Deck 3: Womens Bodies

Question 1

Which of the following is not one of the structures of the vulva?

A) Mons veneris
B) Labia majora
C) Labia minora
D) Vestibule
E) Anus

Answer 1

E

Question 2

The line of fusion between the left and right side of the pubic bones is called the

A) pubic symphysis.
B) mons veneris.
C) perineum.
D) crura.
E) mons pubis.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

In some cultures, women stretch their _______ for cosmetic reasons.

A) cervix
B) breasts
C) labia minora
D) labia majora
E) uterus

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The clitoral hood is formed from the

A) shaft of the clitoris.
B) labia majora.
C) glans of the clitoris.
D) vestibule.
E) labia minora.

Question 5

The fatty folds of skin that run down from the mons on either side of the vulva are the

A) labia minora.
B) labia majora.
C) vestibules.
D) inner lips.
E) pubic symphysis.

Question 6

Which of the following is not one of the structures of the vestibule?

A) Clitoris
B) Urethral opening
C) Introitus
D) Labia majora
E) Bartholin's glands

Question 7

Cosmetic surgery is most commonly performed on which part of the vulva?

A) Breasts
B) Labia minora
C) Labia majora
D) Fallopian tubes
E) Cervix

Question 8

The only certain function of the clitoris is to

A) provide excitement for the male.
B) aid in the retention of sperm.
C) provide sexual pleasure for the female.
D) mediate orgasm.
E) help a woman to conceive a pregnancy.

Question 9

Contraction of the _______ tightens the introitus.

A) bulbospongiosus muscle
B) ischiocavernosus muscle
C) Kegel muscles
D) anal sphincters
E) crura

Question 10

Contraction of the _______ causes the clitoral glans to hide under the clitoral hood.

A) bulbospongiosus muscle
B) ischiocavernosus muscle
C) Kegel muscles
D) crura
E) prepuce

Question 11

Erectile tissue within the glans of the clitoris consists of a single

A) bulbospongiosus muscle.
B) corpus cavernosum.
C) prepuce.
D) crura.
E) corpus spongiosum.

Question 12

The mixture of clitoral hood lubricant, dead cells, and bacteria is called

A) prepuce.
B) smegma.
C) vestibule.
D) mons.
E) bacterial vaginosis.

Question 13

Two internal extensions of the clitoris that give the entire structure a wishbone shape are the

A) glans.
B) vulva.
C) mons.
D) crura.
E) vestibular bulbs.

Question 14

Which of the following is not part of the type of female circumcision called infibulation?

A) Removal of the urethra
B) Clitoridectomy
C) Removal of the labia minora
D) Removal of the clitoral hood
E) Sewing together of the labia majora

Question 15

The most invasive female circumcision procedure, widely practiced in Sudan, is called

A) sunnah.
B) clitoridectomy.
C) excision.
D) infibulation.
E) orchidectomy.

Question 16

The least invasive version of female circumcision is

A) sunnah.
B) clitoridectomy.
C) clitoral excision.
D) infibulation.
E) pharaonic circumcision.

Question 17

The introitus is the _______ opening.

A) urethral
B) anal
C) vaginal
D) perineal
E) mammary gland

Question 18

Which of the following medical conditions does not result in abnormal menstrual bleeding?

A) Imperforate hymen
B) Imperforate anus
C) Fibroids
D) Endometriosis
E) Both c and d

Question 19

A hymen with numerous small openings is called

A) annular.
B) septate.
C) imperforate.
D) absent.
E) cribriform.

Question 20

The outermost portion of the female reproductive tract is the

A) uterus.
B) fallopian tube.
C) vagina.
D) perineum.
E) anus.

Question 21

For which of the following are Kegel exercises not an effective treatment?

A) Sexual dysfunction
B) Infertility
C) Urinary incontinence
D) Fecal incontinence
E) Poor tone of the pelvic floor muscles

Question 22

The mucosal surface of the vagina normally has a pH of

A) 1.0‒2.0.
B) 2.0‒3.0.
C) 4.0‒5.0.
D) 6.0‒7.0.
E) 8.0‒9.0.

