Deck 13: Personality Disorders

Question 1

The traits of people with personality disorders are different than the traits of people without personality disorders.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Narcissistic personality disorder is more common than histrionic personality disorder.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Cluster A personality disorders are related to schizophrenia.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The best way to diagnose personality disorders is to have people complete the NEO (Five-Factor Model).

Question 5

People with schizoid personality disorder are likely to be perceived by others as loners.

Question 6

Borderline personality disorder tends to be comorbid with mood disorders.

Question 7

More convicted felons are diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder than psychopathy.

Question 8

The term "borderline" in borderline personality refers to people who experience it being on the borderline between sane and insane.

Question 9

People with personality disorders are often not distressed about their behaviour.

Question 10

Schizotypal personality disorder is well-differentiated from other personality disorders.

Question 11

Personality disorder not otherwise specified (PDNOS) is the most common personality disorder diagnosis.

Question 12

Personality disorders are diagnosed on Axis II of DSM-5.

Question 13

Personality disorders may be best diagnosed in a dimensional manner.

Question 14

Antisocial personality disorder and psychopathy are the same thing.

Question 15

Both histrionic and narcissistic personality disorders have self-centeredness as a key symptom.

Question 16

University students are most likely to be diagnosed with narcissistic personality disorder.

Question 17

The key distinguishing feature between antisocial personality disorder and psychopathy is how people experience emotion.

Question 18

People with paranoid personality disorder experience less dysfunction than those with paranoid schizophrenia.

Question 19

Schizotypal personality disorder is more common among children of schizophrenics.

Question 20

Linehan's diathesis-stress theory is the most widely accepted explanation of the etiology of borderline personality disorder.

Question 21

Dependent personality disorder is more prevalent in North America than elsewhere in the world.

Question 22

Personality disorders differ from normal personality traits by:

A) Longstanding and dysfunctional behaviour.
B) A loss of contact with reality.
C) Involving personality traits that have become entirely self-defeating in nature.
D) All of the above.

Question 23

Most people who have been diagnosed as having a personality disorder:

A) Would be better described using one of the Axis I disorders.
B) Have a pervasive developmental disorder as well.
C) Have more than one personality disorder.
D) Have only one personality disorder.

Question 24

Compared to normal people, the personalities of people with personality disorders are:

A) Remarkably similar.
B) Out of touch with reality.
C) Categorically different but not out of touch with reality.
D) More extreme.

Question 25

The disorders in the anxious/fearful cluster are thought to have their roots in parent-child relationships.

Question 26

The Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) is one of the best predictors of recidivism.

Question 27

People are typically distressed and seek treatment for personality disorders.

Question 28

According to Livesley and his colleagues from the University of British Columbia, how do people with personality disorders compare to normal people?

A) People with personality disorders have extreme forms of the same personality structures.
B) People with personality disorders differ qualitatively from normal people in the traits they exhibit.
C) People with personality disorders are more egosyntonic than normal people.
D) Only those people with severe personality disorders differ qualitatively from normals, while those with clinical personality disorders exist on a continuum with normal people.

Question 29

Which of the following life task failures has not been identified by Livesley (1998) as being indicative of a personality disorder?

A) Engaging in prosocial behaviours
B) Establishing autonomy
C) Forming stable representations of self and others
D) Developing relationships

Question 30

Medication is the single best treatment for personality disorders.

Question 31

Antisocial personality disorder is virtually impossible to treat.

Question 32

Tests of the continuity versus discontinuity of personality disorders have found evidence suggesting that ________ may represent a discrete, discontinuous category

A) narcissistic personality disorder
B) paranoid personality disorder
C) antisocial personality disorder
D) passive-aggressive personality disorder

Question 33

The reliability of personality disorders has improved by:

A) Improving the theoretical basis for each personality disorder.
B) Showing an interrelationship with Axis I disorders.
C) Developing clear diagnostic criteria.
D) Paying closer attention to their possible presence.

Question 34

Dialectical behaviour therapy is a combination of psychodynamic and cognitive-behavioural therapies.

