Deck 6: Anxiety, Obsessive-Compulsive, and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders

Question 1

Adler believed that OCD was the result of fixation at the anal stage.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Symptoms of a panic attack are very similar to those of a heart attack.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Panic disorder can be caused by a medical condition (e.g., mitral valve prolapse).

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Social phobia is usually first diagnosed in childhood.

Question 5

The most common specific phobia is fear of heights.

Question 6

Fewer than 20% of university students with anxiety disorders seek treatment.

Question 7

Learning theories offer a good explanation for how phobias develop.

Question 8

Jamie, a 20 year old university student, has had three panic attacks in his life; he most likely has panic disorder.

Question 9

Intense fears are the same thing as phobias.

Question 10

Fears can be broken down into two factors - specific fears and social fears.

Question 11

Social phobia is linked with dropping out of school.

Question 12

Anxiety disorders are the most common psychological disorders.

Question 13

Generalized anxiety disorder is likely caused by a serotonin imbalance.

Question 14

Compulsive checking may be caused by memory deficits.

Question 15

OCD is diagnosed when obsessions interfere with normal functioning.

Question 16

Many therapies for anxiety disorders include some element of exposure.

Question 17

Obsessions are repetitive actions a person performs to calm themselves down.

Question 18

Anxiety is mainly defined based on physiological arousal.

Question 19

Diane has always been a worrier - she worries about anything and everything. That type of worry is the foundation of generalized anxiety disorder.

Question 20

Cognitive theories do not support the development of social phobias.

Question 21

Joyce tends to be a bit skittish - she never quite feels comfortable, whether she is with others or alone. She tends to worry that something bad is going to happen, but she can't isolate a specific event. Joyce most likely experiences:

A) Anxiety
B) Bipolar disorder
C) Obsessive-compulsive disorder
D) Depression

Question 22

Repression is a central component of the psychoanalytic conceptualization of anxiety disorders.

Question 23

Benzodiazepines are used to treat both anxiety and mood disorders.

Question 24

Erica is constantly pre-occupied by worry; worry is the ________________ component of anxiety.

A) Physiological
B) Behavioural
C) Cognitive
D) Main

Question 25

The most effective treatment for PTSD is EMDR.

Question 26

Anxious people are more likely than non-anxious people to perceive a threat when:

A) An actual threat is present
B) They are prompted to be alert to potential threats
C) The threat is ambiguous
D) Anxious people are no more likely to perceive threats than non-anxious people

Question 27

Generalized anxiety disorder is the most difficult disorder to treat.

Question 28

Males are at higher risk of developing PTSD.

Question 29

When Simon feels his heart racing and his muscles getting tense, he is experiencing the ________ components of anxiety:

A) Cognitive
B) Cardiovascular
C) Behavioural
D) Physiological

Question 30

Acute stress disorder is diagnosed when a person has symptoms following exposure to a trauma within the last 30 days.

Question 31

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSd) is listed as an anxiety disorder in DSM-5)

Question 32

Abuse can trigger symptoms of PTSD.

Question 33

In Canada, what is the most common class of psychological disorders?

A) Mood disorders
B) Anxiety disorders
C) Anxiety and eating disorders
D) Eating and mood disorders

Question 34

A study examining the prevalence of anxiety disorders in 15 countries (Seedat et al., 2009) found results similar to a 1994 Ontario provincial survey. What did the findings show?

A) Significantly more women than men suffer from anxiety disorders and the highest one year prevalence rates are found in 15-24 year old women.
B) Significantly more men than women suffer from anxiety disorders and the highest one year prevalence rates are found in 15-24 year old men.
C) Significantly more women than men suffer from anxiety disorders and the lowest one year prevalence rates are found in 15-24 year old women.
D) Significantly more men than women suffer from anxiety disorders and the lowest one year prevalence rates are found in 15-24 year old men.

Question 35

Anxiety has two components:

A) Cognitive and psychological
B) Psychological and biological
C) Physiological and cognitive
D) Biological and physiological

Question 36

Exposure with response prevention is the "gold standard" treatment for generalized anxiety disorder.

Question 37

Antidepressants can help treat PTSD by treating comorbid disorders as well.

Question 38

Michael has a big psychology exam coming up. Every time he sits down to study, he flashes back to what happened during his last exam; he was sweating profusely, the pencil kept slipping from his hand, and he drew blanks for several questions he knew well, which led him to believe he was going to fail. He is now worried the same thing will happen with his next exam. Michael is most likely experiencing:

A) Generalized anxiety disorder
B) Test anxiety
C) Pre-emptive anxiety
D) A normal reaction to an upcoming exam

Question 39

In 1994, an Ontario provincial survey found that ____ of women and ____ of men suffered from anxiety disorders in the previous year.

A) 7% and 2%
B) 9% and 4%
C) 13% and 7%
D) 16% and 9%

Question 40

Somers et al. (2006) reviewed the results of 41 international epidemiological studies and found that the one-year and lifetime prevalence rates for total anxiety disorders were _____ respectively.

