Deck 5: Understanding Socialization

Question 1

Which of these best describes socialization?

A) the ability to follow social norms and expectations of one's society through the processes of social interaction
B) the innate ability to follow social norms and expectations of one's society
C) a concept in which one's learned social behavior remains static
D) a concept in which one's learned social behavior remains the same generation to generation

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Socialization is part of the process of ______, in which individuals internalize the values and norms of a society and pass them to the next generation.

A) life course
B) social behavior
C) social reproduction
D) resocialization

Answer 2

C

Question 3

When a baby is born, the parents call the child by name, dress the child in gendered clothing, and give the baby soft blankets. As the child grows older, the child will receive different toys and be expected to act differently than when a baby. This is an example of ______.

A) social existence
B) the life course
C) nurture
D) resocialization

Answer 3

B

Question 4

A young woman graduates high school and moves out of her parent's house in order to attend college. While there, she learns how to cook, do laundry, and pay her own bills, none of which she did while living at home. This is an example of ______.

A) resocialization
B) nurture
C) self-consciousness
D) a lack of socialization

Question 5

How would getting married be considered an agent of resocialization?

A) Getting married requires learning new social norms.
B) Marriage is where one learns self-awareness.
C) Marriage teaches new social roles that the one must adapt to.
D) Marriage encourages people to stay in touch with their families.

Question 6

Children who are raised in isolation and have few opportunities for social interaction are typically labeled as ______.

A) unintelligent
B) feral
C) resocialized
D) gendered

Question 7

Feral children present a unique opportunity for scientists to study ______.

A) the impact of nurture without the influence of nature
B) the socialization process
C) how social interaction impacts biology
D) the impact of nature without the influence of nurture

Question 8

Scientists note that ______ refers to a person's biology, while ______ is formed by cultural and social learning.

A) assimilation, accommodation
B) accommodation; assimilation
C) nurture; nature
D) nature; nurture

Question 9

When scientists study children who have lived in isolation, these children demonstrate ______.

A) how little society and social interactions affect who we are
B) how society and social interactions affect who we are
C) how biology affects our ability to interact in socially acceptable ways
D) that these children can never learn to interact with others in socially acceptable ways

Question 10

Sociologist George Herbert Mead was influenced by which of Charles Horton Cooley's concepts?

A) deviant behavior
B) anomie theory
C) the looking-glass self
D) social conditioning

Question 11

When an individual develops a sense of self through social interactions and is aware of how others see her or him, this person has learned ______.

A) socially acceptable behavior
B) primary socialization
C) status
D) self-consciousness

Question 12

How would Mead explain the concept of taking the role of the other?

A) People are socialized to put themselves in the place of others.
B) People are influenced by how they perceive others see them.
C) People become aware of what others do and imitate them.
D) People become complacent and do not develop their independent selves.

Question 13

Individuals who are constantly asking friends if they look okay are exhibiting ______ behavior.

A) role
B) taboo
C) deviant
D) self-conscious

Question 14

A child enters preschool and becomes more aware of how classmates are interacting and responding to each other, which impacts how the child develops. How would Mead explain this?

A) The child is learning self-consciousness through interactions with classmates.
B) The child is developing "I-communication."
C) The child is becoming self-oriented.
D) The child is developing an awareness of symbolic interaction.

Question 15

According to Mead, when a child imitates the behavior of a parent, like pretending to fix dinner or go to work, the child is ______.

A) taking the role of the other
B) projecting parental roles
C) performing a front stage function
D) demonstrating self-consciousness

Question 16

How would college be considered an agent of resocialization?

A) College provides the student with social norms.
B) College is where one learns self-awareness.
C) College teaches new social roles that the student must adapt to.
D) College encourages students to stay in touch with their families.

Question 17

Family, peers, mass media, and schools are all examples of ______.

A) ethnomethodology
B) paradigms
C) agents of socialization
D) secondary socialization

Question 18

Which person is demonstrating primary socialization?

A) an adult receiving a higher paying position at work
B) a high school student learning a foreign language
C) a college student specializing in a field
D) a parent teaching a young child the alphabet

Question 19

What is typically the first agent of socialization for children?

A) family
B) religion
C) peers
D) school

Question 20

Sociologist Annette Lareau's classic study looked at how children coming from families of different economic status spent their free time. She found that children in middle class families were more likely than lower income families to ______.

A) play and watch television in their free time
B) use media in their free time
C) have structured free time
D) have part time jobs

Question 21

A factor that can create a negative socialization experience for a child in school is ______.

A) age
B) skin color
C) reinforcement
D) identity

Question 22

How does the hidden curriculum impact students in school?