Question 23

A woman who cannot feel very much during vaginal intercourse may have decreased nerve function of the

A) inner portion of her vagina.
B) cervix.
C) mons veneris.
D) outer portion of her vagina.
E) perineum.

Question 24

Which of the following is a factor that can predispose a woman to candidiasis infection?

A) HIV infection
B) Pap tests
C) Early puberty
D) Late puberty
E) Breast cancer

Question 25

The _______ is an area of heightened sensitivity on the anterior wall of the vagina.

A) glans of the clitoris
B) Bartholin gland
C) G-spot
D) urethra
E) introitus

Question 26

The _______ offers more pleasure during penetration than the _______, largely because it is _______.

A) internal anal sphincter muscle; rectum; easier to relax
B) rectum; anus; closer to the penis/clitoris
C) rectum; anus; more sensitive
D) internal anal sphincter muscle; external anal sphincter muscle; smaller
E) anus; rectum; tighter and more innervated

Question 27

Menstrual blood comes from the _______ layer of the uterus.

A) myometrial
B) endometrial
C) peritoneal
D) cervix
E) urethral

Question 28

The cramps experienced by some women during menstruation are

A) myometrial contractions.
B) endometrial contractions.
C) involuntary contractions of the peritoneal layer.
D) striated muscle contractions of the uterus.
E) perimetrial contractions.

Question 29

Which of the following is not a factor that predisposes a woman to cervical cancer?

A) HPV infection
B) Chlamydia infection
C) Smoking
D) HIV/AIDS
E) Early puberty

Question 30

A microscopic examination of cells from the cervix is called a

A) pelvic exam.
B) Pap test.
C) laparoscopy.
D) colposcopy.
E) mammogram.

Question 31

Symptom-free women who are 40 years of age or older are encouraged to have a pelvic examination

A) annually.
B) every two years.
C) every three years.
D) every five years.
E) every ten years.

Question 32

Women in the age group of _______ years are advised to have a Pap test every 2 years.

A) 16‒21
B) 21‒29
C) 35‒45
D) 46‒55
E) 56‒70

Question 33

An 84% survival rate is associated with endometrial cancer. How many women with this diagnosis are expected to survive 5 years after receiving their diagnosis?

A) None
B) 0.84 out of 100
C) 8.4 out of 100
D) 16 out of 100
E) 84 out of 100

Question 34

You are advising a 35-year-old woman about annual health screening. If she is healthy, has no risk factors for cervical cancer, and practices safe sex, you would recommend

A) a Pap test and mammogram annually.
B) a Pap test and mammogram every 3 years.
C) a Pap test annually.
D) a Pap test every 3 years and then, starting at age 50, a mammogram every two years.
E) no screening.

Question 35

The uterine condition in which the uterus sags downward into the vagina is called

A) fibroids.
B) endometriosus.
C) hysterectomy.
D) uterine prolapse.
E) candidiasis.

Question 36

_______ exercises help to prevent uterine prolapse.

A) Clitoral
B) Perineal
C) Cervical
D) Kegel
E) Freudian

Question 37

Which of the following is not a likely risk factor for uterine prolapse?

A) Older age
B) Childbirth
C) Anorexia
D) Obesity
E) Smoking

Question 38

In the United States, approximately _______% of women have had a hysterectomy by the age of 60.

A) 5
B) 10
C) 20
D) 30
E) 50

Question 39

The portion of the oviduct consisting of a fringe of finger-like extensions is the

A) isthmus.
B) ampulla.
C) infundibulum.
D) fimbria.
E) crura.

Question 40

The separation between a woman's _______ and _______ allows a continuous pathway to exist from the outside of her body into her pelvic cavity.

A) cervix; vagina
B) labia; vagina
C) labia; cervix
D) fimbria; ovary
E) ampulla; ovary

Question 41

About _______ out of 100 women with a diagnosis of ovarian cancer will survive at least 5 years.

