Deck 1: The Foundation of Physiology

Question 1

Which statement is correct for extracellular fluid?

A) It is the external environment of the body.
B) It is inside each cell.
C) It consists of the plasma and interstitial fluid.
D) It consists of plasma only.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of a positive feedback system?

A) body temperature regulation
B) birth of a baby
C) room temperature regulation
D) blood pH regulation

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The hormone insulin enhances the transport of glucose (sugar)from the blood into most of the body's cells.Its secretion is controlled by a negative-feedback system between the concentration of glucose in the blood and the insulin-secreting cells.Therefore,which of the following statements is correct?

A) A decrease in blood glucose concentration stimulates insulin secretion, which in turn further lowers the blood glucose concentration.
B) An increase in blood glucose concentration stimulates insulin secretion, which in turn lowers the blood glucose concentration.
C) A decrease in blood glucose concentration stimulates insulin secretion, which in turn increases the blood glucose concentration.
D) An increase in blood glucose concentration stimulates insulin secretion, which further increases the blood glucose concentration.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which statement regarding endocrine glands is correct?

A) They consist of ducts.
B) They secrete hormones internally into the blood.
C) They are derived from connective tissue.
D) They include the salivary glands.

Question 5

Which of the following tissues can be found on the outer layer of the skin?

A) connective tissue
B) endocrine tissue
C) epithelial tissue
D) muscle tissue

Question 6

Which of the following is a mechanistic rather than a teleological explanation of a physiological phenomenon?

A) A person breathes to obtain oxygen.
B) A person sweats to cool off.
C) A person's stomach secretes digestive juices because it is stimulated by the nervous system.
D) A person's heart beats to pump blood.

Question 7

Which of the following is/are a type of connective tissue?

A) exocrine glands
B) bone
C) blood
D) both bone and blood.

Question 8

Which of the following statements is NOT true for connective tissue?

A) Bone is a connective tissue.
B) Blood is a connective tissue.
C) Elastin can be found in the extracellular material of connective tissue.
D) Connective tissue forms coverings and linings of the body cavities.

Question 9

Platelets,which have negatively charged cell membranes,adhere to the positively charged surface of a torn blood vessel.As they do so,they release substances that attract more platelets to the damaged area and change the charge on their cell membranes to positive.More platelets adhere to the damaged area.The cycle repeats until the damaged area is sealed.What sort of feedback loop is formed?

A) This is a positive feedback loop because the response reinforces the initial change.
B) This is a negative feedback loop because the response opposes the initial stimulus.
C) This is a negative feedback loop because having too many platelets in one area blocks blood flow.
D) This is a positive feedback loop because the response prevents a person from hemorrhaging to death.

Question 10

Sweating is initiated in response to a rise in body temperature that occurs on exposure to a hot environment.Evaporation of the sweat cools the body.What kind of example is this?

A) negative feedback
B) positive feedback
C) feedforward mechanism
D) intrinsic (local) control mechanism

Question 11

Which statements regarding stem cells is correct?

A) They are well differentiated embryonic cells.
B) They may reproduce just one time.
C) Their daughter cells may differentiate into a number of different specialized cell types.
D) They cannot be readily grown.

Question 12

Which sequence represents the correct hierarchy of biological organization?

A) cell, organ, tissue, system, organism
B) cell, tissue, organ, system, organism
C) tissue, cell, system, organism, organ
D) organ, tissue, cell, organism, system

Question 13

In which of the body systems is calcium mainly stored?

A) endocrine system
B) integumentary system
C) muscular system
D) skeletal system

Question 14

Which of the following is correctly matched?

A) anatomy/body function
B) bacteria/multicellular
C) organs/one primary tissue
D) physiology/body function

Question 15

Which of the following systems mainly distributes nutrients and oxygen through the body?

A) circulatory system
B) digestive system
C) endocrine system
D) integumentary system

Question 16

What are the two systems concerned with the control of body functioning by extrinsic controls?

A) nervous and respiratory
B) nervous and endocrine
C) endocrine and respiratory
D) endocrine and lymphatic

Question 17

Which of the following type of tissues uses the terminology "smooth"?

A) connective tissue
B) epithelial tissue
C) glandular tissue
D) muscle tissue

Question 18

When a blood capillary is cut,a clot forms under which feedback control system?

A) negative feedback
B) positive feedback
C) extrinsic control
D) feedforward

Question 19

Which statement concerning negative feedback is FALSE?

A) Negative feedback exists when a change in a regulated variable triggers a response that opposes the change.
B) Negative feedback exists when the input to a system increases the output and the output limits its own production by inhibiting the input.
C) With negative feedback, a control system's input and output continue to enhance each other.
D) Most of the body's homeostatic control mechanisms operate on the principle of negative feedback.

Question 20

Which statement is correct for the respiratory system?

A) It eliminates unwanted substances from the body.
B) It consists of the heart, blood vessels, and lungs.
C) It plays an important role in maintaining the proper pH of the internal environment by adjusting the rate of removal of acid-forming carbon dioxide.
D) It is responsible for taking up nutrients for the body.

Question 21

Organs are composed of two or more kinds of primary tissues.

Question 22

All cells are capable of reproducing.

Question 23

Cells eliminate carbon dioxide as a waste product.

Question 24

To sustain life,the internal environment must be maintained in an absolutely unchanging state.

Question 25

Enzymes are carbohydrates.

Question 26

Blood is a type of connective tissue.

Question 27

The lungs remove carbon dioxide from the blood plasma.