Question 35

Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder is often comorbid with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Question 36

One goal of therapy for people with borderline personality disorder is for them to stop splitting.

Question 37

Personality disorders are defined as:

A) Maladaptive behaviour that consistently violates the rights of others.
B) Inflexible patterns of behaviour which impair social and occupational functioning.
C) Any psychological disorder having an onset before age 12 and recurring at least three times during adult life.
D) A chronic pattern of extreme instability in relationships, mood, and self-image.

Question 38

The personality disorder with the highest test-retest reliability when the reliability of the diagnosis is assessed is:

A) Borderline personality disorder
B) Antisocial personality disorder
C) Paranoid personality disorder
D) Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

Question 39

Durbin and Klein (2006) examined the stability of personality diagnoses in a mood disorder population and found that:

A) Ten-year stability coefficients using categorical diagnoses was relatively good
B) Stability coefficients increased as the time interval increased
C) Consistent with previous research, cluster A personality disorders had the greatest stability over time
D) Stability coefficients are highest when a dimensional approach is taken

Question 40

Avoidant personality disorder is often comorbid with social phobia.

Question 41

What is the third-most prevalent type of personality disorder diagnosed via structured interviews?

A) Avoidant Personality Disorder
B) Paranoid Personality Disorder
C) Personality Disorder Not Otherwise Specified
D) Narcissistic Personality Disorder

Question 42

A five-factor personality analysis by Alden and associates led them to conclude that avoidant personality disorder is the only personality disorder characterized by:

A) High neuroticism and high extraversion
B) High neuroticism and high introversion
C) High agreeableness and high conscientiousness
D) Low agreeableness and low openness

Question 43

Personality disorders and episodic disorders:

A) Can co-occur in the same person
B) Cannot occur simultaneously in the same person?c) Are coded on different axes of DSM-5?d) Were coded on the same axis of DSM-IV

Question 44

Research by UBC's John Livesley has shown that when people with personality disorders take a general personality disorder test their profile is:

A) Strikingly similar to normal people's profile
B) Vastly different to normal people's profile
C) Similar to normal people's profile but more extreme
D) Different from normal people's profile on neuroticism

Question 45

Livesley and Jackson (2002) developed the DAPP-BQ self-report personality questionnaire:

A) To reflect factors of neuroticism, extroversion/introversion, openness to experience, agreeableness/antagonism, conscientiousness
B) To reflect factors of emotional dysregulation, dissocial behaviour, inhibitedness and compulsivity
C) Which differentiates neuroticism and emotional dysregulation and differentiates dissocial behaviour from psychoticism
D) Which exemplifies a categorical approach to personality assessment unlike the dimensional approach of the NEO-Personality Inventory-Revised

Question 46

In DSM-5, personality disorders are diagnosed:

A) On Axis II
B) Categorically?c) Dimensionally?d) Based on test results

Question 47

A major problem that remains in diagnosing personality disorders is:

A) Low reliability on retest.
B) Poor interrater reliability.
C) Unstructured diagnostic criteria.
D) Very low occurrence in the population for most of the disorders.

Question 48

How stable are personality disorders?

A) Fairly stable once a person reaches adulthood
B) Fairly unstable throughout the lifespan?
C) Stable during adulthood; unstable adolescence and old age?
D) There is no clear answer to this question

Question 49

According to John Livesley from the University of British Columbia there are three types of life tasks that are important and failure with any one of these tasks warrants a personality disorder diagnosis. Which of the following is not one of the three tasks?

A) The formation of stable, integrated and coherent representations of self and others
B) The development of the capacity for intimacy and positive affiliation with other people
C) Self-regulatory skills which permits for a balanced approach to cope with the stress of life
D) Functioning adaptively in society by engaging in prosocial and cooperative behaviours

Question 50

Self-report measures of personality disorders:

A) Overestimate the number of cases when the actual number of cases is evaluated with a diagnostic interview.
B) Accurately measure the number of cases when the actual number of cases is evaluated with a diagnostic interview.
C) Underestimate the number of cases when the actual number of cases is evaluated with a diagnostic interview.
D) None of the above; accuracy varies and is not constant across self-report measures.

