Deck 3: Cybervictimization

Question 1

Victimology refers to the comprehensive scientific study of cybervictims, including the _________________.

A) victims' physical characteristics
B) behavior before, during, and after the crime
C) medical, psychological, and criminal history
D) victims' home life
E) all of the above

Answer 1

E

Question 2

___________ refers to the characteristics of a victim that make the individual more likely than others to become a victim of a crime.

A) Victim proneness
B) Victim contribution
C) Victim provocation
D) Victim profile
E) None of the above

Answer 2

A

Question 3

____________ refers to the activities of a victim that make the individual susceptible to crime.

A) Victim proneness
B) Victim contribution
C) Victim provocation
D) Victim profile
E) None of the above

Answer 3

B

Question 4

______ views the victim as the cause of his or her victimization.

A) Victim proneness
B) Victim contribution
C) Victim provocation
D) Victim profile
E) None of the above

Question 5

__________ is a theory of victimology.

A) Expected utility theory
B) Rational choice theory
C) Social control theory
D) Lifestyle exposure theory
E) All of the above

Question 6

_________ is a theory of victimology.

A) Social learning theory
B) Strain theory
C) Routine activity theory
D) Anomie theory
E) All of the above

Question 7

An individual whose personal and professional life does not expose the individual to crime is known as a ____________.

A) low-exposure victim
B) medium-exposure victim
C) high-exposure victim
D) low-exposure offender
E) high-exposure offender

Question 8

An individual whose personal and professional life can expose him or her to crime is known as a __________.

A) low-exposure offender
B) high-exposure offender
C) low-exposure victim
D) medium-exposure victim
E) high-exposure victim

Question 9

An individual whose personal and professional life continually exposes the individual to crime is known as a__________.

A) medium-exposure victim
B) high-exposure victim
C) low-exposure offender
D) high-exposure offender
E) low-exposure victim

Question 10

A _________ is a skilled cybercriminal and engages in meticulous planning and preparation before, during, and after a crime.

A) situational offender
B) modus operandi offender
C) contradictory offender
D) high-exposure offender
E) low-exposure offender

Question 11

_______ refers to the scientific study of online victimization, the impact of the cybercrime on the cybervictims, and the types of victims who experience cybercrime.

Question 12

______ holds that the victim is in some way responsible for the victimization.

Question 13

______ occurs when the victim experiences victimization from the negative attitudes and behaviors of others after the crime or cybercrime.

Question 14

______ holds that the lifestyle of a person determines whether he or she becomes a victim.

Question 15

______ refers to the vulnerability to detection and apprehension because of personality traits of the criminal and the environment within which the criminal operates.

Question 16

______ refers to the likelihood of detection and capture of an offender through the offender's MO.

Question 17

A ______ is an action of an offender that is designed to evade detection and capture by authorities.

Question 18

A ______ refers to offender behaviors that increase the likelihood of his or her detection and apprehension by authorities before, during, and after a crime.

Question 19

An individual who is a ______ has few skills and lacks the necessary foresight and planning before, during, and after the crime; as such, he or she is more likely to be detected by authorities.

Question 20

Routine activity theory holds that for crime to be committed, two elements must be present-a ______ and a ______-and one element must be absent, that is, a ______.

Question 21

A cybervictim can be a person, a public or private organization, or society at large.

Question 22

With primary cybervictimization, the victim is the indirect target of the crime secondary cybervictimization.

Question 23

With tertiary cybervictimization, the victim is the target of the cybercrime.

Question 24

Tertiary cybervictimization refers to the impact of cybercrime on society.

Question 25

The reality is that one profile does not fit all cybervictims, not even for similar cybercrimes.

Question 26

A target's suitability is determined by four criteria, value, inertia, visibility, and accessibility, which can be summed up by the acronym VIVA.

Question 27

Social guardianship refers to the measures taken to protect a user and his or her digital devices and frustrate the attempts of cybercriminals to commit crime.

Question 28

Physical guardianship refers to the presence of third parties that could discourage crime because of their presence.

Question 29

Criminogenic is the term used to describe a state or situation that causes or tends to cause crime.

Question 30

Passive physical guardianship includes protective measures that largely go unnoticed by users and automatically shape users' behaviors.