A) 3)1% and 6.6%
B) 7)4% and 14)1%
C) 10)6% and 16.6%
D) 11)2% and 18)2%

Question 41

Bob is a student who appears to be an extreme procrastinator but actually has a fear of writing. Bob suffers from:

A) Alphaphobia
B) Ergasiophobia
C) Agoraphobia
D) Anglophobia

Question 42

Cox et al. (1991) compared the symptoms of panic in panic disorder patients to students with panic attacks and found that:

A) There was discontinuity between nonclinical and clinical panic, suggesting that panic disorder is a qualitatively discrete disorder
B) There was continuity between nonclinical and clinical panic, suggesting that that panic attacks and panic disorder differ in degree but not in kind
C) There was substantial evidence of both continuity and discontinuity
D) None of the above; no clear pattern emerged so conclusions were not possible

Question 43

Exposure to trauma, such as the shootings at Dawson College, is associated with _______ the risk of developing a diagnosable disorder than is found in the general public.

A) No increased risk
B) Double
C) Triple
D) Five times

Question 44

Mysophobia, a disorder experienced by actor Howie Mandel, is the fear of:

A) Mysterious odours
B) Clapping sounds
C) Contamination
D) Needles

Question 45

Despite overall symptom continuity between clinical and subclinical panic sufferers, Cox, Endler, and Swinson (1991) have identified which of the following to be one major qualitative difference between these groups?

A) Lifestyle restriction
B) Physiological symptoms
C) Number of panic triggers
D) Feelings of helplessness

Question 46

Canadian comedian Howie Mandel has admitted that he suffers from:

A) Generalized anxiety disorder
B) Post-traumatic stress disorder
C) Ergasiophobia
D) Mysophobia

Question 47

In Freud's case of Little Hans, the boy was afraid of:

A) Spiders
B) Social interaction
C) Horses
D) Snakes

Question 48

Results from Mental Health Supplement of the Ontario Health Survey indicated that anxiety disorders were most common among:

A) Younger men
B) Younger women
C) Older men
D) Older women

Question 49

Pasquale is fearful of heights and flying, which has hampered his career. According to DSM-5, his condition would be diagnosed as:

A) agoraphobia.
B) panic disorder.
C) specific phobia.
D) posttraumatic stress disorder.

Question 50

In Freud's analysis of the Little Hans case, Little Hans' fear of horses was seen as:

A) caused by a traumatic event involving horses.
B) caused by a frightening dream about horses.
C) symbolic of his fear of his father.
D) symbolic of his fear of unicorns.

Question 51

More and more students are experiencing _________ today.

A) Eating disorders
B) Generalized anxiety disorder
C) Separation anxiety disorder
D) Post-traumatic stress disorder

Question 52

Separation anxiety disorder is an anxiety disorder that affects:

A) Children
B) Adults
C) Children and adults
D) Separation anxiety disorder is not really an anxiety disorder - it's a normal experience of childhood

Question 53

A large epidemiological study conducted in the U.S. by Blanco et al. (2008) showed a one-year prevalence for anxiety disorders of _____ among university students aged 19 to 25.

A) 12%
B) 10%
C) 6%
D) none of the above

Question 54

Acrophobia is a fear of:

A) Water
B) Spiders
C) Heights
D) Airplanes

Question 55

Regarding anxiety disorders among Canadian university students, Norton et al. (2008) found that 1 in 25 students met the DSM-IV criteria for _____.

A) panic attacks
B) social phobia
C) agoraphobia
D) specific phobias

Question 56

Regarding anxiety disorders among Canadian university students, Norton et al. (2008) found that _____ met the DSM-IV criteria for a panic attack.

A) 2.1%
B) 3.2%
C) 4.3%
D) 5.1%

Question 57

Lily lives in China; she has a terrifying fear that she will die from loss of body heat, a culture-bound disorder termed:

A) Taijinkyofusho
B) Amok
C) Yin-yang
D) Pa-leng

Question 58

Comparisons of generalized social phobia versus specific social phobias indicate that:

A) Specific social phobias have an earlier age of onset
B) Specific social phobias, relative to generalized social phobia, have greater comorbidity with other disorders
C) Specific social phobias, relative to generalized social phobia, have more severe impairment
D) None of the above

Question 59

The most common specific phobias in order are:

A) Animal phobias, heights, and being in closed spaces
B) Animal phobias, being in closed spaces, and flying
C) Being in closed spaces, and flying, and being in or on water
D) Being in closed spaces, being in water, and seeing blood and getting injection

Question 60

Regarding anxiety disorders among Canadian university students, Norton et al. (2008) found that university students who meet the DSM-IV criteria for a panic attack had experienced _____ panic attacks on average over the previous year.

A) 3
B) 4
C) 5
D) 6

Question 61

In their investigation of specific social phobias, Blote et al. (2009) stated that _____ was qualitatively and quantitatively different from other subtypes.