Question 28

Which statement does NOT describe the study of physiology?

A) identifying the location of the stomach and how it is related to the location of pancreas
B) describing the factors that affect cardiac output
C) describing the process by which nerve impulses are transmitted
D) explaining how the hormone thyroxin is synthesized in the thyroid glands

Question 29

A mechanistic explanation of why a person breathes is to obtain oxygen.

Question 30

In a negative feedback loop,which component produces a response that changes a controlled condition?

A) receptor
B) control centre
C) effector
D) set point

Question 31

A lumen is a cavity within a hollow organ or tube.

Question 32

Muscle cells produce movement by expanding.

Question 33

Tissues are composed of two or more types of cells organized to perform a particular function or functions.

Question 34

The external environment is found outside cells but inside the body.

Question 35

A mechanistic explanation of why a person sweats is to cool off.

Question 36

Endocrine glands secrete hormones through ducts into the blood.

Question 37

Highly differentiated tissues such as nervous and cardiac muscle are incapable of new cell production.

Question 38

Glands are formed during embryonic development by pockets of epithelial tissue that dip inward from the surface.

Question 39

Factors that are homeostatically regulated are maintained at a constant,fixed level unless disease is present.

Question 40

Not all activities performed by the muscular and nervous systems are directed toward maintaining homeostasis.

Question 41

Feedforward mechanisms bring about a response in reaction to a change in a regulated variable.

Question 42

The endocrine system functions with the circulatory system for the transport of hormones.

Question 43

A ____________________ is a collection of organs that perform related functions and interact to accomplish a common activity that is essential for survival of the whole body.

Question 44

Secretion refers to the release from a cell,in response to appropriate stimulation,of specific products that have in large part been synthesized by the cell.

Question 45

____________________ glands secrete through ducts in the skin.

Question 46

Most homeostatic mechanisms operate on the principle of positive feedback.

Question 47

The skin is part of the integumentary system.

Question 48

Exocrine glands are the only structures in the body capable of secretion.

Question 49

The concentration of salt in the extracellular fluid influences how water enters and leaves cells.

Question 50

Some organs,such as the heart,skin,and intestine,belong to more than one body system.

Question 51

With positive feedback,a control system's input and output continue to enhance each other.

Question 52

The smallest unit capable of carrying out the processes associated with life is the ____________________.

Question 53

All proteins are enzymes.

Question 54

____________________ are composed of two or more types of primary tissue organized to perform a particular function or functions.

Question 55

____________________ muscle tissue composes the heart.

Question 56

Negative feedback operates to maintain a controlled factor in a relatively steady state,whereas positive feedback moves a controlled variable even further from a steady state.

Question 57

____________________ cells are specialized to send electrical signals.

Question 58

Intestine,heart,and skin do not consist of hormone-secreting cells.

Question 59

All stem cells are found in the umbilical cord.

Question 60

The plasma surrounds and bathes all of the body's cells.

Question 61

MATCHING
Indicate which tissue is being identified by using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all).
A.nervous tissue
b.epithelial tissue
c.muscle tissue
d.connective tissue
The heart is made of this type of tissue.

Question 62

____________________ are the blood vessels in which materials are mixed between the blood plasma and the interstitial fluid.

Question 63

MATCHING
Indicate which tissue is being identified by using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all).
A.nervous tissue
b.epithelial tissue
c.muscle tissue
d.connective tissue
The digestive tract is lined with this tissue.

Question 64

MATCHING
Indicate which tissue is being identified by using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all).
A.nervous tissue
b.epithelial tissue
c.muscle tissue
d.connective tissue
Glands are a derivative of this tissue type.

Question 65

The ____________________ system is the transport system of the body.

Question 66

MATCHING
Indicate which tissue is being identified by using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all).
A.nervous tissue
b.epithelial tissue
c.muscle tissue
d.connective tissue
This tissue type is made up of cells specialized in the exchange of materials between the cell and its environment.

Question 67

MATCHING
Indicate which tissue is being identified by using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all).
A.nervous tissue
b.epithelial tissue
c.muscle tissue
d.connective tissue
Bone is this tissue type.

Question 68

____________________ tissue is composed of cells specialized for contraction and force generation.

Question 69

The internal environment consists of the ____________________,which is made up of ____________________,the fluid portion of the blood,and ____________________,which surrounds and bathes all cells.

Question 70

____________________ refers to maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment.

Question 71

MATCHING
Indicate which tissue is being identified by using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all).
A.nervous tissue
b.epithelial tissue
c.muscle tissue
d.connective tissue
This tissue type is composed of cells specialized for contraction.

Question 72

Homeostasis is primarily operated by ____________________ mechanisms.

Question 73

The ____________________ system consists of all hormone-secreting tissues.

Question 74

The ____________________ system eliminates waste products other than carbon dioxide and plays a key role in regulating the volume,electrolyte composition,and acidity of the extracellular fluid.

Question 75

The ____________________ system controls and coordinates bodily activities that require swift responses,especially to changes in the external environment.

Question 76

The two major control systems of the body are the ____________________ and the ____________________.

Question 77

The body cells are in direct contact with and make life-sustaining exchanges with the ____________________.

Question 78

The ____________________ is the liquid part of the blood.

Question 79

MATCHING
Indicate which tissue is being identified by using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all).
A.nervous tissue
b.epithelial tissue
c.muscle tissue
d.connective tissue
This tissue type connects,supports,and anchors various body parts.

Question 80

____________________ refers to the abnormal functioning of the body associated with disease.