A) It provides teachers with instructions on what to teach in each course.
B) It signifies the separate needs of each individual student.
C) It outlines which students will do better in school and which will need help.
D) It promotes obedience to authority figures and social norms.

Question 23

A boy who just started attending a new school is trying to make friends. A group of boys invite him to their house, where they offer the new kid a cigarette. Even though he has never smoked and has no desire to, he does anyway. This is an example of ______.

A) positive socialization
B) rebellion
C) group disconformity
D) peer pressure

Question 24

Much of the sociological research on peers and socialization involves ______ behaviors.

A) age-related
B) deviant
C) gender
D) race

Question 25

A location in which a person is closed off from external influences is called a ______ institution.

A) total
B) complete
C) utopian
D) limited

Question 26

What is an example of a total institution?

A) prison
B) school
C) home
D) summer camp

Question 27

The ongoing process of learning the social expectations of male and female behavior, roles, and appearance in one's culture refers to gender ______.

A) expression
B) fluidity
C) socialization
D) segregation

Question 28

When parents are shopping for toys for their child, how might their choices impact the child's developing gender socialization?

A) The child will develop skills appropriate for their particular gender.
B) The toys teach the child the norms, values, and beliefs of school.
C) The child will use the toys to play with friends and learn social interactions.
D) The toys selected will help to reinforce gender role expectations.

Question 29

How does gender socialization impact a female child's development?

A) Gender socialization will influence the child's sexual development.
B) The child will learn expected gender roles when parents purchase toys and clothing.
C) Gender socialization will allow the child to determine the role she will play.
D) Gender socialization will show the child that biology is the most important factor.

Question 30

Which of these is an example of gender socialization?

A) Parents of a college student encourage their son to pursue a career in teaching.
B) Parents of a young girl encourage her to excel in mathematics and science.
C) A young girl wants a toy truck for her birthday, but her parents buy her a Barbie van instead.
D) A young boy loves to sing, so his parents enroll him in a drama camp for the summer.

Question 31

We experience ______ when we have competing demands within a particular social role and status.

A) role fatigue
B) role strain
C) social incompetence
D) social desire

Question 32

Due to budget cuts, a boss is forced to fire an employee who is a close friend. The boss is most likely experiencing ______.

A) role strain
B) social dissonance
C) a mixed role situation
D) role conflict

Question 33

How do social roles develop?

A) Each person develops one social role they use for all situations.
B) People use different social roles throughout each day based on different social expectations.
C) Society assigns social roles based on socioeconomic status level.
D) Social roles are developed based on our true selves and our self-identity.

Question 34

A drama student is trying to get a job as an actor. While waiting for a role, he accepts a serving job at a restaurant to pay the bills. A role is eventually offered, but it is not going to pay enough to allow him to quit his other job. While he is waiting tables, he tries to remember his lines for his acting job. How would a sociologist describe what this student is experiencing?

A) The student is experiencing role conflict as he tries to be both a waiter and an actor.
B) The student is experiencing a self-consciousness crisis as he tries to make everyone happy.
C) The student is experiencing a gender role identity conflict as he works in a female gendered job as wait staff.
D) The student is experiencing role strain as he presents different social selves to the customers.

Question 35

A single mother has three young children. She works as an attorney at a small law firm. One child gets sick and needs to go to the doctor at the same time the mother is due to meet with a client. How would a sociologist explain this issue?

A) The mother is in a total institution in which she needs to fill more than one role.
B) The mother will experience resocialization as she tries to fill two roles.
C) The mother is experiencing role conflict as she tries to fill two different roles at the same time.
D) The mother will develop multiple social identities as she juggles work and home.

Question 36

A person describes himself as an older white male, who is a father, a son, and a doctor. What is the man doing?

A) providing his self-identity
B) discussing role conflicts
C) expressing role strain
D) acknowledging his gender roles

Question 37

Characteristics such as gender, social class, race, and ethnicity are a part of a person's ______.

A) socialization
B) biology
C) identity
D) personality

Question 38

A person's sense of who they are based on their interactions with others is called ______.

A) personal identity
B) group identity
C) cultural identity
D) self-identity

Question 39

Our interactions with others constantly shape and reshape ______.

A) identity
B) gender
C) language
D) biology

Question 40

Dana has three good friends with whom she shares everything. This could be called a(n) ______.

A) pod
B) culture
C) group
D) organization

Question 41

Which of these would be considered a primary group?

