Question 1

A set of beliefs and theories that help us make sense of a wide range of issues in life is known as a&#8230;&#10;A) Theory&#10;B) Worldview&#10;C) Premise&#10;D) Morality

Accepted Answer

A worldview encompasses the fundamental cognitive orientation of an individual or society encompassing the whole of the individual's or society's knowledge and point of view. It helps in understanding and interpreting the world and our place within it, thus making sense of a wide range of issues in life.

Question 2

The view that moral statements are not statements at all is called&#8230;&#10;A) Relativism&#10;B) Ethical egoism&#10;C) Absolutism&#10;D) Emotivism

Accepted Answer

Emotivism is the view that moral statements do not describe the world but express the speaker's feelings or attitudes towards a particular issue, thus they are not true or false in the traditional sense.

Question 3

A statement asserting that an action is right or wrong (moral or immoral) or that something (such as a person or motive) is good or bad is a&#8230;&#10;A) Moral statement&#10;B) Amoral statement&#10;C) Nonmoral statement&#10;D) Motivating statement

Accepted Answer

Moral statements are assertions that classify actions, motives, or entities as right or wrong, good or bad, based on ethical considerations.

Question 4

The best approach to identifying implicit premises in a moral argument is to treat the arguments as&#8230;&#10;A) Inductive&#10;B) Invalid&#10;C) Cogent&#10;D) Deductive

Accepted Answer

Implicit premises in a moral argument are best identified by treating the arguments as deductive. This approach allows for a structured analysis of the logical flow from premises to conclusion, making it easier to identify any assumptions (implicit premises) that must be true for the argument to hold.

Question 5

One way to evaluate a moral premise is to try to&#8230;&#10;A) Think of counterexamples to it&#10;B) Think of an alternative premise&#10;C) Rephrase the premise&#10;D) Ignore counterexamples to it

Accepted Answer

Thinking of counterexamples to a moral premise is a critical method for evaluating its validity and robustness. Counterexamples help identify situations where the premise may not hold, thus testing its universality and strength.

Question 6

This moral argument-&#34;Torturing prisoners of war is a case of intentional mistreatment. Therefore, prisoners of war should not be tortured.&#34;-fails because&#8230;&#10;A) The premise is false&#10;B) It lacks a moral premise&#10;C) The conclusion is false&#10;D) It lacks a moral conclusion

Accepted Answer

The argument assumes a moral stance (that intentional mistreatment is wrong) without explicitly stating it. For the argument to be complete, it needs a clear moral premise that establishes why intentional mistreatment (such as torture) is morally unacceptable.

Question 7

A moral theory that offers no help in real-life situations is said to be&#8230;&#10;A) Impractical&#10;B) Fruitless&#10;C) Practically irrational&#10;D) Unworkable

Accepted Answer

The answer of A moral theory that offers no help...

Question 8

According to the text, to identify the best moral theory, we must compare competing theories and evaluate them using the&#8230;&#10;A) Accepted moral norms&#10;B) Moral criteria of adequacy&#10;C) Scientific criteria of adequacy&#10;D) Next best theory

Accepted Answer

The best moral theory is identified by comparing competing theories and evaluating them using the moral criteria of adequacy, which helps in determining how well a theory aligns with our considered moral judgments, coheres with our moral experiences, and contributes to the understanding and resolution of moral disagreements.

Question 9

One of three criteria for judging the worth of moral theories is consistency with&#8230;&#10;A) Social norms&#10;B) All moral theories&#10;C) Considered scientific judgments&#10;D) Considered moral judgments

Accepted Answer

One of the criteria for evaluating the worth of moral theories is their consistency with considered moral judgments. This means that a viable moral theory should align with well-thought-out and reflective moral intuitions or judgments that people make about what is right and wrong.

