Deck 6: Behavioral Ecology

Question 1

Communication occurs when

A) an action by one individual alters the behavior of another.
B) information is shared.
C) the stimulus-response reaction is altered.
D) information flows both directions.
E) none of the above

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following do not contribute to heritability in the narrow sense?

A) additive genetic variance.
B) dominance.
C) environmental variation.
D) selection.
E) none of the above

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Bateman's principle states that

A) males experience greater variation in reproductive success than females.
B) females experience greater variation in reproductive success then males.
C) male and female reproductive success must be equal.
D) heritability of male traits is higher than for female traits.
E) none of the above

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Exaggerated male traits

A) are never adaptive.
B) are indicators of male fitness.
C) repel females.
D) select for exaggerated female traits.
E) none of the above

Question 5

Polygyny is more likely to occur when

A) females are widely scattered.
B) males outnumber females.
C) critical resources are defensible.
D) males live longer than females.
E) none of the above

Question 6

Purely monogamous systems

A) do not occur in nature.
B) are characteristic of lek species.
C) cannot be proven.
D) require no paternal care.
E) none of the above

Question 7

Which of the following is a mismatch?

A) autogamy/self-fertilization
B) apomixis/sexual reproduction
C) monoecious/male and female flower on same individual
D) dioecious/separate male and female individuals
E) none of the above

Question 8

Territoriality in the golden-winged sunbird occurs if

A) their food plants are widely scattered.
B) there are many species of food plants in a patch.
C) the caloric cost of reproduction is less than the energy cost of defense.
D) the caloric value of the patch is less than the energy cost of defense.
E) none of the above

Question 9

The adaptive value of pre-saturation dispersal

A) is unknown.
B) is economic resources.
C) is inbreeding avoidance.
D) ensures monogamy.
E) none of the above

Question 10

Under inbreeding the frequency of the homozygous recessives is

A) q².
B) 2pqF.
C) 1.0.
D) q² + pqF.
E) none of the above

Question 11

The coefficient of relationship for full sibs is

A) 0.5.
B) 0.125.
C) O.25.
D) 0.75.
E) none of the above

Question 12

If a grandparent gives an alarm call and is always killed but the call saves a grandchild (r = 0.25) by what factor would the alarm call have to increase the grandchild's survival?

A) more than 0.25
B) more than 1.0
C) more than 2.0
D) more than 4.0
E) none of the above

Question 13

Which of the following are not eusocial?

A) ants
B) wasps
C) termites
D) acorn woodpeckers
E) none of the above

Question 14

Eusociality in vertebrates

A) is common.
B) occurs in harsh environments.
C) only occurs in haplodiploid species.
D) requires low levels of inbreeding.
E) none of the above

Question 15

Cooperative breeding is more likely to occur when

A) successful dispersal is difficult.
B) long distance dispersal is possible.
C) inbreeding has no effect..
D) most individuals are unrelated
E) none of the above

Question 16

In song sparrows

A) the song is entirely innate.
B) young birds must hear adults sing to develop the song.
C) the song develops normally even in deaf birds.
D) the song is not genetically coded.
E) none of the above

Question 17

Male tree crickets that mate successfully have

A) larger heads.
B) smaller heads.
C) higher survival.
D) large legs.
E) none of the above

Question 18

Male-biased dispersal contributes to altruism in Belding's ground squirrels.

Question 19

In haplodiploids females are more closely related to their offspring than to their sisters.

Question 20

Inbreeding depression is the result of excess homozygous dominant genotypes in the population.

Question 21

There is no known adaptive advantage to pre-saturation dispersal.

Question 22

The territory encompasses the entire home range.

Question 23

Female choice operates in lek species.

Question 24

Females are usually the limiting sexual resource in populations.

Question 25

Self-incompatibility is an adaptation to decrease inbreeding in plants.

Question 26

Polyandry is the most common mating system in vertebrates.

Question 27

Female defense polygyny is an adaptation to protect females from predators.

Question 28

__________ is a mating system in which males mate with more than one female whereas in __________ females mate with more than one male.

Question 29

In __________ plants the male reproductive structures develop first.

Question 30

Saturation dispersal occurs when __________.

Question 31

The relative ability to get one's genes into future generations is the __________.

Question 32

Female choice leads to __________.

Question 33

Many eusocial species have high levels of __________.

Question 34

Why do extreme male phenotypes represent "truth in advertising"?