Deck 16: Present and Emerging Trends: The Future of Criminal Justice

Question 1

Which is a difference between the war on terrorism and the war on drugs?

A)The war on terrorism has a clear and identifiable outside enemy.
B)An outside terrorist enemy does not enjoy U.S. legal protections.
C)The war on terrorism uses military weapons.
D)All of the above.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The "Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act" is also known as the .

A)Freedom Act.
B)USA Patriot Act.
C)Harrison Act.
D)Homeland Security Act.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Before the war on terrorism, there was a war on .

A)Drugs.
B)Crime.
C)Poverty.
D)All of the above.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which agencies were brought into the Department of Homeland Security?

A)Central Intelligence Agency.
B)Federal Bureau of Investigation.
C)National Security Agency.
D)None of the above.

Question 5

One of the criticisms of the war-on-crime metaphor is that it treats law enforcement officers as .

A)Soldiers.
B)Judges.
C)Civilians.
D)All of the above.

Question 6

The criminal justice system is .

A)Proactive.
B)Active.
C)Reactive.
D)Inactive.

Question 7

Which are two of the most controversial aspects of the USA Patriot Act?

A)Secret searches and the right to free speech.
B)Judicial review and secret searches.
C)The rights to free speech and to bear arms.
D)Judicial review and the right to bear arms.

Question 8

This act limits the government's ability to conduct domestic surveillance.

A)The Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968.
B)The Omnibus Crime Control Act.
C)The Patriot Act.
D)All of the above.

Question 9

One of the effects of the war on terrorism on local criminal justice agencies is .

A)The use of restorative justice.
B)Increased capacity.
C)Decreased capacity.
D)The use of broken-windows theory.

Question 10

This theoretical perspective focuses on nonviolence and social justice.

A)Broken windows.
B)Peacemaking criminology.
C)The war on crime.
D)Differential association.

Question 11

This alternative justice model uses community programs to repair the harm done by offenders.

A)Phrenology.
B)Community policing.
C)Restorative justice.
D)The war on drugs.

Question 12

This model suggests that the criminal justice system has been historically biased toward men.

A)Psychoanalysis.
B)Feminism.
C)Religious tradition.
D)Marxism.

Question 13

Critical traditions consider a number of social characteristics, including .

A)Social class.
B)Race.
C)Age.
D)All of the above.

Question 14

Which is not one of the levels of analysis to which peacemaking criminology is applicable?

A)Interpersonal.
B)Biological.
C)Intrapersonal.
D)Societal.

Question 15

This principle is the basis of the peacemaking pyramid.

A)Inclusion.
B)Categorical imperative.
C)Social justice.
D)Nonviolence.

Question 16

This principle is at the apex of the peacemaking pyramid.

A)Social justice.
B)Inclusion.
C)Categorical imperative.
D)Nonviolence.

Question 17

Who among the following did not use nonviolence to confront institutional injustice?

A)Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.
B)Mohandas Gandhi.
C)Jesus Christ.
D)Winston Churchill.

Question 18

This term means that a good solution to the problems of crime can only be attained using processes that embody peacemaking principles.

A)Correct means.
B)Ascertainable criteria.
C)Inclusion.
D)Categorical imperative.

Question 19

This term means everyone involved in a criminal justice process should understand the rules and procedures employed by the system.

A)Correct means.
B)Categorical imperative.
C)Ascertainable criteria.
D)Inclusion.

Question 20

When applied to peacemaking, this term means that every decision should be logical enough to be applied to other cases at other times.

A)Ascertainable criteria.
B)Inclusion.
C)Categorical imperative.
D)Correct means.

Question 21

A concern that must be considered before restorative justice programs become widely accepted is .

A)Due process.
B)Connections to the community.
C)The guise of neutrality.
D)All of the above.

Question 22

The most distinguishing aspect of restorative justice is its goal of widening the response to crime to include the _ .

A)Victims.
B)Community.
C)Executive branch of the government.
D)Police.

Question 23

These programs place the parties in a case together with a trained mediator who facilitates an interaction.

A)Victim-offender panels.
B)Victim-offender reconciliation programs.
C)Family group conferencing.
D)All of the above.

Question 24

These programs allow a victim to talk to a group of offenders to educate them about the damage their offenses have caused.

A)Victim-offender panels.
B)Family group conferencing.
C)Victim-offender reconciliation programs.
D)Offender lectures.

Question 25

Restorative justice is a way to apply to the criminal justice system and to the community.

A)Peacemaking criminology.
B)The war on crime.
C)The Patriot Act.
D)Zero tolerance.

Question 26

According to the principles of restorative justice, the criminal justice system is the primary means of society's response to crime.

Question 27

The criminal justice system is adequately equipped to ensure that social justice is always attained.

Question 28

According to the peacemaking perspective, defensive violence may be used as long as it is used as a last resort.

Question 29

The Bill of Rights places few limits on what the criminal justice system can do in pursuit of lawbreakers.

Question 30

Humanist traditions contribute little to peacemaking criminology.

Question 31

Religious perspectives are an important part of peacemaking criminology.

Question 32

The USA Patriot Act greatly expanded the government's authority to gather information.

Question 33

The USA Patriot Act authorizes government agents to search homes and property without prior or subsequent notification that the residence has been searched.

Question 34

The war on terrorism is much like the war on crime or the war on drugs.

Question 35

Since September 11, 2001, local criminal justice agencies have received increased attention and resources.

Question 36

The Plum Island Animal Disease Center is part of the Department of Homeland Security.

Question 37

The war on terrorism is making few changes in the criminal justice system.

Question 38

The police are reactive; soldiers are proactive.

Question 39

All terrorists are from the Middle East.

Question 40

The USA Patriot Act restricts federal latitude over the rights of citizens, aliens, and government agents.

Question 41

The Department of Homeland Security had been in the planning stages long before September 11.

Question 42

Under normal circumstances, the goals and targets of the military and the police typically intersect.

Question 43

The United States has both a high crime rate and an expensive, punitive criminal justice system.

Question 44

Peacemaking criminology is not a new concept.

Question 45

What is a "thought crime" and how may this concept present a new challenge to the future U.S. criminal justice system?

Question 46

Describe the basic structure of terrorist organizations, according to the federal government.

Question 47

What was the result of Boumediene v. Bush?

Question 48

List one reason that the FBI and CIA were not included in the Department of Homeland Security.

Question 49

According to some critics, how may California's crowded death row contravene the Eighth Amendment?

Question 50

List and define three steps of the peacemaking pyramid.