Question 1

Which of the following is NOT one of the major critical theoretical perspectives that challenged early work regarding the agency of crime victims?&#10;A) Critical victimology&#10;B) Culpability victimology&#10;C) Feminist victimology&#10;D) Radical victimology

Accepted Answer

Culpability victimology is not recognized as a major critical theoretical perspective in the study of crime victims. The other options are established perspectives that critique traditional views on victimization.

Question 2

What is a common feature shared by legal definitions of 'victim'?&#10;A) A focus on economic loss&#10;B) The label of 'victim' comes about as a social process&#10;C) The harm suffered must be directly caused by a criminal offence&#10;D) Inclusive of family members of those who are victims of any crime

Accepted Answer

Legal definitions of 'victim' commonly require that the harm suffered must be directly caused by a criminal offence, as this establishes the legal basis for recognizing someone as a victim within the justice system.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a feature of Rock's (2002) definition of a victim?&#10;A) Recognition as a victim by self&#10;B) 'Victim' is a process&#10;C) Recognition as a victim by others&#10;D) The harmful/offending act is violent in nature

Accepted Answer

Rock's definition does not require the harmful act to be violent; it focuses on the recognition and process of becoming a victim.

Question 4

What are 'deserving victims'?&#10;A) Individuals and groups are easily able to attain the label of victim&#10;B) Individuals or groups are unable to attain the label of victim&#10;C) Those who are denied the legitimate label of the victim even if they deserve it&#10;D) All victims of criminal acts

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are 'deserving victims'?&#10;A) Individuals and groups...

Question 5

Von Hentig's (1948) idea that victims have certain psychological or social characteristics making them more prone to victimisation is known as:&#10;A) Victim attribution&#10;B) Victim culpability&#10;C) Victim proneness&#10;D) Victim precipitation

Accepted Answer

Von Hentig's concept of "victim proneness" suggests that certain individuals possess characteristics that make them more susceptible to becoming victims.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the concept of 'victim culpability'?&#10;A) Based upon a thirteen-fold typology, victims can range from 'completely innocent' to 'criminal' in how responsible they are for their own victimisation&#10;B) Based upon a thirteen-fold typology, victims can range from 'completely innocent' to 'most guilty' in how responsible they are for committing criminal offences&#10;C) Based upon a six-fold typology, victims can range from 'completely innocent' to 'most guilty' in how responsible they are for their own victimisation&#10;D) Based upon a six-fold typology, people can range from 'completely innocent' to 'most guilty' in how responsible they are for committing a criminal offence

Accepted Answer

The concept of 'victim culpability' is described by a six-fold typology where victims are assessed on a scale from 'completely innocent' to 'most guilty' in terms of their responsibility for their own victimization.

Question 7

According to Wolfgang (1958), what are 'victim precipitated offences'?&#10;A) Offences in which the victim is also an offender&#10;B) Offences in which the victim directly attempts to prevent the crime&#10;C) Offences in which the victim has no influence regarding the offence committed towards them&#10;D) Offences in which the victim is a direct, positive precipitator in the crime

Accepted Answer

Wolfgang (1958) defined 'victim precipitated offences' as those in which the victim plays a direct, positive role in the initiation of the crime, often through their actions or behavior.

Question 8

The concept of the 'ideal victim' describes:&#10;A) A person or a category of individuals who purposefully present themselves in a manner to appear as 'innocent' as possible&#10;B) A person or a category of individuals who are most readily given the status of causing their own victimisation&#10;C) A person or a category of individuals who are most readily given the complete and legitimate status of being a victim of crime&#10;D) . A person or a category of individuals who are easy to dislike or resent

Accepted Answer

The 'ideal victim' concept refers to individuals who are perceived as legitimate victims by society, often seen as innocent and deserving of sympathy.

Question 9

A perpetrator of crime who is easy to dislike or resent, and therefore allows for my sympathy towards the victim, is known as:&#10;A) The 'ideal victim'&#10;B) The 'ideal enemy'&#10;C) The 'ideal criminal'&#10;D) The 'ideal agent'

Accepted Answer

The 'ideal enemy' is a perpetrator of crime who is easy to dislike or resent, and therefore allows for my sympathy towards the victim.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes Lee's (2017) 'risk-fear paradox'?&#10;A) When socio-demographic groups who are least likely to be victimised report higher levels of fear of crime&#10;B) When socio-demographic groups who are most likely to be victimised report higher levels of fear of crime&#10;C) When socio-demographic groups who are least likely to be victimised report lower levels of fear of crime&#10;D) When socio-demographic groups who are most likely to be victimised report lower levels of fear of crime

Accepted Answer

The 'risk-fear paradox' refers to the phenomenon where groups that are statistically less likely to be victims of crime report higher levels of fear, contrary to what might be expected based on their actual risk.

Deck 2: Crime, Victimisation and Criminology