A) 10
B) 25
C) 50
D) 65
E) 75

Question 42

In the ovaries, cells that support the developing eggs are the

A) granulosa cells.
B) thecal cells.
C) oocytes.
D) follicles.
E) antrum.

Question 43

The central cavity in mature ovarian follicles is called an

A) ova.
B) ampulla.
C) oocyte.
D) ovum.
E) antrum.

Question 44

From birth to the onset of puberty, a woman loses approximately _______% of her ova.

A) 5
B) 10
C) 35
D) 50
E) 65

Question 45

Which of the following statements about female breasts is false?

A) They vary considerably among all individuals.
B) They differ in size due to the amount of fatty tissue.
C) They may contain extra nipples.
D) They have both erotic and reproductive functions.
E) Women with breasts smaller than a B-cup bra size generally cannot produce adequate amounts of milk.

Question 46

Milk-secreting cells of the breasts are arranged around small cavities called

A) nipples.
B) alveoli.
C) areolae.
D) lobules.
E) fat tissue.

Question 47

Which of the following are present only in the breasts of lactating women?

A) Alveoli
B) Mammary glands
C) Areolae
D) Nipples
E) Lobules

Question 48

About _______ women are diagnosed with invasive breast cancer in the United States each year.

A) 20,000
B) 40,000
C) 180,000
D) 250,000
E) 400,000

Question 49

Which of the following is not a risk factors for developing breast cancer?

A) BRCA1 gene mutations
B) Early menarche
C) Early menopause
D) Postmenopausal hormone therapy
E) Old age

Question 50

A woman's chances of developing breast cancer may be decreased by all of the following except

A) maintaining a healthy weight.
B) exercising regularly.
C) limiting your alcohol intake.
D) having a hysterectomy.
E) not using oral contraceptives as your form of birth control.

Question 51

About _______% of biopsied breast lumps are cancerous.

A) 10
B) 20
C) 30
D) 40
E) 50

Question 52

Surgical removal of a portion of a breast lump for microscopic examination is called

A) biopsy.
B) lumpectomy.
C) mastectomy.
D) hysterectomy.
E) mammography.

Question 53

The word vulva refers to the

A) vagina.
B) uterus.
C) vagina and clitoris.
D) uterus and oviduct.
E) entire external genitalia of the female.

Question 54

The _______ is/are not part of the structure of the clitoris.

A) vestibule
B) corpora cavernosa
C) glans
D) vestibular bulbs
E) All of the above are part of the clitoris.

Question 55

Women who find their vulvas unattractive tend to be _______. Some of these women might undergo a surgical procedure called a _______ that reduces the size of their labia.

A) overweight; labectomy
B) suffering from low self-esteem; labioplasty
C) well adjusted, but not sexually experienced; labectomy
D) self-conscious during sexual interactions; labioplasty
E) suffering from low self-esteem; labectomy

Question 56

The erectile tissue within the clitoral shaft consists of _______ corpora cavernosa that lie _______.

A) four; parallel
B) three; side by side
C) three; parallel
D) two; perpendicular
E) two; side by side

Question 57

The erectile tissue within the clitoral glans consists of

A) the corpus spongiosum.
B) the corpora cavernosa.
C) cavernous bodies.
D) the clitoral hood.
E) All of the above

Question 58

Ointment-like lubricants from the underside of the clitoral hood dry and mix with dead cells and bacteria, forming a pasty substance called

A) prepuce.
B) smegma.
C) introitus.
D) mucosa.
E) vestibule.

Question 59

The most invasive of the different types of female circumcision is _______. During this procedure the clitoris _______ removed.

A) infibulation; is
B) sunnah; is
C) clitoridectomy; is not
D) clitoridectomy; is
E) infibulation; is not

Question 60

Kristin goes to see her doctor because she has noticed a large cyst on her labia minora. Based on what you have read in the textbook, this is most likely a

A) paraurethral cyst.
B) Bartholin's cyst.
C) perineal cyst.
D) pubococcygeal cyst.
E) cyst of the introitus.

