Deck 11: Government, Regulation, and Business

Question 1

_________ is all about the rules governing business behaviour. It includes laws and acts, but also pertains to other forms of formal or informal rule-making and enforcement.

Answer 1

Regulation

Question 2

In what ways is government a stakeholder of business? Please select all that apply.

A) As a representative of citizens' interests, government restricts business.
B) As an actor with interests of its own, government is dependent on business.
C) As a representative of citizens' interests, government partners with business.
D) As an actor with interests of its own, government is in competition with business.

Answer 2

A,B,D

Question 3

Government is located between the interests of business and society. Complete the following table, which sets out the relationship in a little more detail.

Answer 3

The interests of business and society are not always the same, yet government is in a mutually-dependent relationship with both society and business. The main ethical issue for government thus lies in the need to carry out its mandate from society whilst also living up to its promises to its constituents.
Government provides society with = Regulation that protects their interests
Government receives from society = Consent and tolerance
Government provides business with = Profitable and stable economic framework
Government receives from business = Taxes, jobs, investment, etc.

Question 4

One of the numerous ways in which business can influence government is for it to engage in lobbying, which Crane et al define as an attempt by business to influence government decision-making through ______ _______ and persuasion.

Question 5

Which of the following do Crane et al not list as being a common issue in the context of privatization and deregulation?

A) Public-private partnerships (the profit maximization of business may conflict with effective public service provision).
B) Citizens turned consumers (provision of essential basic services).
C) Privatization profits (ensuring a fair price for formerly state-owned businesses).
D) Natural monopolies (access to networks that are natural monopolies, and prices for using these networks).

Question 6

Match the following statements about the effect of globalization on the context of business-government relations.
-Intensity of regulation in a national context

A) Decreasing intensity (e.g., deregulation, privatization)
B) Increasing intensity
C) Social actors (e.g., domestic companies, citizens)
D) Nation states (e.g., EU member states), private transnational actors (e.g., MNCs)

Question 7

Match the following statements about the effect of globalization on the context of business-government relations.
-Intensity of regulation in a globalized context

A) Decreasing intensity (e.g., deregulation, privatization)
B) Increasing intensity
C) Social actors (e.g., domestic companies, citizens)
D) Nation states (e.g., EU member states), private transnational actors (e.g., MNCs)

Question 8

Match the following statements about the effect of globalization on the context of business-government relations.
-Addressee of regulation in a national context

A) Decreasing intensity (e.g., deregulation, privatization)
B) Increasing intensity
C) Social actors (e.g., domestic companies, citizens)
D) Nation states (e.g., EU member states), private transnational actors (e.g., MNCs)

Question 9

Match the following statements about the effect of globalization on the context of business-government relations.
-Addressee of regulation in a globalized context

A) Decreasing intensity (e.g., deregulation, privatization)
B) Increasing intensity
C) Social actors (e.g., domestic companies, citizens)
D) Nation states (e.g., EU member states), private transnational actors (e.g., MNCs)

Question 10

Which of the following statements relating to global food and water sustainability is incorrect?

A) In the latter half of the 20th century water pollution caused by business became a key issue
B) Water pollution has been, in many cases, successfully addressed through regulation and oversight
C) Water pollution is still a major concern in rapidly industrialising countries such as China and India
D) The World Bank has typically pushed countries towards nationalisation of water supply due to issues with corruption, efficiency and poor-quality service

Question 11

Match the regulatory outcomes at national level with the regulatory actor group involved, in the following multi-actor setting.
-Government

A) National imperative regulation (e.g. 35-hour week in France)
B) Country-wide agreements with government (e.g. voluntary environmental agreements in place in many countries)
C) Country-wide agreements with CSOs (e.g. agreements between businesses and trades unions)
D) Country-wide multipartite agreements and projects (e.g. Covenant for Work in Germany)

Question 12

Match the regulatory outcomes at national level with the regulatory actor group involved, in the following multi-actor setting.
-Government and business

A) National imperative regulation (e.g. 35-hour week in France)
B) Country-wide agreements with government (e.g. voluntary environmental agreements in place in many countries)
C) Country-wide agreements with CSOs (e.g. agreements between businesses and trades unions)
D) Country-wide multipartite agreements and projects (e.g. Covenant for Work in Germany)

