Deck 11: Schizophrenia

Question 1

Schizophrenia is one of the most severe mental disorders.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Flat affect is a negative symptom of schizophrenia.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Stress interacts with biology to produce schizophrenia.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Bleuler considered the breaking of associative threads the essential property of schizophrenia.

Question 5

Regular sibling pairs are as likely as fraternal (dizygotic) twins to both have schizophrenia.

Question 6

Low birth weight is a risk factor for schizophrenia only when there is prenatal exposure to the flu.

Question 7

It is possible that several major mental disorders all stem from the same genes.

Question 8

Childhood infections that impact the central nervous system doubles the risk of adult schizophrenia.

Question 9

Inappropriate affect is a negative symptom of schizophrenia.

Question 10

Catatonic immobility and waxy flexibility are the same thing.

Question 11

Schizoaffective disorder is listed in DSM-5.

Question 12

Avolition is the negative symptom most closely related to poor life functioning/quality of life.

Question 13

Schizophrenia has similar prevalence rates across cultural groups.

Question 14

The most common positive symptom of schizophrenia is visual hallucination.

Question 15

In DSM-5, all subtypes of schizophrenia have been eliminated.

Question 16

Serotonin is the neurotransmitter most highly implicated in schizophrenia.

Question 17

Catatonic schizophrenia was the second most common subtype (after paranoid schizophrenia).

Question 18

Paranoid schizophrenia is different than delusional disorder.

Question 19

The dementia in dementia praecox is different than dementia of old age.

Question 20

Lack of illness awareness in people with schizophrenia is thought to implicate the prefrontal cortex.

Question 21

Families high in expressed emotion are lower in schizophrenia.

Question 22

Schwartz et al. (2006) reported that _____ of a sample of individuals with schizophrenia showed evidence of substance use disorders.

A) 18%
B) 25%
C) 37%
D) 49%

Question 23

The lifetime prevalence of schizophrenia is:

A) 0.5%
B) 1.0%
C) 3.0%
D) 4.5%

Question 24

The ultimate goal of treatment for schizophrenia is for the patient to be medication and symptom free.

Question 25

A recent Canadian study (McMillan et al., 2009) examined the U.S. National Epidemiological Survey of Alcohol and Related Conditions. The researchers found the following regarding comorbid disorders among individuals with schizophrenia:

A) Comorbid personality disorders are common and impact the course and the clinical management of schizophrenia.
B) Treatment should include evaluation of co-occurring substance-use disorders (especially cannabis and alcohol dependence.)
C) Attention to associated mood (i.e., major depressive disorder) and anxiety syndromes may be important for optimal outcomes.
D) All of the above.

Question 26

Whitehorn et al. (2004), from Nova Scotia, revealed that the rate of hospitalization of individuals suffering for schizophrenia was:

A) 25%
B) 32%
C) 46%
D) 54%

Question 27

The male:female ratio in schizophrenia is:

A) 1.4
B) 1.3
C) 1.25
D) 1.2

Question 28

Haloperidol (Haldol) is the single best medication for treating schizophrenia.

Question 29

More homeless Americans are mentally ill than homeless Canadians.

Question 30

One goal of family therapy for schizophrenia is to reduce expressed emotion.

Question 31

Case management for schizophrenic patients grew out of the dehospitalization movement.

Question 32

In Canada the suicide rate among individuals with schizophrenia is:

A) 3.5%
B) 4.2%
C) 7.5%
D) 10%

Question 33

Conley et al. (2007) prospectively measured the link between depressive symptoms and functional outcomes in long-term treatment of individuals with schizophrenia. Results showed that about _____ were depressed at the outset.

A) 20%
B) 30%
C) 40%
D) 50%

Question 34

Medication is the least important component of a schizophrenia treatment program.

Question 35

Cognitive-behavioural therapy can be helpful for patients with schizophrenia.

Question 36

Goldner et al.'s meta-analysis of cultural differences in schizophrenia indicated that:

A) The prevalence of schizophrenia does not vary significantly across geographic regions
B) European populations tend to have lower prevalence rates
C) Asian populations tend to have lower prevalence rates
D) African populations tend to have lower prevalence rates

Question 37

Data support the social-selection theory over the sociogenic hypothesis to explain the relationship between low social class and schizophrenia.

