Question 1

Theoretical frameworks that are largely agreed on within the sciences are called:&#10;A) Theories&#10;B) Concepts&#10;C) Paradigms&#10;D) Archetypes

Accepted Answer

Paradigms are widely accepted scientific frameworks or models that guide research and understanding in a particular field.

Question 2

The term Wissenschaft describes:&#10;A) Ideas on how to think sociology about sociology itself&#10;B) The systematic search for knowledge&#10;C) Cultural sciences&#10;D) Anti-positivist theory

Accepted Answer

Wissenschaft is a German term that refers to a systematic pursuit of knowledge, encompassing both the sciences and humanities.

Question 3

Which theorist described a hierarchy of sciences with the most 'basic' sciences at the bottom and sociology on top?&#10;A) Max Weber&#10;B) J&#252;rgen Habermas&#10;C) Karl-Otto Apel&#10;D) Auguste Comte

Accepted Answer

Auguste Comte is known for his theory of the hierarchy of sciences, where he placed sociology at the top as the most complex science, building on the more basic sciences like mathematics and physics.

Question 4

According to Max Weber which of the following are natural sciences?&#10;A) Sociology&#10;B) Economics&#10;C) Physics&#10;D) All of the above

Accepted Answer

Physics is considered a natural science, while sociology and economics are social sciences according to Max Weber.

Question 5

Which perspective argues that sociologists produce genuine knowledge through studying empirical social facts?&#10;A) Feminism&#10;B) Realism&#10;C) Positivist&#10;D) Critical Realism

Accepted Answer

The positivist perspective argues that sociologists can produce genuine knowledge by studying empirical social facts, emphasizing observation and scientific methods.

Question 6

Which perspective explores how individuals' make sense of the social reality though language and structures of social interaction?&#10;A) Phenomenology&#10;B) Reflexivity&#10;C) Empiricism&#10;D) Ethnomethodology

Accepted Answer

Ethnomethodology focuses on the ways individuals make sense of their social world through language and social interactions.

Question 7

Which theorist popularized the notion that scientific knowledge is socially constructed?&#10;A) Max Weber&#10;B) J&#252;rgen Habermas&#10;C) Karl Marx&#10;D) Thomas Kuhn

Accepted Answer

Thomas Kuhn popularized the idea that scientific knowledge is socially constructed through his concept of "paradigm shifts" in scientific progress.

Question 8

A realist perspective understands the social world through exploring:&#10;A) Underlying structures which may not be observable&#10;B) Observable phenomena&#10;C) How individuals use language&#10;D) Social facts

Accepted Answer

Realism in social science focuses on understanding the underlying structures and mechanisms that may not be directly observable but influence observable phenomena.

Question 9

Which philosophical approach focuses on exploring meanings from an individual's point of view?&#10;A) Reflexivity&#10;B) Positivism&#10;C) Phenomenology&#10;D) Scientism

Accepted Answer

Phenomenology is a philosophical approach that emphasizes understanding human experiences from the individual's perspective, focusing on the meanings they ascribe to their experiences.

Question 10

Which theorist argues that human intentions should be studied indirectly through their expressions?&#10;A) Thomas Kuhn&#10;B) Max Weber&#10;C) Karl Popper&#10;D) Karl Marx

Accepted Answer

Max Weber argued that human intentions should be studied indirectly through their expressions, focusing on understanding the meanings and motivations behind social actions.

Deck 25: Sociology As a Science