Question 1

Rejecting a claim by criticizing the person who makes it rather than the claim itself is known as&#8230;&#10;A) The ad hominem fallacy&#10;B) The red herring fallacy&#10;C) The tu quoque fallacy&#10;D) The straw man fallacy

Accepted Answer

The ad hominem fallacy occurs when the argument is directed against the person making the claim rather than addressing the claim itself.

Question 2

The use of nonargumentative, emotion-laden language to influence an audience is called&#8230;&#10;A) Manipulation&#10;B) The emotional appeal fallacy&#10;C) Rhetoric&#10;D) Propaganda

Accepted Answer

C

Question 3

The use of a word in two different senses in an argument is known as&#8230;&#10;A) Equivocation&#10;B) Argument by analogy&#10;C) Straw man&#10;D) Red herring

Accepted Answer

Equivocation is a logical fallacy that occurs when a key term or phrase in an argument is used in an ambiguous way, with one meaning in one portion of the argument and then another meaning in another portion of the argument.

Question 4

Arguing that what is true of the whole of something must also be true of its parts is called&#8230;&#10;A) The fallacy of equivocation&#10;B) The fallacy of composition&#10;C) The fallacy of division&#10;D) The straw man fallacy

Accepted Answer

The fallacy of division occurs when one assumes that what is true of the whole must also be true of its individual parts.

Question 5

This argument-&#34;No one has shown that aliens don't exist, so they must exist.&#34;-illustrates the fallacy of&#8230;&#10;A) The appeal to the person&#10;B) Equivocation&#10;C) The appeal to popularity&#10;D) The appeal to ignorance

Accepted Answer

This argument is an example of the appeal to ignorance fallacy, which occurs when it is argued that a proposition is true simply because it has not been proven false, or vice versa.

Question 6

Arguing that you are doing something morally wrong is justified because someone else has done the same (or similar) thing is known as the fallacy of&#8230;&#10;A) Scare tactics&#10;B) Two wrongs make a right&#10;C) Appeal to pity&#10;D) Straw man

Accepted Answer

The "two wrongs make a right" fallacy occurs when someone justifies an action or behavior based on the fact that someone else has engaged in the same or similar behavior, suggesting that this makes the action acceptable, which is a flawed argument.

Question 7

Distorting, weakening, or oversimplifying someone's position so it can be easily attacked or refuted is called&#8230;&#10;A) The red herring fallacy&#10;B) The ad hominem fallacy&#10;C) The straw man fallacy&#10;D) The fallacy of equivocation

Accepted Answer

The straw man fallacy involves misrepresenting someone's argument to make it easier to attack. This tactic distorts the original position to create a simplified or exaggerated version, which is then refuted instead of addressing the actual argument.

Question 8

A slippery-slope pattern of argument is fallacious when&#8230;&#10;A) It is hypothetical&#10;B) There is good reason to think that doing one action will inevitably lead to another undesirable action&#10;C) There are only two possible results&#10;D) There is no good reason to think that doing one action will inevitably lead to another undesirable action

Accepted Answer

A slippery-slope argument becomes fallacious when there is no solid basis or good reason to believe that one action will inevitably lead to another undesirable action. Without a logical or empirical connection between the actions, the argument relies on fear or speculation rather than evidence.

Question 9

Classifying individuals into groups according to oversimplified or prejudiced attitudes or opinions is known as&#8230;&#10;A) Dysphemism&#10;B) Stereotyping&#10;C) Rhetorical definition&#10;D) Straw man

Accepted Answer

Stereotyping involves assigning a generalized identity or set of characteristics to an individual based on their membership in a particular group, often relying on oversimplified or prejudiced beliefs.

Question 10

The appeal to popularity is arguing that a claim must be true because&#8230;&#10;A) No one has rejected it&#10;B) No one has proven it false&#10;C) A substantial number of people doubt it&#10;D) A substantial number of people believe it

Accepted Answer

The appeal to popularity is a logical fallacy that argues a claim must be true simply because a large number of people believe it to be true, which is what option D states.

Question 11

The attempt to establish the conclusion of an argument by using that conclusion as a premise is known as&#8230;&#10;A) Red herring&#10;B) Straw man&#10;C) Begging the question&#10;D) Appeal to the person

Accepted Answer

The answer of The attempt to establish the conclusion of...

Question 12

The fallacy of asserting that there are only two alternatives to consider when there are actually more than two is called&#8230;&#10;A) Hasty generalization&#10;B) False dilemma&#10;C) Straw man&#10;D) The decision-point fallacy

Accepted Answer

The answer of The fallacy of asserting that there are...

Question 13

What is the fallacy of begging the question and how can it be used to mislead?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the fallacy of begging the...

Question 14

Why are appeals to the person fallacious?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why are appeals to the person fallacious?...

Question 15

What is the fallacy of equivocation and how can it be used to persuade an audience that a conclusion is true?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the fallacy of equivocation and...

Question 16

Why is an appeal to the masses fallacious?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why is an appeal to the masses...

Question 17

What is the basic pattern of a straw-man argument? How are straw-man arguments sometimes used in debates over church-state separation?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the basic pattern of a...

Deck 12: Fallacies and Persuaders