Deck 15: Chi-Square 2 Test of Independence

Question 1

To conduct a chi-square test, what is the appropriate combination of variables?

A)nominal, ratio
B)nominal, interval
C)interval, ratio
D)nominal, nominal

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a basic assumption that must be met prior to the utilization of the chi-square test?

A)Both variables being analyzed must be nominal in nature.
B)Participants contributing data should represent a random sample drawn from the population of interest.
C)If you have a 2 *2 table, there should be no fewer than three cases in every cell.
D)One participant's appearance in a category should not affect the probability of another participant's appearance in another cell.

Answer 2

If you have a 2 *2 table, there should be no fewer than three cases in every cell.

Question 3

Which is the correct way to present a chi-square finding?

A)χ (34 = 5.5), p < .05
B)χ (3, N = 34) = 5.5 , p < .05
C)χ² (3, N = 34) = 5.5 , P < .05
D)χ² (3, N = 34) = 5.5 , p < .05

Answer 3

D

Question 4

If you receive the finding phi = .40, what can you say about your finding?

A)40% of the variance is accounted for
B)16% of the variance is accounted for
C)20% of the variance is accounted for
D).40% of the variance is accounted for

Question 5

Which of the following should be the first step in computing the chi-square test of independence?

A)add the totals from each row separately
B)calculate the degrees of freedom
C)keep careful track of where you are getting your numbers from
D)calculate the sampling error

Question 6

Which of the following is defined as the number of participant scores in a sample that can or are free to vary?

A)calculated value
B)critical value
C)degrees of freedom
D)expected frequency

Question 7

Chi-square equals which of the following?

A)sum of (expected frequency - observed frequency)²/expected frequency
B)sum of (expected frequency - observed frequency)²/observed frequency
C)sum of (observed frequency - expected frequency)²/expected frequency
D)sum of (observed frequency - expected frequency)²/observed frequency

Question 8

Which statistic tells a researcher how much of the difference in one variable can be accounted for by the variance in another variable?

A)effect size
B)Cronbach's alpha
C)Cramer's phi
D)Chi-square

Question 9

The chi-square is what type of test?

A)a difference test
B)a relationship test
C)a power test
D)an effect size test

Question 10

One way to prevent Type I error is to lower the significance level. Which of the following tests may be used to help a researcher lower the significance level?

A)Cross tab
B)Cronbach's alpha
C)Cramer's phi
D)Dunn-Sidak test

Question 11

For the following questions,you will use the chi-square results below. A researcher wanted to determine if female and male shoppers differed in the type of dress they wear at a large superstore. The researcher sits outside and categorizes shoppers as conservative, preppy, or punk. Here are the data used for calculating the chi-square.



-In the chi-square presented, what were the degrees of freedom?

A)2
B)1
C)100
D)2.93

Question 12

For the following questions,you will use the chi-square results below. A researcher wanted to determine if female and male shoppers differed in the type of dress they wear at a large superstore. The researcher sits outside and categorizes shoppers as conservative, preppy, or punk. Here are the data used for calculating the chi-square.



-In the chi-square presented, what is the calculated value?

A)2.93
B)2.95
C)2.39
D)1.50

Question 13

For the following questions,you will use the chi-square results below. A researcher wanted to determine if female and male shoppers differed in the type of dress they wear at a large superstore. The researcher sits outside and categorizes shoppers as conservative, preppy, or punk. Here are the data used for calculating the chi-square.



-In the chi-square presented, what was N?

A)100
B)50
C)2.93
D).005

Question 14

For the following questions,you will use the chi-square results below. A researcher wanted to determine if female and male shoppers differed in the type of dress they wear at a large superstore. The researcher sits outside and categorizes shoppers as conservative, preppy, or punk. Here are the data used for calculating the chi-square.



-In the chi-square presented, what was the p value?

A).23
B)2.93
C)2
D).17

Question 15

For the following questions,you will use the chi-square results below. A researcher wanted to determine if female and male shoppers differed in the type of dress they wear at a large superstore. The researcher sits outside and categorizes shoppers as conservative, preppy, or punk. Here are the data used for calculating the chi-square.



-In the chi-square presented, which of the following statements is correct?

A)The chi-square was not statistically significant.
B)The chi-square was statistically significant.
C)The chi-square reported a large effect size.
D)The chi-square reported a small effect size.

Question 16

For the following questions,you will use the chi-square results below. A researcher wanted to determine if female and male shoppers differed in the type of dress they wear at a large superstore. The researcher sits outside and categorizes shoppers as conservative, preppy, or punk. Here are the data used for calculating the chi-square.



-In the chi-square presented, how would you categorize the p value?

