Deck 18: Selling and Buying Sex

Question 1

Which of the following is technically not illegal in Canada?

A) Operating or visiting an establishment where sex trade work takes place
B) Human trafficking
C) Selling and buying sex
D) Offering or seeking out sex in exchange for money

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Approximately what percentage of American men admitted to paying for sex in a survey conducted in 2000?

A) 1.8 per cent
B) 4.2 per cent
C) 6.2 per cent
D) 10.8 per cent

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following provides some Asian countries with nearly 14 per cent of their gross national product?

A) Sex reassignment surgeries
B) Surrogate parenting
C) Sex trade work
D) Condom manufacturing

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which term is used to describe the commercial enterprises that deal with buying and selling sex-related services?

A) Pornification
B) Sex industry
C) Escort agency
D) All of the above

Question 5

Which term is used to describe a company that sends out sex trade workers to off-site locations such as homes, hotels, and motels?

A) Escort agency
B) Pornification
C) Sex industry
D) All of the above

Question 6

Which term is used to describe the process of making or becoming more visibly or explicitly sexual?

A) Sex industry
B) Pornification
C) Escort agency
D) All of the above

Question 7

What form of sex trade work has been deemed the "new slave trade"?

A) Sex tourism
B) Escort agencies
C) Pornification
D) Human trafficking

Question 8

A term for people who work in the sex trade that is neither demoralizing nor glamorizing is __________.

A) sex trade workers
B) call boys
C) call girls
D) prostitutes

Question 9

You're at a pub with some friends. The conversation veers from Canada's new prostitution laws to what counts as prostitution in the first place. You suggest that sex trade work is a much broader concept than a person accosting someone for sex on the street. You friend says, "Yeah, but technically __________ is not sex trade work."

A) giving someone a blowjob so that they take you shopping
B) sleeping with someone who took you out to a $200 dinner because you feel like you owe them
C) sleeping with your boss to get a promotion
D) All of the above situations are examples of sex trade work.

Question 10

Melissa exchanges sex for money through an escort agency. The most appropriate term for her is __________.

A) a prostitute
B) a whore
C) a sex trade worker
D) a sex worker

Question 11

In the text, why is the term "sex trade work" preferred over "prostitution" or "sex work"?

A) Prostitute can be a demeaning term that suggests an immorality of the person involved in the trade.
B) Sex worker can sound like an occupation that is fun and that doesn't have negative consequences.
C) It emphasizes involvement in the sex trade without being demoralizing or glamourizing of those involved in the work.
D) All of the above

Question 12

Which term refers to making sex trade work and activities related to it illegal?

A) Decriminalization
B) Criminalization
C) Abolition
D) Legalization

Question 13

Which term refers to dealing with sex trade work by making it legal but subject to regulations?

A) Decriminalization
B) Abolition
C) Criminalization
D) Legalization

Question 14

Which term refers to a legal option for dealing with sex trade work by allowing it and punishing those who exploit or coerce sex trade workers?

A) Legalization
B) Decriminalization
C) Abolition
D) Criminalization

Question 15

Which term refers to a legal option for dealing with sex trade work by repealing all laws governing it?

A) Abolition
B) Criminalization
C) Legalization
D) Decriminalization

Question 16

According to a 2008 report, approximately what percentage of Canadians believes that the sex trade is immoral?

A) 10 per cent
B) 32 per cent
C) 68 per cent
D) 90 per cent

Question 17

During what time period was the number of sex trade workers (STWs) decreased compared to earlier time periods?

A) During the Victorian era
B) During World War II
C) During World War I
D) During the first part of the nineteenth century

Question 18

Which of the following would be a legal option for dealing with sex trade work by allowing it and punishing those who exploit or coerce sex trade workers?

A) Criminalization of sex trade work
B) Legalization of sex trade work
C) Abolition of sex trade work
D) Decriminalization of sex trade work

Question 19

Which of the following would be a legal option for dealing with sex trade work by making it legal but subject to regulations?

A) Decriminalization of sex trade work
B) Criminalization of sex trade work
C) Abolition of sex trade work
D) Legalization of sex trade work

Question 20

You are discussing sex trade work laws in class. Your classmate says, "Sex trade work is basically sexual abuse with remuneration. The law should go after the pimps, not sex trade workers, who are victims." You say, "So you're advocating to __________ sex trade work." "Yes, exactly!"

A) decriminalize
B) legalize
C) abolish
D) criminalize

Question 21

You are discussing sex trade work law in class, specifically the difference between legalization and decriminalization. Your classmate says, "There are many countries around the world where STW is theoretically legal, but it's subject to so many restrictions that sex trade workers are still largely forced to the underground. But in __________, for example, STW has been decriminalized, not legalized, which makes it not a subject of criminal law at all, only of civil law."

A) Netherlands
B) New Zealand
C) Switzerland
D) All of the above

Question 22

You're in class discussing Canada's new prostitution law and alternatives to it. Your classmate brings up the decriminalization of sex trade work in New Zealand and Australia, citing a study which shows that once STW is decriminalized, __________.