Question 10

Moral and nonmoral statements&#8230;&#10;A) Cannot be used together in the same argument&#10;B) Are standard queries&#10;C) Make up inductive premises&#10;D) Make up a standard moral argument

Accepted Answer

Moral and nonmoral statements can indeed be used together in the same argument, forming the structure of a standard moral argument. Moral statements express judgments about what is right or wrong, good or bad, while nonmoral statements provide factual information or assertions about the world. Together, they can construct a comprehensive argument addressing both ethical judgments and factual claims.

Question 11

A moral theory tries to explain&#8230;&#10;A) A moral agent's motivations&#10;B) What society defines as acceptable&#10;C) What people believe&#10;D) What makes an action right or what makes a person good

Accepted Answer

The answer of A moral theory tries to explain&#8230;&#10;A) A...

Question 12

Considered moral judgments are those judgments that&#8230;&#10;A) Are endorsed by conscience&#10;B) The majority of people accept&#10;C) We accept after we reason about them carefully&#10;D) We accept because of our upbringing

Accepted Answer

The answer of Considered moral judgments are those judgments that&#8230;&#10;A)...

Question 13

The moral theory according to which what makes an action right is that it promotes one's own best interests is called&#8230;&#10;A) Subjective relativism&#10;B) Psychological egoism&#10;C) Ethical egoism&#10;D) Consequentialism

Accepted Answer

The answer of The moral theory according to which what...

Question 14

According to moral philosophers, one problematic implication of subjective relativism is that it&#8230;&#10;A) Encourages immoral behavior&#10;B) Promotes intolerance&#10;C) Undermines moral responsibility&#10;D) Makes moral disagreement nearly impossible

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to moral philosophers, one problematic implication...

Question 15

Gauging the truth of moral premises mostly involves examining the support they get from&#8230;&#10;A) Traditional beliefs&#10;B) Other moral principles, moral theories, and considered moral judgments&#10;C) The divine command theory&#10;D) Subjective or cultural relativism

Accepted Answer

The answer of Gauging the truth of moral premises mostly...

Question 16

The data that moral theories try to explain are&#8230;&#10;A) Our feelings about a moral issue&#10;B) The moral principles we were taught as children&#10;C) Our considered moral judgments&#10;D) Other moral theories

Accepted Answer

The answer of The data that moral theories try to...

Question 17

According to moral philosophers, the preferred relationship between moral facts and theory is known as&#8230;&#10;A) Reflective equilibrium&#10;B) Nonmoral equilibrium&#10;C) External consistency&#10;D) Dynamic reflection

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to moral philosophers, the preferred relationship...

Question 18

The moral theory according to which what makes an action right is that it maximizes overall happiness, everyone considered, is called&#8230;&#10;A) Divine command theory&#10;B) Ethical egoism&#10;C) Utilitarianism&#10;D) Kantian ethics

Accepted Answer

The answer of The moral theory according to which what...

Question 19

For many moral philosophers, the biggest problem that utilitarianism faces is that it&#8230;&#10;A) Is unworkable&#10;B) Conflicts with many of our considered moral judgments&#10;C) Cannot be proven&#10;D) Promotes hedonism

Accepted Answer

The answer of For many moral philosophers, the biggest problem...

Question 20

The moral theory according to which morality is about conforming our actions to universal moral rules derived from reason is called&#8230;&#10;A) Divine command theory&#10;B) Ethical egoism&#10;C) Utilitarianism&#10;D) Kantian ethics

Accepted Answer

The answer of The moral theory according to which morality...

Question 21

What is the basic structure of a moral argument?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the basic structure of a...

Question 22

According to the text, what are some problematic implications of subjective relativism?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the text, what are some...

Question 23

What is the central difference between utilitarianism and Kant's theory?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the central difference between utilitarianism...

Question 24

What does it mean for a moral theory to be consistent with our experience of the moral life?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What does it mean for a moral...

Question 25

According to the text, what is one way to determine whether a general moral principle is true?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the text, what is one...

Deck 13: Critical Thinking in Morality