Deck 2: The Nature and Measurement of Crime

Question 1

Offenses committed by a corporation's officers who pursue illegal activity in the corporation's name.

A)Blue-collar crime.
B)Political crime.
C)Street crime.
D)Corporate crime.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

A nonviolent criminal offense committed during the course of business for financial gain.

A)Blue-collar crime.
B)Street crime.
C)Corporate crime.
D)White-collar crime.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Criminologists use this term to refer to instances when a victim plays an active role in initiating conflict.

A)Instrumental violence.
B)Group violence.
C)Victim precipitation.
D)Chronic offender.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

This is the use of violence against a state or other political entity to coerce.

A)Serial murder.
B)Crimes against property.
C)Terrorism.
D)Assault.

Question 5

This involves the unlawful entry of a structure to commit a felony or theft.

A)Robbery.
B)Larceny/theft.
C)Breaking and entering.
D)Burglary.

Question 6

This involves the unlawful taking of another person's property.

A)Larceny.
B)Stealing.
C)Mugging.
D)Burglary.

Question 7

This is the most extensive and useful measure of crime available.

A)Self-report studies.
B)Victimization surveys.
C)Uniform Crime Reports.
D)Dark figure of crime.

Question 8

The sources of error in the UCR are .

A)Unintentional and forced.
B)Correct and incorrect.
C)Unintentional and intentional.
D)Accidental and forced.

Question 9

The number of Crime Index offenses divided by the population of an area is called the .

A)UCR.
B)Clearance rate.
C)Part I Offenses.
D)Crime rate.

Question 10

Homicides of a sequence of victims committed in three or more separate events over a period of time is .

A)Involuntary manslaughter.
B)A victimless crime.
C)Serial murder.
D)Mass murder.

Question 11

This is designed to gather data on each criminal act even if several acts are committed within the same complex of behavior.

A)Part II Offenses.
B)National Incident-based Reporting System.
C)Uniform Crime Reports.
D)FBI's 10 Most Wanted.

Question 12

ask crime victims about their experiences.

A)UCR studies.
B)Victimization surveys.
C)Self-report studies.
D)NIBRS surveys.

Question 13

Sexual activity, usually sexual intercourse, that is forced on another person without his or her consent, usually under threat of harm, is called .

A)Rape.
B)A misdemeanor.
C)None of the above.
D)Sexual assault.

Question 14

is sexual contact that is committed without the other party's consent or with a party who is not capable of giving consent.

A)All of the above.
B)Statutory rape.
C)Sexual assault.
D)Forcible rape.

Question 15

Here, individuals are asked to identify the types of offenses they have committed.

A)Uniform Crime Report studies.
B)Arraignments.
C)Self-report studies.
D)Victimization surveys.

Question 16

Which part of the crime picture do the UCR, self-report studies, and victimization studies tend to miss?

A)Corporate crime.
B)Drug sales.
C)Organized crime.
D)All of the above.

Question 17

Joel Best contended that perceptions of violence are constructed not by official measures of crime, but by .

A)Law enforcement.
B)The criminal justice system.
C)The Uniform Crime Reports.
D)The media.

Question 18

Nuisance-type offenses that reflect quality-of-life concerns for many people are called .

A)Crimes against property.
B)Crimes against the person.
C)Crimes against norms.
D)Crimes against public order.

Question 19

Violence that is used as a means to another criminal end is called .

A)Random violence.
B)Instrumental violence.
C)Victim precipitation.
D)Gang violence.

Question 20

This kind of offender is extremely rare.

A)Arsonist.
B)Serial murderer.
C)Burglar.
D)Mugger.

Question 21

Which is not a reason that a victim would not report an offense?

A)The victim may not know the offense happened.
B)The victim fears reprisal.
C)An offense may not be perceived as such.
D)The victim may have committed the offense.

Question 22

This annual FBI publication uses data from participating U.S. law enforcement agencies to summarize the incidence and rate of reported crime.

A)Ten Most Wanted List.
B)National Incident-based Reporting System.
C)Uniform Crime Reports.
D)Law Enforcement Officers Killed and Assaulted.

Question 23

The FBI classifies murder and non-negligent manslaughter, forcible rape, robbery, and aggravated assault as .

A)Crimes against humanity.
B)Sensational crimes.
C)Part II Offenses.
D)Violent crimes.

Question 24

The FBI currently classifies arson as a .

A)UCR Part II Offense.
B)NIBRS Group B Offense.
C)Property crime.
D)Violent crime.

Question 25

Which is not a recognized problem with victimization surveys?

A)Memory decay.
B)A lack of victims.
C)Telescoping.
D)Flaws in question wording.

Question 26

This sector of society typically suffers the least victimization but expresses the highest level of fear of crime.

A)Young males.
B)The elderly.
C)The poor.
D)Middle-age women.

Question 27

This recently classified social problem became established as a distinct and important issue for the criminal justice system.

A)Wilding.
B)Stalking.
C)Freeway violence.
D)Murder.

Question 28

According to Joel Best, which popular conception is part of the public's idea of random violence?

A)Pointlessness.
B)Patternlessness.
C)Deterioration of society.
D)All of the above.

Question 29

The advantage of the NIBRS over the UCR is that it allows law enforcement to precisely identify .

A)The characteristics of victims and perpetrators.
B)When and where an offense takes place.
C)The form of an offense.
D)All of the above.

Question 30

Rules, regulations, norms, folkways, and laws dictate what is acceptable and what will be sanctioned.

Question 31

The most severe penalties are reserved for those who commit offenses against the public order.

Question 32

Violence is never used as a means to another criminal end.

Question 33

Carjackings are considered robberies.

Question 34

Burglary and larceny are practically the same thing.

Question 35

Motor vehicle theft involves anything with a motor.

Question 36

Some criminal offenses involve no discernible victim.

Question 37

A victim may not want to report a crime for several reasons.

Question 38

Someday, criminologists will discover the dark figure of crime.

Question 39

There are several excellent and extensive means of measuring crime other than the Uniform Crime Reports.

Question 40

There are three sources of error in the Uniform Crime Reports.

Question 41

The NIBRS gathers data on only the major criminal act committed within a set of criminal acts.

Question 42

One method for trying to understand the level of unreported crime is victimization surveys.

Question 43

Self-report studies are not filtered through criminal justice system agencies.

Question 44

Often, people who fear crime the most are those least in danger of encountering it.

Question 45

In 2006, the FBI discontinued the Crime Index because it was found to be a poor indicator of the crime rate within jurisdictions.

Question 46

The types of property crime that the criminal justice system measures best are those in which the offender and victim do not know each other.

Question 47

More white-collar and corporate offenses go unnoticed and unrecorded than street offenses.

Question 48

The NIBRS classifies white-collar and corporate offenses in greater detail than the UCR.

Question 49

Victimization surveys do not attempt to create a comprehensive account of criminal offenses.

Question 50

Name two of three logistical obstacles to the effective and efficient measurement of crime.

Question 51

Calculate the crime rate in a city of 519,415 people that reported 44,896 criminal offenses in 2008.

Question 52

List some consistent complaints about the Uniform Crime Reports.

Question 53

What is the advantage of the NIBRS over the UCR?

Question 54

Give four reasons why measuring corporate and white-collar crime is a difficult task.

Question 55

List three problematic issues concerning the NIBRS.

Question 56

Why is it important for white-collar and corporate crime to be measured?

Question 57

The UCR provides good measures of what the police do. Victimization surveys provide the perspective of those who have suffered some loss. What is the advantage of self-report studies?

Question 58

What is a major problem with the anonymity of self-report studies?