Deck 5: Sex Hormones and Human Sexuality

Question 1

What provide(s) a connection between the nervous system and the reproductive system?

A) Fibroids
B) Hormones
C) The spinal cord
D) Neurotransmitters

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Why is the word "hormone" misleading?

A) The word "hormone" is derived from the Greek word meaning "male needs," but we now know that hormones are expressed by both males and females.
B) The word "hormone" is derived from the Greek word meaning "to grow," but we now know that hormones also affect our bodies in other ways as well.
C) The word "hormone" is derived from the Greek word meaning "to arouse," but we now know that hormones are related to many other functions in addition to arousal.
D) The word "hormone" is derived from the Greek word meaning "in the body," but we now know that hormones originated in the brain.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

What is uniquely true of all endocrine organs?

A) They all release sex hormones.
B) They all release hormones.
C) They all release chemicals.
D) They are all affected by hormones.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a hormone associated with sexual development, reproduction, and/or behaviour?

A) Progesterone
B) Testosterone
C) Estradiol
D) Prolactin

Question 5

In both men and women, what must be produced before estrogens can be synthesized?

A) Cortisol
B) Aldosterone
C) Androgens
D) Corticosterone

Question 6

The "HPG axis" is an abbreviation for __________.

A) hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis
B) humoral-pituitary-glandular axis
C) hypothalamic-parietal-gonadal axis
D) humoral-parietal-gonadal axis

Question 7

A hormone is considered a sex hormone if it has which of the following characteristics?

A) If the amount produced differs between males and females
B) If it is essential for reproduction
C) If it is only produced by one of the two sexes
D) If it plays a role in sexual maturity and reproduction

Question 8

A surge of which sex hormone triggers ovulation by rupturing the follicle that contains an ovum?

A) The luteinizing hormone
B) The follicle-stimulating hormone
C) Estrogen
D) Progesterone

Question 9

Which hormones are gonadotropic?

A) The luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone
B) The luteinizing hormone, androgens, and estrogens
C) Estrogens and progestogens
D) Androgens, estrogens, and progestogens

Question 10

Reproductive cycles begin at which point in the life cycle?

A) During fetal development
B) At birth
C) At puberty
D) At about age 18

Question 11

When during her cycle does a woman produce the most luteinizing hormone?

A) Just prior to menstruation
B) During menstruation
C) After ovulation
D) During ovulation

Question 12

Which sex hormone causes the maturation of an egg?

A) Estrogen
B) The luteinizing hormone
C) The follicle-stimulating hormone
D) Progesterone

Question 13

In the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, which sex hormone increases the complexity of the endometrium?

A) Progesterone
B) Estrogen
C) Androgen
D) The luteinizing hormone

Question 14

__________ may be strongly linked with libido and desire in males, and their insufficiency may cause a decrease in sexual desire in females.

A) Progestogens
B) Androgens
C) The luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone
D) Estrogens

Question 15

What is the role of the luteinizing hormone in creating sperm?

A) It stimulates the testes which them produce sperm.
B) It stimulates the pituitary and the pituitary produces testosterone, which then triggers sperm production.
C) It binds to cells in the testes, causing them to secrete testosterone, which stimulates the production of sperm.
D) It stimulates the production of the follicle-stimulating hormone, which binds to cells in the testes causing them to produce testosterone, which then results in the production of sperm.

Question 16

In both sexes, what physical changes occur at puberty due to increased levels of estrogens?

A) Cessation of the growth of the long bones
B) Growth of pubic and axillary hair
C) Increase in fat tissue
D) Increase in muscle mass

Question 17

What is the humans' main sex organ?

A) The uterus in females and the testes in males
B) The brain in females and the testes in males
C) The ovaries in females and the penis in males
D) The brain in both males and females

Question 18

Changes to the __________, due to exposure to specific hormones prior to birth, leads to male/female differentiation in the brain after birth.

A) hypothalamus
B) cerebral cortex
C) pituitary gland
D) thalamus

Question 19

If a male is born with XY chromosomes but without a penis, the child is most likely to have a happy outcome if the parents do which of the following?

A) Raise the child as a male.
B) Raise the child as a female.
C) Do not decide the child's gender for the child.
D) Raise the child as asexual, discouraging the adoption of either male or female tendencies.

Question 20

In men and women, where are androgen and estrogen receptors located?

A) They are distributed throughout the brain.
B) They are located in the hypothalamus.
C) They are located in the gonads.
D) They are dispersed throughout the body.

Question 21

Subjective sexual arousal in men and women is influenced by which hormones?

A) The luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone
B) Androgens and estrogens
C) Androgens
D) Estrogens

Question 22

The administration of which hormones have been used to treat sexual dysfunction in both men and women?

A) Androgens
B) Estrogens
C) The luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone
D) Progestogens

Question 23

What happens to a developing embryo if the SRY gene is not switched on?

A) Ovaries will develop.
B) The indifferent gonads will remain ambiguous.
C) Testes will develop.
D) Secondary sexual characteristics will not develop in males.

Question 24

In some regions of North Eastern Africa, why is circumcision performed?