Question 61

The surface of the vagina

A) is mildly acidic.
B) contains bacteria.
C) is pink in color.
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Question 62

Janice goes to see her doctor because she has vaginal discomfort, itching, and a thick white discharge. Based on what you have read in the textbook, she probably has

A) candidiasis.
B) vaginosis.
C) pyelonephritis.
D) fibroids.
E) a functional cyst.

Question 63

The G-spot probably consists of _______ and is reported by _______.

A) the bulbourethral glands; a minority of women
B) Bartholin's glands; most women
C) the paraurethral glands; a minority of women
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Question 64

The external anal sphincter is under _______ control. The inner anal sphincter is under _______ control.

A) autonomic; conscious
B) conscious; autonomic
C) mental; physical
D) physical; mental
E) parasympathetic; sympathetic

Question 65

Colposcopy

A) is performed when precancerous changes are seen in cervical cells.
B) involves taking a biopsy of precancerous lesions.
C) destroys precancerous lesions.
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Question 66

The principal risk factor for cervical cancer is infection with

A) chlamydia.
B) Gardnerella vaginalis.
C) human papillomavirus (HPV).
D) gonorrhea.
E) HIV.

Question 67

Jennifer is about to have a Pap test. Her doctor explains that the sample he takes from her will be evaluated by a microscopic examination of _______ from the _______.

A) mucus; vagina
B) cells; cervix
C) bacteria; cervix
D) cells; vagina
E) mucus; vulva

Question 68

Fibroids are noncancerous tumors of the

A) labia majora.
B) ovaries.
C) oviduct smooth muscle.
D) vaginal wall.
E) uterine smooth muscle.

Question 69

Often ovarian cancer is diagnosed

A) in younger women.
B) during a Pap test.
C) after it has spread.
D) by self-examination.
E) None of the above

Question 70

Functional cysts

A) usually regress without treatment.
B) may be diagnosed during a pelvic exam.
C) are usually normal ovarian follicles that have not yet ovulated.
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Question 71

Polycystic ovary syndrome is a condition characterized by all of the following except

A) multiple small cysts in the ovaries.
B) menstrual irregularity.
C) infertility.
D) high levels of androgens.
E) vaginal pain and discomfort.

Question 72

Mutations of the genes BRCA1 or BRCA2 account for about _______% of cases of breast cancer.

A) 4
B) 10
C) 25
D) 50-60
E) 90

Question 73

Adele is 42, she drinks a couple of glasses of wine a day, started her periods at the age of 10, and has never had any children, although she would like to someday soon. What type of reproductive pathology is she at an increased risk of developing?

A) Endometriosis
B) Breast cancer
C) Ovarian cancer
D) Fibroids
E) Uterine prolapse

Question 74

Which of the following is not a risk factor for breast cancer?

A) Having a first-degree relative with breast cancer
B) Obesity
C) A high-protein diet
D) Alcohol consumption
E) Older age

Question 75

About 1 in _______ biopsied breast lumps turns out to be cancerous.

A) 5
B) 9
C) 12
D) 20
E) 23

Question 76

Breast cancer immunotherapy involves the use of _______ to block _______.

A) protein synthesis inhibitors; cell division
B) antibodies; cell division
C) protein synthesis inhibitors; growth factor receptors
D) antibodies; growth factor receptors
E) receptor molecules; cell division

Question 77

June has undergone treatment for invasive breast cancer. She has had surgery, radiation and chemotherapy, and has been "cancer free" for 18 months. Which of the following is the most likely psychological prognosis for her?

A) Her low-level depression will continue for a while, but will ultimately decrease as the "cancer free" time increases.
B) She will need ongoing therapy to help her rebuild her sexual self-confidence.
C) She will probably report a decrease in marital satisfaction.
D) She will have a positive outlook for her future and her future sex life.
E) With family support she will do fine.

Question 78

The scientific term for a woman's external genitalia is the _______.

Question 79

The _______ serves as a cushion for a woman's pubic area during sex.

Question 80

Two extensions of the clitoris, called the _______, are about 7 cm long and give the entire clitoris a wishbone structure.