A) anxiety related to eating in restaurants
B) public speaking anxiety
C) attending parties
D) none of the above

Question 62

Whenever John, a 10-year-old boy, is allowed to go outside to play with his peers, he becomes very anxious. He usually asks instead if he can stay inside to play alone. When he is unable to stay in, he begins to cry and complains of a stomach ache. What is the most likely diagnosis for John?

A) Separation anxiety
B) School phobia
C) Depression
D) Social phobia

Question 63

Which model suggests that phobias develop when a neutral stimulus is paired with a traumatic event so that escaping the stimulus becomes reinforcing?

A) Arieti's psychoanalytic theory
B) Avoidance conditioning
C) Vicarious learning
D) Autonomic lability

Question 64

Symone doesn't go anywhere without her iPhone - she has it with her 24/7 and even bought a waterproof case so she could have it with her when she bathes. She is constantly worried that she will miss out on something if she does not have her phone with her. She is most likely experiencing:

A) Taphephobia
B) Nomophobia
C) Ergasiophobia
D) Social Phobia

Question 65

"This patient has a phobia of elevators because he had a frightening experience in an elevator when he was a young child." This statement would most likely be made by a clinician from which paradigm?

A) Biological
B) Psychoanalytic
C) Humanist
D) Behavioural

Question 66

Mock magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have been conducted to evaluate:

A) Panic disorder
B) Blood injection phobias
C) Claustrophobia
D) Ergasiophobia

Question 67

Stein and his colleagues analyzed data from the Ontario Mental Health Supplement and have reported that ________ is associated with an increased likelihood of dropping out of school.

A) agoraphobia
B) separation anxiety
C) social phobia
D) panic disorder

Question 68

An adolescent monkey observes its mother responding fearfully to a snake. Later, the adolescent monkey responds with fear when shown a snake. This is an illustration of the _________ theory of phobia.

A) avoidance conditioning
B) psychoanalytic
C) vicarious learning
D) two-factor

Question 69

Jim was bitten by a goose when he was a child. Now, as an adult when he goes to ponds where geese flock, he experiences fear and leaves. His anxiety subsides once he leaves. This illustrates the ________________ theory of phobias.

A) two-factor
B) psychoanalytic
C) learning
D) cognitive

Question 70

Watson and Rayner used ________ to condition a fear of white rats in Little Albert.

A) operant conditioning
B) observational learning
C) classical conditioning
D) all of the above

Question 71

Ted is fearful of most social situations, whereas Andrea is primarily fearful of giving speeches. Given this, one could infer:

A) That Ted's fear began at an earlier age
B) That Ted may be less likely to abuse alcohol
C) That Andrea has less impairment
D) That Andrea's fear began at an earlier age

Question 72

The study of Little Albert's phobia of a white rat

A) demonstrated that phobias may be symbolic of underlying fears.
B) demonstrated that phobias may sometimes be learned through classical conditioning.
C) has been successfully replicated numerous times.
D) provided a successful model for the treatment of phobias in children.

Question 73

After viewing tapes of monkeys apparently showing fear of snakes, lambs, and flowers, monkeys who viewed these tapes were only fearful of snakes. This provides only partial support for ________ but better support for ________.

A) modeling; classical conditioning
B) vicarious learning; avoidance learning
C) modeling; preparedness
D) preparedness; diathesis

Question 74

Research by Olsson and Phelps (2004) suggests that Pavlovian conditioning and observational learning

A) work independently in the development of fear responses.
B) work in combination to develop phobias when observing another person's fear response.
C) work in combination to develop phobias only when there is conscious stimulus awareness.
D) play no role in the development of phobias.

Question 75

The etiology of phobias, according to behavioural theories, involve

A) prolonged exposure to the feared object or situation.
B) modeling.
C) classical conditioning.
D) learning.

Question 76

An individual diagnosed with a social phobia

A) exhibits paranoid symptoms, believing others are plotting to hurt him or her.
B) is unable to speak in the presence of other people.
C) is terrified of being in public places and may become housebound.
D) becomes extremely anxious in activities done in the presence of other people.

Question 77

The first onset of social phobia is usually during:

A) Infancy
B) Childhood
C) Adolescence
D) Early adulthood

Question 78

Wallace and Alden (1997) and Moscovitch et al. (2009) found that socially anxious people:

A) Tend to view themselves negatively although they have performed well in social interactions
B) That they are less certain about their negative self-views
C) View their negative attributes as less important as compared to those without social phobia
D) Tend to be more critical of less anxious people

Question 79

Stanfeld et al. (2008) revealed that the prevalence of social phobia was higher among people who :

A) Had never married or had divorced
B) Not completed secondary education
C) Reported low quality of life
D) All of the above

Question 80

Results Mental Health Supplement of the Ontario Health Survey indicated that social phobia was positively correlated with:

A) Dropping out of school
B) Number of siblings in the home
C) Poor physical health
D) None of the above