Deck 4: Moral Reasoning and Criminal Justice Ethics

Question 1

Moral reasoning involves which of the following?

A) Application of standards or rules from a system of ethics (e.g., Utilitarianism)
B) Resolution of a moral dilemma
C) A moral agent
D) All of the above

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Morally salient facts in any situation are known as:

A) Moral claims
B) Moral issues
C) Moral obligations
D) Moral dilemmas

Answer 2

B

Question 3

If, in deciding whether to lie to my shift supervisor about my partner's use of excessive force to arrest a suspect accused of raping a 10 year-old girl, I determine whether lying about my partner's behavior is more like lying to protect the innocent or to protect my interests, I have engaged in which form of reasoning?

A) Analogical
B) Utilitarian
C) Deontological
D) None of the above

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Prima facie duties:

A) Are the same as moral ideals
B) Consider consequences
C) Involve analogical thinking
D) Refer to morally significant relations between people

Question 5

Moral learning:

A) Arises in part from the emotions involved in moral reasoning
B) Occurs partly as a by-product of after-the-fact reactions to a situation
C) Involves generating moral insights we previously were unable to do
D) All of the above

Question 6

These are considered the specific errors people often make in their moral reasoning:

A) Error of double standards
B) "Mine-is-better" thinking
C) Fallacies
D) None of the above

Question 7

This is the type of reasoning many of us used as children:

A) Error of double standards
B) "Mine-is-better" thinking
C) Fallacies
D) Error of unwarranted assumptions

Question 8

This involves using one set of criteria for judging our behavior and another for judging the behavior of others:

A) Error of double standards
B) "Mine-is-better" thinking
C) Fallacies
D) Error of unwarranted assumptions

Question 9

This occurs when we take too much for granted when making a moral judgment about our own behavior or that of another:

A) Error of double standards
B) "Mine-is-better" thinking
C) Fallacies
D) Error of unwarranted assumptions

Question 10

This occurs when we go beyond making the facts in the case manageable and end up distorting them:

A) Error of oversimplification
B) Error of hasty conclusions
C) Error of tu quoque
D) All of the above

Question 11

Moral reasoning is the process by which a moral agent resolves a moral dilemma confronting him or her.

Question 12

Reasoning by analogy is a tool used to sort relevant information and obligations from those that are not relevant.

Question 13

In moral reasoning, knowing that one has obligations and there are guiding rules or principles to help resolve moral dilemmas is satisfactory.

Question 14

Moral dumbfoundedness describes a situation where one acts instinctively and is unable to offer justification for why the dilemma was resolved as it was.

Question 15

When I use different logic to resolve similar moral dilemmas, I am violating the law of noncontradiction.

Question 16

Consistency reasoning states that one should identify prima facie duties as the basis for selecting which obligation(s) should take precedence for resolving a moral dilemma.

Question 17

Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development has been criticized on both methodological and theoretical grounds.

Question 18

Moral deliberation occurs when one attempts to establish the truth of a particular moral claim on the basis of one or more general moral principles.

Question 19

Moral arguments consist of a general moral principle (GMP), one or more factual claims (FC), and a derivative moral judgment (DMJ) or conclusion.

Question 20

To conclude that lying is morally wrong by reciting a set of facts about the behavior constitutes a valid moral judgment

Question 21

The argument that sex education in high schools causes promiscuity among teenagers illustrates the error of ____________________.

Question 22

A conservative religious leader who proclaims that "no one who is in the faith, and true to that faith, can accept the scourge of abortion perpetrated by godless heathens such as Planned Parenthood that are destroying our society" has engaged in an erroneous _________________

Question 23

____________ describes an error in moral reasoning where issues raised in an argument are not relevant to the conclusion drawn from them.

Question 24

____________ describes an error in reasoning where one has reached a conclusion about the morality of some behavior after carelessly "reading into" the case certain facts that were omitted.

Question 25

_____________ is the morally salient facts in any situation.

Question 26

_____________ is reality-based knowledge, but the reality is relational and not material.

Question 27

_______ is using one set of criteria for judging our behavior and another for judging the behavior of others.

Question 28

To avoid the error of _______________, one should find the facts that are missing and carefully assess the full case.

Question 29

When an accused argues that his or her accusers are just as guilty of wrong doing, he or she has committed the error in reasoning known as ___________________.

Question 30

To argue a policy of separating young children from their parents who seek asylum after illegally crossing the U.S. border is morally acceptable because most people agree with it illustrates the error in moral reasoning known as ____________________.

Question 31

Pick a criminal justice issue and develop an argument that includes a general moral principle, factual claim and derivative moral judgement or conclusion based on deontology.

Question 32

Pick a criminal justice issue and develop an argument that includes a general moral principle, factual claim and derivative moral judgement or conclusion based on teleology.

Question 33

Pick a criminal justice issue and develop an argument that includes a general moral principle, factual claim and derivative moral judgement or conclusion based on virtue.