Question 51

A new scale was developed for the proposed changes to personality disorders in DSM-5) Two dimensions emerged that were different from the five-factor model. They are:

A) Negative affect and disinhibition
B) Antagonism and psychoticisim
C) Detachment and antagonism
D) Psychoticism and disinhibition

Question 52

Which of the following is one of the five-factors from the NEO-Personality Inventory-Revised?

A) Narcissism
B) Emotionality
C) Obsessionality
D) Agreeableness

Question 53

Andrea has been diagnosed with psychopathy. According to research conducted by Harpur, Hart, and Hare (1994), how would we describe her personality in terms of McCrae and Costa's five-factor model?

A) Low levels of neuroticism and agreeableness
B) High levels of neuroticism and low levels of agreeableness and conscientiousness
C) High levels of agreeableness but low levels of conscientiousness
D) Low levels of introversion, neuroticism, and conscientiousness

Question 54

Low reliability for a personality disorder suggests:

A) People with the disorder did not, in fact, have problems functioning normally in daily life.
B) Clinicians diagnosing patients had difficulty agreeing on whether a patient had the disorder or not.
C) People with the disorder at one point in time had recovered by the follow-up assessment.
D) People with the disorder often had other personality disorders as well.

Question 55

Borderline Personality Disorder would be associated most likely with which factor from the five-factor model of personality?

A) Extraversion/introversion
B) Openness to experience
C) Neuroticism/antagonism
D) Agreeableness/antagonism

Question 56

When a person lacks insight into their own personality, this phenomenon is called:

A) Egosyntonic
B) Egocentric
C) Psychological mindlessness
D) Psychological unawareness

Question 57

The 18 personality trait scales of the Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology - Basic Questionnaire (DAPP - BQ) reflect the following higher order factors:

A) Emotional dysregulation, narcissism, inhibitedness, compulsivity
B) Emotional dysregulation, callousness, impulsivity, compulsivity
C) Emotional dysregulation, dissocial behaviour, impulsivity, compulsivity
D) Emotional dysregulation, dissocial behaviour, inhibitedness, compulsivity

Question 58

Saying that a personality disorder is egosyntonic means that:

A) The person lacks the ability to seek help.
B) The person does not experience personal distress.
C) The problems the person experiences do not match his/her knowledge of him/herself.
D) The problems the person experiences seem like a minor hassle.

Question 59

Meta-analysis research (Verheul & Widiger, 2004) found that the third most prevalent personality disorder diagnosed via structured interviews is ______________, with prevalence rates ranging from 8% to 13% of clinical samples.

A) borderline personality disorder
B) antisocial personality disorder
C) narcissistic personality disorder
D) personality disorder not otherwise specified

Question 60

Which of the following statements about the links between psychopathy and the five-factor model is true?

A) Psychopaths are low in neuroticism
B) Psychopaths are high on conscientiousness
C) Psychopaths are high on antagonism
D) Psychopaths are low in agreeableness

Question 61

Tyrer et al. (2007) concluded the following regarding the assessment of personality disorders:

A) Assessment is inaccurate and largely unreliable
B) Assessment is infrequently wrong and in need of improvement
C) Assessment is accurate under specific circumstances
D) Assessment is inaccurate unless there are two raters

Question 62

Empirical evidence suggests that a fourth cluster (Cluster d) of personality disorders would exist. The primary disorder in this category would be what is currently known as:

A) Borderline personality disorder
B) Anti-social personality disorder
C) Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
D) Dependent personality disorder

Question 63

According to findings from Trull and colleagues (1995), the PSY-5 constraint scale is robustly associated with:

A) Schizotypal personality disorder
B) Antisocial personality disorder
C) Paranoid personality disorder
D) Borderline personality disorder

Question 64

One way to enhance the assessment and diagnosis of personality disorders is to:

A) Have the client answer questions under hypnosis
B) Conduct a retrospective review of school records?
C) Have the client's significant other contribute information?
D) Conduct the interview in a neutral location

Question 65

University students are more likely to experience:

A) Dependent personality disorder
B) Narcissistic personality disorder?
C) Anti-social personality disorder?
D) Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

Question 66

Which of the following personality disorders falls in the anxious/fearful cluster?