A) customers may become more likely to request more unusual sexual services
B) customers may become more likely to negotiate the price of sexual services
C) the income of sex trade workers increases
D) the number of sex trade workers increases

Question 23

When sex trade work was decriminalized in Australia, what sexual activities seemed to increase, as noted by researchers?

A) Oral sex without condoms
B) Vaginal sex
C) Anal intercourse
D) Fringe sex (e.g., bondage)

Question 24

Approximately what percentage of sex trade takes place indoors (i.e., is not connected to "street walking").

A) 20 per cent
B) 40 per cent
C) 60 per cent
D) 80 per cent

Question 25

Paul is a responsible adult who has sexual needs that are not being met in the traditional fashion of dating and meeting people. He believes that he should be able to purchase sex from another person and that this should be a legal choice between consenting adults. Which legal view of sex trade work does Paul have?

A) Legalization
B) Criminalization
C) Decriminalization
D) Abolition

Question 26

Which form of sex trade work generally has the lowest status, earns the least, and faces the greatest risk of violence and ostracism?

A) Brothel owners
B) Exotic dancers
C) Sex trade workers in escort agencies
D) Street-based sex trade workers

Question 27

What form of sex trade work has the highest status, earns the most, and works under the most secure conditions?

A) Street-based sex trade workers
B) Exotic dancers
C) Brothel owners
D) Sex trade workers in escort agencies

Question 28

According to Shaver's 2011 assessment, most sex trade workers are not which of the following?

A) Female
B) Educated
C) Young
D) Addicted

Question 29

Over drinks with the guys, your friend Jack brags that he's hired an escort and that she was amazing: she had a university degree, was very classy, rich, and self-confident. Jack believes she loves her job and he recommends escorts as high-quality alternative to relationships. Your friends wonder if escorts are indeed such a lucky bunch living the high life. You say, "Many studies will show you that the majority of female sex trade workers __________."

A) started that line of work because they needed money
B) have not completed high school
C) have been physically or sexually abused in childhood, or both
D) All of the above

Question 30

Which category of sex trade workers is most likely to report enjoying sex?

A) Female STWs who give clients hand jobs
B) Female STWs who work with their clients expeditiously
C) Transgender STWs who engage in receptive anal intercourse
D) Female STWs who provide oral sex

Question 31

Which type of sex trade worker is most likely to enjoy their work?

A) A woman working as a porn actor
B) A woman working in a licensed brothel
C) A bar-based sex trade worker
D) A man working as a porn actor

Question 32

Which of the following groups may be at greater risk for entering the sex trade for "survival"?

A) Children in Central America, South America, and Asia
B) Homeless youth
C) Non-heterosexually identified youth
D) All of the above

Question 33

Your friend Jack is of the opinion that prostitutes like their jobs and they picked them because they enjoy sex more than most women. He says, "I'm telling you, I read about this woman in Australia, who applied for a job in a legal brothel run by women after she was fired from her waitressing job, and she loved it!" You reply, "Funny, I read a study about female sex trade workers in those same legal brothels in Victoria. The results said that some of them enjoyed that work more than other jobs available to them, which __________."

A) raises the question of what those other jobs available were, and what if they had means to get more education and jobs more stable than waitressing
B) raises the question how many women in unfulfilling dead-end jobs in other countries that don't have legal brothels would be much happier as sex trade workers
C) proves your point
D) None of the above

Question 34

You are the most likely to do "survival" sex trade work as a teenager if you __________.

A) are into risky sexual behaviour such as wet t-shirt contests or stripteases
B) are a female from a middle-class family who likes good clothes
C) are into risky sexual behaviour such as BDSM
D) come out to your family as gay and get rejected

Question 35

Why may LGBTQ+ youth be at greatest risk for joining the sex trade?

A) LGBTQ+ teens cannot find gratifying sex by partnering with people from their schools.
B) LGBTQ+ teens tend to be more open to different lifestyles than heterosexual teens.
C) People pay more for sex with LGBTQ+ individuals than for heterosexual teens.
D) LGBTQ+ teens are more likely to become homeless as a result of their family rejecting their sexual preference.

Question 36

In Canada, which group has the highest risk of acquiring HIV/AIDS as a sex trade worker?

A) Male-to-female transgender STWs
B) Female-to-male transgender STWs
C) Female STWs
D) Male STWs

Question 37

Which country has long been known for its sex trade and has a long history of child sex trade work?

A) Thailand
B) Philippines
C) Malaysia
D) Cambodia

Question 38

Approximately what percentage of female sex trade workers reports being raped at least once during their career?

A) 30 per cent
B) 50 per cent
C) 70 per cent
D) 100 per cent

Question 39

You meet your old friend Stacy at a party in your hometown. You used to be quite close until you moved away to go to university. She didn't go to college after high school. She's single and working a retail job for minimum wage with no prospects of promotion. She feels like her life is going nowhere, with no chance of getting married or having a well-paying job. She confesses, "I'm actually thinking of escorting, you know? At least I'll have money, I'll look great, and men will want me." You say, "I guess it's an option, if you're OK with the fact that ________."