Question 38

Conley et al. (2007) prospectively measured the link between depressive symptoms and functional outcomes in long-term treatment of individuals with schizophrenia. Results showed that at 3-year follow-up, those who were depressed at the outset were also:

A) less likely to use relapse-related mental health resources
B) to be a safety concern (e.g., violent, arrested, victimized, suicidal)
C) to have better medication adherence
D) all of the above

Question 39

Lobotomies were replaced by medication as the primary biological treatment for schizophrenia.

Question 40

Schizophrenia involves major disturbances in:

A) Thought
B) Emotion
C) Behaviour
D) All of the above

Question 41

A disorder of thought content would be:

A) Hallucinations.
B) Delusions.
C) Poverty of speech.
D) Incoherence.

Question 42

Joanna, a 30-year-old woman with schizophrenia, believes that everyone can hear her thoughts. She hides in her room for fear that the men she encounters will hear her thoughts about becoming intimate with them. This is an example of:

A) Hallucination.
B) Alogia.
C) Delusion.
D) Derailment.

Question 43

A symptom of schizophrenia is said to be a positive symptom if:

A) It is included on the list of symptoms with better prognosis
B) It has a clear genetic basis
C) It involves a deficit in a tendency that normally would be present
D) It involves an excess that is not present in other people

Question 44

Which of the following diagnosis is the most heterogeneous in terms of symptoms?

A) Depression
B) Schizophrenia
C) Bipolar disorder
D) Brief psychotic disorder

Question 45

Among schizophrenics who suffer from delusions, a large majority experience

A) delusions of persecution.
B) thought broadcast.
C) delusions of impulses imposed by others.
D) hallucinations with the delusions.

Question 46

Why might the prevalence of schizophrenia be higher in Canada than the rest of the world?

A) Because it's so cold
B) Because people drink more
C) Because of the high latitude
D) Because Canadian culture shuns the experience of hallucinations and delusions

Question 47

"When I am trying to relax and read a book, my father puts his thoughts into my head so that I cannot concentrate." This statement by a schizophrenic patient is an example of what type of symptom?

A) Affective
B) Motor
C) Positive
D) Negative

Question 48

Raquel has been diagnosed with schizophrenia, and she also experiences an anxiety disorder. Which anxiety disorder is found to be comorbid most often?

A) Generalized anxiety disorder
B) Post-traumatic stress disorder
C) Panic disorder
D) Social anxiety disorder

Question 49

"My thoughts get all jumbled up. I start thinking or talking about one thing but then by the time I get to the end of the sentence, I find myself talking about something else instead." This is an example of which of the following symptoms of schizophrenia?

A) Delusions
B) Loose associations
C) Alogia
D) Avolitions

Question 50

Tyler was recently treated for his first episode of schizophrenia. Upon leaving the hospital, he is told that the remission rate is about:

A) 1 in 2
B) 1 in 3
C) 1 in 4
D) 1 in 5

Question 51

During an acute episode of schizophrenia, the most prominent symptom(s) are

A) disorientation.
B) positive symptoms.
C) difficulty concentrating.
D) inability to bathe and take care of personal business.

Question 52

Most hallucinations experienced by people with schizophrenia are

A) visual.
B) tactile.
C) auditory.
D) olfactory.

Question 53

The following are examples of positive symptoms of schizophrenia:

A) Social support, physical health.
B) Low activity level, lack of intense emotional responses.
C) Hallucinations and delusions.
D) Coping skills, which are different for different individuals and help them to manage their illness.

Question 54

Formal thought disorder in schizophrenia refers to

A) delusions.
B) anhedonia.
C) disorganized speech.
D) hallucinations.

Question 55

Walter Heinrichs (1993, 2001) of York University in Toronto suggested that

A) the key to understanding schizophrenia is to recognize the heterogeneity of the disorder.
B) that there are several specific traits or characteristics that are shared by all persons with schizophrenia.
C) there is very little empirical support for Schizophrenia as a distinct disorder in the DSM-IV.
D) A and C

Question 56

Hospitalization rates for schizophrenia in psychiatric hospitals in Canada are about:

A) 10%
B) 20%
C) 30%
D) 40%

Question 57

Another term for 'loose associations' is

A) derailment.
B) delusion.
C) disorganized speech.
D) incoherence.

Question 58

Among people with schizophrenia, those who suffer from delusions represent _____ approximately.

A) 25%
B) 35%
C) 55%
D) 65%

Question 59

Up to 70% of people diagnosed with schizophrenia will also be diagnosed with _________.