Question 13

Match the regulatory outcomes at national level with the regulatory actor group involved, in the following multi-actor setting.
-Business and CSO

A) National imperative regulation (e.g. 35-hour week in France)
B) Country-wide agreements with government (e.g. voluntary environmental agreements in place in many countries)
C) Country-wide agreements with CSOs (e.g. agreements between businesses and trades unions)
D) Country-wide multipartite agreements and projects (e.g. Covenant for Work in Germany)

Question 14

Match the regulatory outcomes at national level with the regulatory actor group involved, in the following multi-actor setting.
-Business, government and CSO

A) National imperative regulation (e.g. 35-hour week in France)
B) Country-wide agreements with government (e.g. voluntary environmental agreements in place in many countries)
C) Country-wide agreements with CSOs (e.g. agreements between businesses and trades unions)
D) Country-wide multipartite agreements and projects (e.g. Covenant for Work in Germany)

Question 15

Detomasi (2007) talks of 'global public policy networks,' in which 'the strengths of state, market, and civil society actors combine to create an effective international governance system that overcomes the weaknesses afflicting each individually.' What is the main instrument that is used in such networks to regulate the social, ethical, and environmental impacts of business?

A) Imperative regulation
B) Codes of conduct
C) Market-based instruments
D) Multipartite negotiated agreements

Question 16

One key political area of ________ has been ______ designed to tackle climate change. Predominately lead by the _________, a number of high profile conferences have been held over the last few decades, with varied success, due to issues such as differing perspectives on issues from emerging ________.

A) Sustainability, Tariffs, European Union, Countries
B) Sustainability, Legislation, United Nations, Economies
C) Global governance, Tariffs, United Nations, Countries
D) Global governance, Legislation, European Union, Economies

Question 17

When public companies are privatized, ethical issues regarding sale price do not arise.

Question 18

Which of the below is not a common argument advanced by industry in support of 'self-regulation'?

A) Industry can be an early-stage contributor to the language and terms of the regulations.
B) Tax benefits.
C) Cost-Effectiveness.
D) Faster achievement of regulatory objectives.

Question 19

The management of economic, social, ethical and environmental issues beyond national borders through rules, standards and norms and thus involving governments, international organizations, civil society and business is often called _______.

Question 20

Crane et al identify five different types of lobbying, of which four are below: match the different kinds with their different qualities.
-Atmosphere Setting

A) An awareness setting program intended to enhance government appreciation of industry issues and products.
B) Building up of relationships such that firms have up-to-date or 'advance' understanding of governmental trends or processes.
C) Lobbyists help inform policy-makers (who generally lack expertise in the subjects where they are legislating)
D) Lobbyists seek to guide legislators towards sympathetic sources of advice, counsel, and expertise.

Question 21

Crane et al identify five different types of lobbying, of which four are below: match the different kinds with their different qualities.
-Monitoring

A) An awareness setting program intended to enhance government appreciation of industry issues and products.
B) Building up of relationships such that firms have up-to-date or 'advance' understanding of governmental trends or processes.
C) Lobbyists help inform policy-makers (who generally lack expertise in the subjects where they are legislating)
D) Lobbyists seek to guide legislators towards sympathetic sources of advice, counsel, and expertise.

Question 22

Crane et al identify five different types of lobbying, of which four are below: match the different kinds with their different qualities.
-Information Provision

A) An awareness setting program intended to enhance government appreciation of industry issues and products.
B) Building up of relationships such that firms have up-to-date or 'advance' understanding of governmental trends or processes.
C) Lobbyists help inform policy-makers (who generally lack expertise in the subjects where they are legislating)
D) Lobbyists seek to guide legislators towards sympathetic sources of advice, counsel, and expertise.

Question 23

Crane et al identify five different types of lobbying, of which four are below: match the different kinds with their different qualities.
-Advocacy and influencing

A) An awareness setting program intended to enhance government appreciation of industry issues and products.
B) Building up of relationships such that firms have up-to-date or 'advance' understanding of governmental trends or processes.
C) Lobbyists help inform policy-makers (who generally lack expertise in the subjects where they are legislating)
D) Lobbyists seek to guide legislators towards sympathetic sources of advice, counsel, and expertise.

Question 24

A business led collaborative approach, typified by businesses enacting private regulation, which has a long tradition in Europe is known as ________.