A) Marta and her three sisters
B) William and his sociology class
C) Marina and her work team
D) Vladimir and the citizens of his town

Question 42

______ organizations assign members to specific jobs and have a system to replace them when needed.

A) Informal
B) Total institution
C) Departmentalized
D) Formal

Question 43

Lana's company is very structured. There is a written set of rules that all must follow, and employees report to a clear hierarchy of management. The employees do not socialize with each other, but focus on their work exclusively. This is a(n) ______.

A) ideal bureaucracy
B) autocracy
C) informal organization
D) static bureaucracy

Question 44

Which statement about bureaucracies is true?

A) Bureaucracies are inefficient and cumbersome for formal organizations.
B) Bureaucracies are unnecessary.
C) Bureaucracies are important to informal organizations.
D) Formal organizations have a great need for bureaucracies.

Question 45

When formal organizations grow and become more complex, they often become ______.

A) bureaucracies
B) informal organizations
C) total institutions
D) government entities

Question 46

The ways in which a person behaves and reacts to others refers to ______.

A) social intelligence
B) social interaction
C) culture
D) deviant behavior

Question 47

Which sociological theorist is considered the pioneer of the study of social interactions in everyday contexts?

A) Erving Goffman
B) George Herbert Mead
C) Charles Horton Cooley
D) Karl Marx

Question 48

Which theorist created a field of study that observed the ordinary or everyday methods people use to make sense of their social interactions?

A) Erving Goffman
B) Sigmund Freud
C) George Herbert Mead
D) Harold Garfinkel

Question 49

Goffman used a ______ metaphor to describe how individuals' social lives consist of different performances of social roles based on the observers.

A) transformational
B) gendered
C) theatrical
D) voyeur

Question 50

Goffman noted that people present themselves the way they wish others to see them. What is this called?

A) setting
B) constructed reality
C) impression management
D) front stage

Question 51

In Goffman's work, The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life, Goffman noted that the ______, or the "expressive equipment" is present in each individual's performance.

A) stage
B) front
C) audience
D) script

Question 52

In performing your role as a student, the ______ is when you are in the classroom.

A) setting
B) appearance
C) front stage
D) back stage

Question 53

In describing social life and the different regions, Goffman refers to the "backstage" as an area ______.

A) where we actively perform our roles
B) where role constraint and role conflict are present
C) in which impression management exists
D) in which one no longer has to perform

Question 54

A high school student must give a presentation to her class. She needs a good grade, so she dresses nicely and prepares notes. How would Goffman say she used the front or the "expressive equipment" to convince her teacher she had earned a good grade?

A) She avoided eye contact during her presentation.
B) She used face-to-face interaction.
C) She remained "out of character."
D) She convinced her teacher that she was well-prepared by using notes.

Question 55

The field of study pioneered by Harold Garfinkel that studies the ordinary methods people use to make sense of their social interactions is called ______.

A) ethnomethodology
B) nonscientific reasoning
C) basic research
D) social symbolism

Question 56

The process of socialization occurs through social interactions with other members of a society.

Question 57

Social reproduction occurs as subsequent generations change social norms and values.

Question 58

Mead believed we are born with a sense of who we are, or a sense of self.

Question 59

Taking the role of the other is based on learning the status of the people you socialize with.

Question 60

Primary socialization occurs from the time we are born to when we start school.

Question 61

The hidden curriculum teaches children art and music.

Question 62

Gender socialization occurs naturally at birth.

Question 63

Toys are an influential form of gender socialization.

Question 64

Role strain refers to competing demands within a particular social role and status.

Question 65

The identities that others assign to us shape our social identity.

Question 66

Secondary groups are those groups with which we are most intimate.

Question 67

Formal organizations are planned secondary groups that are created with a goal in mind.

Question 68

Irving Goffman's approach to analyzing and explaining social interaction is a social construction approach.

Question 69

When Anita arrived to class the first day, she noticed that most students chose seats in the back of the room. She assumed they didn't want to be asked to interact in class. Goffman calls this defining the situation.

Question 70

The front stage is where people perform roles to manage impressions.

Question 71

How does socialization transmit from one generation to the next?

Question 72

Discuss how Mead proposed the development of self-consciousness.

Question 73

Explain the influence of peer pressure in socialization.

Question 74

Explain the process of gender socialization starting at birth.

Question 75

Differentiate between role strain and role conflict.

Question 76

Use an example to explain how self-consciousness relates to taking the role of the other.

Question 77

Discuss how work influences adults as an agent of socialization and resocialization.

Question 78

What are the key sources of identity? How do they help shape our social identity?

Question 79

Differentiate between primary groups and secondary groups. Name some of your primary and secondary groups.

Question 80

Compare and contrast Goffman's front stage and back stage.