well researched and are well understood.

Question 41

Lifestyle factors,such as smoking,have no impact on developing anxiety disorders.

Question 42

Resilience is considered to be a fixed characteristic of an individual.

Question 43

Describe the risk and protective factors that have been identified to increase or decrease an individual's likelihood of developing an eating disorder.What recommendations can you make for parents or teachers?

Question 44

What is resilience? Based on the literature,how can it serve as a protection against the development of psychological problems?

Question 45

The Eastern cultural ideal that equates feminine beauty with thinness has been blamed for the high incidence of eating disorders amongst women.

Question 46

Although there is no cure for schizophrenia,the outlook for those affected has improved over the past 25 years.Discuss the research evidence for the efficacy of psychosocial interventions and pharmacotherapy.When would one treatment be used over the other and what are the pros and cons of each?

Question 47

Describe how certain psychological problems are strongly influenced by cultural contexts.

Question 48

When high expressed emotion is reduced in the family,the relapse of schizophrenia is decreased.

Question 49

Discuss risk factors for the development of anxiety disorders at each age range.What potential therapeutic interventions are there that could decrease the chance that an individual develops an anxiety disorder?