Deck 4: Cybercrime, Rational Choice, and Emotions: Punishment and Reduction of Cyberoffending

Question 1

Rational choice theory is derived from which theory?

A) Routine activity theory.
B) Economic theory of crime.
C) Lifestyle exposure theory.
D) Strain theory.
E) Anomie theory.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

____________ holds that a person will commit a crime if the expected gain of the illicit act exceeds the utility received by refraining from the conduct or engaging in other actions.

A) Routine activity theory
B) Lifestyle exposure theory
C) Strain theory
D) Economic theory of crime
E) Lifestyle exposure theory

Answer 2

D

Question 3

_________ involves making a clear, cool-headed ends-means calculation after considering all possible courses of action and carefully weighing the pros and cons of each one.

A) Procedural rationality
B) Specific rationality
C) Instrumental rationality
D) General rationality
E) Absolute rationality

Answer 3

A

Question 4

_________ involves comparing options based on their availability and choosing the one that will produce the highest utility.

A) Procedural rationality
B) Specific rationality
C) Instrumental rationality
D) General rationality
E) Absolute rationality

Question 5

Opponents of rational choice theory claim that ________________.

A) certain individuals do not have a choice when engaging in illicit acts
B) it cannot explain irrational behavior
C) it disregards emotions in the decision-making process
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Question 6

____________ claimed that rational choice theory disregards the role of emotions in an offender's decision to commit a crime.

A) Cesare Beccaria
B) Jeremey Bentham
C) Jack Katz
D) Gary Becker
E) Robert Merton

Question 7

The ______ perspective is past oriented.

A) retributive
B) utilitarian
C) incapacitated
D) rehabilitative
E) none of the above

Question 8

_________ seeks to inflict harm or deprivation on the offender for the harm or deprivation inflicted on the victim.

A) Deterrence
B) Rehabilitation
C) Retribution
D) Incapacitation
E) None of the above

Question 9

_______ holds that those who commit offenses deserve punishment and that the amount of punishment should be proportionate to the degree of wrongdoing.

A) Routine activity theory
B) Rational choice theory
C) Deserts-based theory
D) Economic theory of crime
E) Punishment theory

Question 10

From the perspective of utilitarians, punishment should seek to prevent future harm, which can be accomplished through _____________.

A) incapacitation
B) rehabilitation
C) deterrence
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Question 11

The view of crime as a rational choice is originally attributed to the __________.

Question 12

_______ holds that a criminal is a rational actor who engages in a cost-benefit analysis to determine whether he or she will commit a crime.

Question 13

________ is the penalty imposed on an individual by the criminal justice system for an offense committed.

Question 14

Retribution is justified on the principle of _________.

Question 15

________ is a form of punishment that seeks to discourage future offending.

Question 16

A ______ provides detailed information about who obtained the evidence, when and where the evidence was obtained, how it was obtained, and anyone who accessed the evidence and for what reasons it was accessed.

Question 17

_______ focuses on ways to reduce the opportunities for offending.

Question 18

_______ may cause offenders to change their tactics and targets, but not necessarily desist from the illicit activity.

Question 19

______ physically blocks third-party access to data by making the data unreadable.

Question 20

________ seeks to repair the harm done by the offender to the victim and the community.

Question 21

The classical school of criminology includes the work of Cesare Lombroso and Jeremy Bentham.

Question 22

Gary Becker equated crime to an outcome of expected utility theory.

Question 23

Neuroscience research has supported that emotions and rational thought are mutually exclusive.

Question 24

Neuroscience research has supported that an individual influenced by emotion is not capable of rational thought.

Question 25

Retributive thinking holds that the goal of punishment is to prevent something in the future.

Question 26

General deterrence seeks to dissuade a perpetrator of a crime from reoffending in the future.

Question 27

Absolute deterrence refers to the ability of the threat of punishment to prevent an individual from engaging in crime.

Question 28

For cyberdeterrence to work, three elements are required: severity, swiftness, and certainty of punishment.

Question 29

Letters rogatory are agreements between countries that dictate the type of assistance to be provided by each nation in criminal investigations and requests for extradition of cybercriminals.