A) Because of the belief that the foreskin is unclean
B) Because of the belief that to be male is to endure pain
C) Because of the belief that all children are born part male and part female and the foreskin is the female part on an otherwise male child
D) To differentiate sexually mature males from sexually immature males

Question 25

In some regions of North Eastern Africa, why is the clitoris is removed?

A) Because of the belief that women should not experience sexual pleasure
B) Because of a belief that a female is born with some male parts that need to be removed for her to be fully female
C) In preparation for the pain of childbirth
D) To show that a female is ready for marriage

Question 26

Increases in vasopressin is related to which of the following?

A) Increased aggression
B) Decreased aggression
C) Increased affiliation
D) Increased lactation

Question 27

Gail recently had a baby and finds herself feeling a sense of peace and happiness while breastfeeding her son. This is likely a result of which hormone?

A) Estrogen
B) Oxytocin
C) Vasopressin
D) Progesterone

Question 28

Prolactin-secreting tumours can lead to which of the following?

A) An increase in multiple births
B) An increase in sexual desire
C) Low sperm count
D) Decreased testicle size

Question 29

In humans, where are pheromones primary produced?

A) Apocrine glands
B) External genital area
C) Pituitary gland
D) Thyroid gland

Question 30

Researchers have repeatedly found that women prefer the smell of a t-shirt worn by what kind of man?

A) A physically strong man
B) A man who is genetically similar to them
C) A man who is genetically different from them
D) A man who produces more testosterone

Question 31

Max's pituitary gland is releasing too much prolactin. What is Max is most likely experiencing?

A) Low libido
B) High sex drive
C) Increased sperm production
D) Increase in breast tissue

Question 32

An example of an endocrine organ is __________.

A) a testis
B) the liver
C) the heart
D) the penis

Question 33

What do the testes and the brain have in common?

A) They are located in a similar part of the body.
B) They are made from similar cells.
C) They don't grow or change with age.
D) They are both endocrine organs.

Question 34

Hormones are released into __________.

A) the synapses
B) the blood
C) the muscles
D) the spinal cord

Question 35

All of the following are hormones linked to sexual behaviour or development EXCEPT __________.

A) insulin
B) estradiol
C) vasopressin
D) testosterone

Question 36

If a hormone level is too low, a feedback signal will tell the __________ to produce more.

A) liver
B) endocrine organs
C) brain
D) kidneys

Question 37

In which season are women MOST likely to become pregnant?

A) Spring
B) Summer
C) Fall
D) Winter

Question 38

In which season are women LEAST likely to become pregnant?

A) Spring
B) Summer
C) Fall
D) Winter

Question 39

There are __________ common patterns for the development and regulation of the reproductive cycles in humans.

A) five
B) two
C) three
D) four

Question 40

Polly's reproductive cycles will begin to develop at __________.

A) birth
B) age eight
C) puberty
D) adulthood

Question 41

The menstrual cycle involves the buildup and shedding of the __________.

A) endometrium
B) ova
C) follicles
D) uterus

Question 42

Estrogen has stimulated the growth of Ursula's uterine line. Ursula is in the __________ phase of her menstrual cycle.

A) luteal
B) follicular
C) premenstrual
D) menses

Question 43

Which of the following phases occurs before ovulation during the menstrual cycle?

A) The follicular phase
B) The luteal phase
C) The premenstrual phase
D) The menses phase

Question 44

Which phase of the menstrual cycle is MOST closely associated with increased progesterone?

A) Menses
B) Follicular phase
C) Secretory phase
D) Dormant phase

Question 45

Days 0 through 7 of the menstrual cycle comprise __________.

A) Menses
B) The luteal phase
C) The follicular phase
D) The secretory phase

Question 46

Estrogen levels rise rapidly during the __________ phase of the menstrual cycle.

A) menses
B) proliferative
C) secretory
D) premenstrual

Question 47

The luteinizing hormone levels are highest during __________.

A) menses
B) the luteal phase
C) ovulation
D) pregnancy

Question 48

Which area of the brain is extremely sensitive to hormones during gestational development?

A) The hypothalamus
B) The cerebellum
C) The reticular formation
D) The lateral geniculate nucleus

Question 49

Some researchers have suggested that variations in sexual orientation may result from different exposures to __________ during a critical developmental period of the sexual brain.

A) genes
B) hormones
C) behaviours
D) social norms

Question 50

Max was born female but is a transgender man. Before he began receiving gender-affirming hormones, his hormone levels would have been similar to __________.

A) a straight woman
B) a gay man
C) a lesbian
D) a transgender woman

Question 51

The sense of sexuality is the result of __________.

A) nature alone
B) nurture alone
C) a combination of nature and nurture
D) either nature or nurture - it depends on the person

Question 52

Chris has an XX chromosome pattern and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Chris will MOST likely identify as __________.

A) female
B) male
C) transsexual
D) bisexual

Question 53

Where in a man's body can estrogen receptors be found?

A) In the testes only
B) In the breast tissue only
C) Throughout the body
D) In the brain only

Question 54

Where in a woman's body can testosterone receptors be found?

