Deck 14: Juvenile Justice

Question 1

These seventeenth-century laws sent vagrants and abandoned children to landowners or shopkeepers as indentured servants.

A)Chancery laws.
B)Workhouse laws.
C)Poor laws.
D)Child laws.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

In England, this was established to assist in dispensing justice when common-law courts failed to resolve a case.

A)Juvenile court.
B)Statutory law court.
C)Chancery court.
D)Tort court.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

This term refers to the philosophy that the government is the ultimate guardian of all children.

A)Parens patriae.
B)Parens matriae.
C)Lex talionis.
D)Stare decisis.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

In which case did the Supreme Court set forth that the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments forbid imposition of the death penalty on offenders who were under the age of 18 when they committed their offenses?

A)Roper v. Simmons.
B)Breed v. Jones.
C)In re Gault.
D)Kent v. United States.

Question 5

In 1899, this state established the first U.S. juvenile court system.

A)Illinois.
B)New York.
C)Texas.
D)California.

Question 6

These were founded to help impoverished children, but were often dangerous places where older children preyed on younger children.

A)Orphan trains.
B)Juvenile courts.
C)Houses of refuge.
D)Workhouses.

Question 7

Which is the major difference between the modern adult criminal and juvenile courts?

A)Informal hearing.
B)Focus on rehabilitation.
C)Individualized justice.
D)All of the above.

Question 8

This is a session that takes place without a jury before a judge in which evidence and/or arguments are presented to determine some factual or legal issue.

A)Hearing.
B)Civil suit.
C)Disposition.
D)Trial.

Question 9

In which case did the courts reinstate some of the due-process rights of children?

A)Breed v. Jones.
B)Kent v. United States.
C)McKeiver v. Pennsylvania.
D)All of the above.

Question 10

In this case, the Supreme Court established that if incarceration or loss of freedom is possible, a case against a juvenile must be proved beyond a reasonable doubt.

A)In re Winship.
B)Breed v. Jones.
C)In re Gault.
D)Kent v. United States.

Question 11

In this case, the Supreme Court established juveniles' right to an attorney, as well as the right to confront accusers and protection from self-incrimination.

A)In re Winship.
B)Kent v. United States.
C)In re Gault.
D)Breed v. Jones.

Question 12

The juvenile justice system is responsible for dealing with .

A)Status offenders.
B)Children with bad grades.
C)Lonely children.
D)All of the above.

Question 13

Which of the following institutions is least connected to juvenile delinquency?

A)Poverty.
B)Schools.
C)Neighborhoods.
D)The media.

Question 14

Which is a major difference between the adult and juvenile justice systems?

A)The nature of the trial.
B)Protection from self-incrimination.
C)The right to an attorney.
D)All of the above.

Question 15

Cases enter the juvenile justice system by a process called a .

A)Hearing.
B)Warrant.
C)Charge.
D)Referral.

Question 16

Which is not a typical requirement for prehearing detention?

A)That the youth is accused of an offense against a person.
B)That the youth has run away from a court-ordered placement.
C)That the youth's parents ask the police to detain the youth.
D)That the youth is on probation, parole, or release from another charge.

Question 17

This is when the parties to a lawsuit accept a judge's order based on an agreement made by them instead of continuing the case through a trial or hearing.

A)Motion for agreement.
B)Referral.
C)Consent decree.
D)Bench trial.

Question 18

This is a period during which a juvenile is required to stay out of trouble or make restitution before the case is dropped.

A)Informal probation.
B)Commitment.
C)Adversarial process.
D)Formal probation.

Question 19

This is the process in which a juvenile court determines whether the allegations in a petition are supported by evidence.

A)Commitment.
B)Referral.
C)Adversarial process.
D)Adjudicatory hearing.

Question 20

In an adjudicatory hearing, what is another term for the prosecutor?

A)Offender.
B)Petitioner.
C)Defendant.
D)Respondent.

Question 21

This is an order by a judge upon conviction or before a trial that sends a person to jail or prison.

A)Commitment.
B)Referral.
C)Adversarial process.
D)Incarceration order.

Question 22

This is the party who must reply to a petitioner's complaint.