A) substance abuse
B) homelessness - Axis IV
C) dissociative identity disorder
D) antisocial personality disorder

Question 60

Walter Heinrichs (2001) of York University suggested that:

A) The key to understanding schizophrenia is to recognize the heterogeneity of the disorder
B) That there are several specific traits or characteristics that are shared by all persons with schizophrenia
C) Executive (frontal) system impairments characterize the typical neuropsychological test pattern in schizophrenia
D) Thought disorder is the most prominent cognitive symptom of schizophrenia

Question 61

It has been reported that _____ of people with schizophrenia experience auditory hallucinations.

A) 24%
B) 44%
C) 54%
D) 74%

Question 62

As compared to positive symptoms in schizophrenia, negative symptoms are characterized by:

A) behavioural deficits
B) lethargy, catatonia, inappropriate affect
C) difficulty concentrating, low intelligence, poor memory.
D) all of the above

Question 63

Carlos has schizophrenia and lives with his parents. One of his symptoms is a difficulty initiating any activity, and once started, he is unable to finish. This is an example of

A) akathisia.
B) anhedonia.
C) avolition.
D) alogia.

Question 64

Negative symptoms in schizophrenia can be difficult to distinguish from particular aspects of:

A) Anxiety
B) Depression
C) Obsessive-compulsive disorder
D) Delusional disorder

Question 65

Roger has a vacant stare. He answers questions in an apathetic, monotonous voice, and shows no emotion, even when discussing events such as his mother's death. Roger's affect would be described as

A) depressed.
B) inappropriate.
C) blasé.
D) flat.

Question 66

When an individual with schizophrenia shows flat affect, that individual

A) does not experience emotions.
B) does not express emotions.
C) does not experience physiological arousal in emotionally intense situations.
D) All of the above.

Question 67

The presence of many negative symptoms is a strong predictor of _____ two years following hospitalization.

A) relapse
B) poor quality of life
C) suicide
D) good quality of life

Question 68

The symptom alogia refers to lack of

A) intelligence.
B) energy and interest.
C) emotional response.
D) meaningful talk.

Question 69

James is struggling with schizophrenia. He also finds it difficult to experience pleasure from activities that he enjoyed before his symptoms began. This is an example of

A) alogia.
B) anhedonia.
C) avolition.
D) asociality.

Question 70

A study by Kring and Neale (1996) found that in comparison to normal participants, clients with schizophrenia

A) were much less facially expressive
B) experienced more physiological arousal
C) reported the same amount of emotion
D) all of the above

Question 71

In a study of patients from the Hamilton Program for Schizophrenia, Goldberg and Schmidt found that people with schizophrenia have:

A) Greater sociability
B) Greater shyness
C) Greater childhood aggression
D) Greater drug use

Question 72

Flat affect, anhedonia, and alogia are ________ symptoms of schizophrenia

A) positive
B) negative
C) instrumental
D) contradictory

Question 73

A deficit in motivation, known as _________, seems to predict poorer life functioning in people with schizophrenia.

A) Alogia
B) Asociality
C) Apathy
D) Flat affect

Question 74

Schizophrenics with impaired social relationships have a characteristic known as:

A) Antisociality
B) Asociality
C) A shut-in personality
D) Infantile autism

Question 75

Research has shown that the presence of negative symptoms in schizophrenia is associated with:

A) Improved social relations
B) Later onset of symptoms
C) Cognitive decline
D) Occupational adjustment

Question 76

In support of "asociality" as a negative symptom of schizophrenia, the Hamilton (Ontario) Program for Schizophrenia found that people with schizophrenia

A) have greater shyness.
B) report more childhood social troubles.
C) little interest in being with other people.
D) All of the above

Question 77

_________ is also known as formal thought disorder

A) Anhedonia
B) Dissociation
C) Disorganized speech
D) Flat affect

Question 78

Remus, who has been diagnosed with schizophrenia, frequently arrives for doctors' appointments with "bed head", stains on his clothes, and strong body odour, and he appears indifferent to this display. This behaviour is best described by:

A) Disorganized thoughts
B) Alogia
C) Asociality
D) Avolition

Question 79

The following are examples of negative symptoms of schizophrenia:

A) Blunted emotions, lack of initiative.
B) Hallucinations and delusions.
C) Difficulty concentrating, low intelligence, poor memory.
D) Catatonic immobility, waxy flexibility.

Question 80

The asocial characteristics of schizophrenia are often:

A) The last symptoms to appear, almost as though they are a consequence of the disorder.
B) Appear before the onset of psychotic symptoms
C) Appear following the first psychotic episode
D) Not troublesome to the person with schizophrenia