A) In the ovaries only
B) In the breast tissue only
C) Throughout the body
D) In the brain only

Question 55

Which of the following hormones can increase genital sexual arousal in both men and women?

A) Testosterone
B) Estrogen
C) Progesterone
D) Oxytocin

Question 56

Marg is a menopausal woman. What hormone can she take to improve vaginal wall thickness and elasticity, lubrication, and vasocongestion?

A) Testosterone
B) Progesterone
C) Oxytocin
D) Estradiol

Question 57

Low levels of which hormone are sometimes found to be linked to low sexual desire in women?

A) Androgens
B) Progesterone
C) Oxytocin
D) Vasopressin

Question 58

Which hormone is the major androgen in humans?

A) Progesterone
B) Estradiol
C) Testosterone
D) Oxytocin

Question 59

Mark and Tina are both receiving the same hormone therapy to treat low levels of sexual desire. What does this therapy most likely consist of?

A) Progesterone
B) Oxytocin
C) Androgens
D) Estrogen

Question 60

Sexual activity increases levels of which hormone in women?

A) Testosterone
B) Estrogen
C) Progesterone
D) Vasopressin

Question 61

Amy and Megan are travelling the world together. They are extremely close friends but do not have a sexual relationship with each other. Which hormone level is MOST likely to increase as a result of this intimate relationship?

A) Estrogen
B) Progesterone
C) Estradiol
D) Testosterone

Question 62

In women, sexual arousal leads to a decrease in __________.

A) Cortisol
B) Androgens
C) Estrogen
D) Progesterone

Question 63

Ella has just started a new sexual relationship. As a result of sexual activity, Ella is producing more __________.

A) Cortisol
B) Estradiol
C) Oxytocin
D) Vasopressin

Question 64

Greg is taking part in an experiment where he is being asked to imagine sexual activity. What hormone changes will the researchers likely detect in Greg's blood as a result of this experiment?

A) An increase in testosterone
B) A decrease in vasopressin
C) An increase in cortisol
D) A decrease in estrogen

Question 65

Cora is looking forward to having sex with her boyfriend tonight. Her anticipation is likely resulting in an increase in which hormone?

A) Estrogen
B) Progesterone
C) Testosterone
D) Oxytocin

Question 66

Michael is viewing pornography as part of an experiment. Which hormone's level is likely to increase in his bloodstream as a result of the experiment?

A) Testosterone
B) Estrogen
C) Vasopressin
D) Cortisol

Question 67

Alice is viewing pornography as a part of an experiment. Which hormone's level is likely to increase in her bloodstream as a result of the experiment?

A) Estradiol
B) Testosterone
C) Estrogen
D) Progesterone

Question 68

Which hormone is strongly related to childbirth and lactation?

A) Estrogen
B) Progesterone
C) Oxytocin
D) Cortisol

Question 69

Maria has just had a baby and is breastfeeding. What hormone's level will likely be high in her bloodstream?

A) Oxytocin
B) Progesterone
C) Estrogen
D) Cortisol

Question 70

The higher the level of __________, the greater the level of maternal care in animals.

A) Oxytocin
B) Progesterone
C) Estrogen
D) Cortisol

Question 71

Which hormone is linked to both cardiovascular regulation and social/sexual functions?

A) Oxytocin
B) Vasopressin
C) Cortisol
D) Progesterone

Question 72

Which hormone seems to amplify the sense of physiological arousal in women?

A) Oxytocin
B) Estrogen
C) Androgens
D) Cortisol

Question 73

Which hormone may be responsible for the sense of contentment a woman feels after an orgasm?

A) Estrogen
B) Oxytocin
C) Vasopressin
D) The luteinizing hormone

Question 74

Helen has just had an orgasm and feels very content. This is most likely because her orgasm led to the release of __________.

A) progesterone
B) estrogen
C) estradiol
D) oxytocin

Question 75

Which hormone may help people overcome their natural avoidance of being in close proximity to others?

A) Oxytocin
B) Progesterone
C) Cortisol
D) Vasopressin

Question 76

In an experiment, Talia was administered a hormone, shown images of faces, and asked to rate each face on attractiveness and trustworthiness. She rated faces as more trustworthy than did Ali, who was not administered a hormone before seeing the images. What hormone was Talia most likely administered?

A) Progesterone
B) Oxytocin
C) Estradiol
D) Vasopressin

Question 77

All of the following have been linked to the feeling of "being in love," EXCEPT __________,

A) estrogen
B) dopamine
C) oxytocin
D) vasopressin

Question 78

What do the apocrine glands produce?

A) Estrogen
B) Testosterone
C) Pheromones
D) Cortisol

Question 79

Dr. Meyer is studying pheromones in humans and needs to collect sweat samples from study participants. Which area of the human body would NOT provide samples containing pheromones?

A) Area under the breasts
B) Armpits
C) Pubic area
D) Area behind the ears

Question 80

All of the following are categories of pheromones, EXCEPT __________.

A) food source
B) territorial
C) sexual
D) maternal-infant