A)Defendant.
B)Offender.
C)Petitioner.
D)Respondent.

Question 23

Any sentence of a juvenile offender to a halfway house or other community home in which the juvenile is closely monitored, but allowed to leave for work or school is called a .

A)Commitment.
B)Referral.
C)Residential placement.
D)Incarceration order.

Question 24

In this case, the Supreme Court established that as long as procedures protect a juvenile's rights, detention is constitutional if it protects the juvenile and society from offenses he or she might commit pretrial.

A)Kent v. United States.
B)In re Winship.
C)Schall v. Martin.
D)Breed v. Jones.

Question 25

Which one of these is a type of public facility for juveniles?

A)Boot-camp prisons.
B)Ranches and camps.
C)Adult prisons.
D)All of the above.

Question 26

A is someone, usually under age 18, who is determined to have committed a criminal offense or status offense in states in which a minor is declared to lack responsibility and cannot be sentenced as an adult.

A)Recidivist.
B)Juvenile delinquent.
C)Juvenile criminal.
D)Minor.

Question 27

In which 1988 case did the Supreme Court set forth that the execution of youths over the age of 16 does not violate the Eighth Amendment prohibition on cruel and unusual punishment?

A)Swisher v. Brady.
B)Goss v. Lopez.
C)Fare v. Michael C.
D)Stanford v. Kentucky.

Question 28

A is an act that is considered a legal offense only when committed by a juvenile and that can be adjudicated only in a juvenile court.

A)Status offense.
B)Juvenile offense.
C)Crime.
D)Civil offense.

Question 29

According to the FBI, of the known offenses involving persons under 18 years of age, most are offenses.

A)Violent.
B)Civil.
C)Property.
D)None of the above.

Question 30

According to the FBI, what do police typically do with most juveniles they take into custody?

A)Refer to a welfare agency.
B) Refer to juvenile court jurisdiction.
C)Refer to criminal or adult court.
D)Handle within department and release.

Question 31

Each state has its own structure and method of processing juvenile justice cases.

Question 32

The disposition of the juvenile case can be compared with the handing down of the sentence in adult criminal court.

Question 33

Boot-camp prisons are patterned after training at military academies.

Question 34

The nature of juvenile court proceedings is remedial, whereas that of adult proceedings is adversarial.

Question 35

A child's family life can affect the chances of delinquency.

Question 36

There is little evidence of racial bias in who gets waived to criminal court.

Question 37

The juvenile court has control not only over children, but also over their parents and siblings.

Question 38

Foremost among the twentieth-century juvenile legal reforms was the restoration of many of children's legal rights.

Question 39

Kent v. United States determined that a juvenile's due-process rights are denied when his or her case is waived to adult criminal court without a formal hearing.

Question 40

The juvenile justice system seeks to increase the stigma of deviant behavior.

Question 41

Juvenile offenders are typically housed with adult offenders.

Question 42

All states have provisions for trying juveniles as adults.

Question 43

The three types of judicial waiver are temporary, optional, and permanent.

Question 44

Statutory exclusion, which automatically sends some juveniles to adult court, does not require a juvenile court hearing.

Question 45

Under direct filing, a prosecutor has the discretion to file charges in either juvenile or adult court.

Question 46

In many ways crime is a young person's game.

Question 47

The juvenile justice system is not responsible for addressing issues that have not been resolved by families, schools, and the community.

Question 48

The concept of childhood is relatively ancient.

Question 49

In colonial America, little distinction was made between the offenses committed by adults and those committed by children.

Question 50

Juveniles have no right to treatment in the juvenile justice system.

Question 51

Discuss the treatment and maturation of young people in early Europe.

Question 52

What was "placing out"?

Question 53

Who were the child savers?

Question 54

List two reasons that much juvenile delinquency is never reported.

Question 55

What are the two types of referrals?

Question 56

What did the legal reforms of the 1960s and 1970s do for the rights of juveniles in court?

Question 57

What is aftercare?

Question 58

List two critiques of the juvenile justice system.

Question 59

List and define one type of judicial waiver.

Question 60

What are the federal rules for holding juveniles in adult jails?