A) Paranoid
B) Borderline
C) Avoidant
D) Histrionic

Question 67

What does the updated 2009 version of the MMCI-III now contain?

A) New language to reflect the changing times
B) Therapy-guiding facet scales
C) A new treatment approach called 'personalized therapy'
D) Questions about substance use, since many people with personality disorders also use drugs

Question 68

Millon's Clinical Multiaxial Inventory is used to assess:

A) Severe personality pathology
B) Specific clinical syndromes
C) Response styles such as random responding
D) All of the above

Question 69

According to the MCMI-III, which three personality pathology scales are grouped as severe?

A) Schizoid, sadistic, self-defeating
B) Narcissistic, histrionic, avoidant
C) Schizotypal, borderline, paranoid
D) Antisocial, sadistic, passive-aggressive

Question 70

Tom is highly suspicious and believes that others are looking to exploit him. Which of the following personality disorders is the best diagnosis for Tom?

A) Paranoid
B) Borderline
C) Schizoid
D) Schizotypal

Question 71

The PSY-5 consists of personality disorder dimensions derived from responses to:

A) The Rorschach Inkblot Test
B) The Jackson Basic Personality Inventory
C) The MMPI-2
D) The Schedule for Negative Affect and Positive Affect

Question 72

The personality traits tapped by the DSM-5 personality disorders category

A) are categorical; that is, a person either has or does not have the trait in question.
B) are situational; that is, they are thought to exist only in a limited set of circumstances.
C) exist on a continuum; that is, they are present to varying degrees in almost everyone.
D) are very rare; that is, most people do not exhibit them.

Question 73

A recent investigation (Bagby et al., 2008) concluded that two assessment tools were reliable in diagnosing 10 personality disorders. Which assessment tools were they referring to?

A) MMPI-II and NEO- PI(R)
B) NEO-PI(R) and PSY-5
C) PSY-5 and MMPI-II
D) MMPI-II and MCMI-III

Question 74

University students:

A) Are immune to personality disorders
B) Experience personality disorders at a higher rate than non-students?
C) Experience personality disorders at a lower rate than non-students?
D) Are more likely than not to experience a personality disorder

Question 75

Which of the following personality disorders falls in the dramatic/erratic cluster?

A) Paranoid
B) Borderline
C) Avoidant
D) Dependent

Question 76

The PSY-5 assesses:

A) Negative emotionality
B) Low positive emotionality
C) Psychoticism
D) All of the above

Question 77

A concern with the use of 'cut-off points' in self-report measures to diagnose personality disorders is that they

A) are psychometrically unfeasible.
B) fail to provide a diagnostic category diagnosis.
C) provide over-consistency with structured interview diagnoses.
D) overestimate prevalence.

Question 78

Millon and Grossman's (2007) personalized therapy for personality disorders consists of:

A) Modifying therapeutic approaches to fit the unique demands of clients
B) Adjusting CBT to fit the unique needs of clients
C) Modifying therapeutic approaches to fit the clients' personality styles
D) Adjusting psychoanalytic approaches to fit the clients' history

Question 79

What were the main findings in a University of Alberta study by Sinha and Watson that compared three self-report measures of personality disorders (the MCMI, MMPI, and the CATI)?

A) There was a high degree of correspondence between the scales.
B) While the three scales yielded similar results for women, results for men differed for all three scales.
C) For both women and men, prevalence rates differed depending on which scale was used.
D) The tests differed in terms of their diagnostic reliability.

Question 80

Which of the following personality disorders falls in the odd/eccentric cluster?

A) Paranoid
B) Borderline
C) Avoidant
D) Histrionic