A)p > .05
B)p < .05
C)p < .01
D)p < .005

Question 17

For the following questions,you will use the chi-square results below. A researcher wanted to determine if female and male shoppers differed in the type of dress they wear at a large superstore. The researcher sits outside and categorizes shoppers as conservative, preppy, or punk. Here are the data used for calculating the chi-square.




-In the chi-square presented, which of the following is the correct APA write-up?

A) $\chi$ (2) = 2.93, p = .23
B) $\chi$ ² (1) = 2.95, p = .23
C) $\chi$ (2) = 2.93, p < .05
D) $\chi$ ² (1) = 2.95, p < .05

Question 18

For the following questions,you will use the chi-square results below. A researcher wanted to determine if female and male shoppers differed in the type of dress they wear at a large superstore. The researcher sits outside and categorizes shoppers as conservative, preppy, or punk. Here are the data used for calculating the chi-square.



-In the chi-square presented in this quiz, what was the effect size?

A).17
B).23
C)2
D)2.93

Question 19

Bob is conducting a chi-square and has one group that has three nominal variables and another that as four. What would his df be?

A)6
B)12
C)4
D)2

Question 20

When using SPSS to calculate chi-square, which functions should you use?

A)Crosstabs
B)Crossword
C)calculated value
D)Cramer's phi

Question 21

The one-sample chi-square test is more likely to yield significance if the sample proportions
for the categories differ greatly from the hypothesized proportions and if the sample size is small.

Question 22

Before a researcher ever begins calculating the statistical test, he or she must set the significance level of the test.

Question 23

The purpose of a chi-square test is to examine the balance between observed frequencies and expected frequencies.

Question 24

If the observed and expected frequencies are equal, the chi-square statistic will always equal one.

Question 25

Jake wants to analyze the difference between men and women (nominal variable) and self- disclosure (interval variable). Jeff should use the chi-square test.

Question 26

When conducting a chi-square, it is recommended that both variables being analyzed are nominal in nature but not necessary.

Question 27

In a 2 * 2 chi-square table, there should be no fewer than five cases in every cell.

Question 28

Explain the purposes of a chi-square statistical test.

Question 29

Explain why a researcher may need to adjust his or her alpha level using a Dunn-Sidak test.

Question 30

Explain the purpose of degrees of freedom within statistics.

Question 31

Explain how to conduct a chi-square test, step by step.

Question 32

Write one research question and one hypothesis that can be addressed using a chi-square.

Question 33

Match each of the following terms with the correct statement.
-Critical Value Table

A)A table that has been previously created to determine where specific chi-square calculated values are statistically significant.
B)Statistical difference test used when a researcher has two nominal variables.
C)The number of participant scores in a sample that can or are free to vary.
D)Statistical test that demonstrates how much of the difference in one variable can be accounted for by the variance in another variable.
E)Statistical test that readjusts the probability level to correct for possible compounded error resulting from multiple pairwise comparisons to help prevent type I error.

Question 34

Match each of the following terms with the correct statement.
-Chi-square

A)A table that has been previously created to determine where specific chi-square calculated values are statistically significant.
B)Statistical difference test used when a researcher has two nominal variables.
C)The number of participant scores in a sample that can or are free to vary.
D)Statistical test that demonstrates how much of the difference in one variable can be accounted for by the variance in another variable.
E)Statistical test that readjusts the probability level to correct for possible compounded error resulting from multiple pairwise comparisons to help prevent type I error.

Question 35

Match each of the following terms with the correct statement.
-Degrees of Freedom

A)A table that has been previously created to determine where specific chi-square calculated values are statistically significant.
B)Statistical difference test used when a researcher has two nominal variables.
C)The number of participant scores in a sample that can or are free to vary.
D)Statistical test that demonstrates how much of the difference in one variable can be accounted for by the variance in another variable.
E)Statistical test that readjusts the probability level to correct for possible compounded error resulting from multiple pairwise comparisons to help prevent type I error.

Question 36

Match each of the following terms with the correct statement.
-Phi or Cramer's V

A)A table that has been previously created to determine where specific chi-square calculated values are statistically significant.
B)Statistical difference test used when a researcher has two nominal variables.
C)The number of participant scores in a sample that can or are free to vary.
D)Statistical test that demonstrates how much of the difference in one variable can be accounted for by the variance in another variable.
E)Statistical test that readjusts the probability level to correct for possible compounded error resulting from multiple pairwise comparisons to help prevent type I error.

Question 37

Match each of the following terms with the correct statement.
-Dunn-Sidak Test

A)A table that has been previously created to determine where specific chi-square calculated values are statistically significant.
B)Statistical difference test used when a researcher has two nominal variables.
C)The number of participant scores in a sample that can or are free to vary.
D)Statistical test that demonstrates how much of the difference in one variable can be accounted for by the variance in another variable.
E)Statistical test that readjusts the probability level to correct for possible compounded error resulting from multiple pairwise comparisons to help prevent type I error.