A) the median income for sex trade workers is $30,000 per year
B) the death rate among female sex trade workers is two times higher than among the general population
C) 70 per cent of sex trade workers from a few different countries report having been raped since starting in this business
D) All of the above

Question 40

Which of the following is least likely to lead to emotional distress in a sex trade worker?

A) Being harassed by clients
B) Being harassed by police
C) Sex itself
D) Society's negative view of sex trade workers

Question 41

What is the main difference between the life of a male sex trade worker and the life of a female sex trade worker?

A) How long they can remain working until they are seen as too old
B) The amount of money they earn
C) The amount of violence they experience while working
D) The sexual acts they perform

Question 42

In Canada, sex trade work is not legalized, and therefore not protected by labour codes. What is the result for sex trade workers because of this condition?

A) Sex trade workers do not receive compensation for workplace injuries.
B) Sex trade workers do not pay into or receive government pensions.
C) Sex trade workers are not entitled to parental leave.
D) All of the above

Question 43

Which of the following is a problem that is less prevalent for male sex trade workers than for females?

A) STI risk
B) Violence
C) Economic conditions
D) All of the above

Question 44

What factors motivate men in the sex trade to advertise on the Internet?

A) Positive effects on the self
B) Monetary benefits
C) Sexual pleasure
D) All of the above

Question 45

You meet your old friend Farouk at a party in your hometown. You used to be quite close until you moved away to go to university. He didn't go to college after high school. He's gay, single, and working a retail job for minimum wage with no prospects of promotion. He feels like his life is going nowhere in this small town, and he's seriously considering moving to Toronto and working as an escort. You say, "I guess it's an option, considering that ________."

A) it easier for males than females to find a different job after you're done with sex trade
B) male sex trade work is now all on the Internet: you don't have to do the street or clubs
C) male sex trade workers very rarely experience violence against them
D) All of the above

Question 46

What benefits do male sex trade workers who advertise online experience compared to street-based workers?

A) They have greater control over their work schedules.
B) They can be selective about their clients.
C) They charge higher fees.
D) All of the above

Question 47

Which term refers to a male sex trade worker who looks for customers on the street?

A) Bar hustler
B) Call boy
C) Kept boy
D) Street hustler

Question 48

Which term refers to a male sex trade worker who looks for customers in a bar?

A) Kept boy
B) Street hustler
C) Call boy
D) Bar hustler

Question 49

Which term refers to a male sex trade worker who either works for an escort agency or is self-employed as an escort?

A) Kept boy
B) Street hustler
C) Bar hustler
D) Call boy

Question 50

Which term refers to a young male who is financially dependent on an older man, usually with the expectation that the younger individual will provide services to the older man?

A) Call boy
B) Street hustler
C) Bar hustler
D) Kept boy

Question 51

Sylvio is a 23-year-old sex trade worker who is financially dependent on an older man, Peter, who receives sexual services from Sylvio in exchange. In the hierarchy of male sex trade workers, what is Sylvio?

A) A bar hustler
B) A kept boy
C) A call boy
D) A street hustler

Question 52

Which of the following male sex trade workers have the lowest status and receive the lowest pay?

A) Street hustlers
B) Kept boys
C) Call boys
D) Bar hustlers

Question 53

Which of the following sex trade workers would likely be paid the most?

A) A male who advertises as being masculine
B) An escort who advertises as being a male-to-female transgender
C) A male escort who advertises as being feminine
D) A female-to-male transgender escort

Question 54

You catch up with your friend Jose, who has been working as an escort for a year. He tells you, "It's been quite all right, honestly. I meet guys online, all the money is handled by credit cards, pretty much like AirBnB, so it's nice and civilized. Though, my ambition is still to move up to a ________, so I sleep with one guy all the time, have a steady paycheck, and don't have to keep looking for clients."

A) kept boy
B) street hustler
C) call boy
D) bar hustler

Question 55

According to Weisburg's study, what is the most common reason that men become sex trade workers?

A) Money
B) Sex
C) Delinquent lifestyle
D) Adventure

Question 56

What do most men report is their primary reason for visiting a strip club?

A) To party with friends
B) To have a sexual encounter
C) To drink alcohol
D) To touch naked women

Question 57

An exotic dancer can earn the most money for having physical contact with a customer in which situation?

A) When the club has private rooms for physical contact
B) When the club allows physical contact for a set price
C) When the club has strict rules against physical contact
D) When physical contact must take place as a lap dance in a public area

Question 58

Which term is used to describe dancing that involves the removal of most or all of one's clothing with the intent of creating erotic arousal in the viewer?

A) Exotic dancing
B) Pornification
C) Sexually explicit material
D) Ballet

Question 59

Jennifer got a part of a stripper in a school theatre production. Even though it's a small part with only a few dance appearances, she wants to analyze a real-life dancer's role to better identify with it. What should she know about an exotic dancer's work?

A) It's about creating an impression of being rich and sexy.
B) It's about creating an impression of being sexually and emotionally available.
C) It's about mastering original pole-dancing techniques.
D) It's about being able to negotiate sex trade work off the club premises.

Question 60

In addition to showing off physical attributes, what else influences exotic dancers financially?

A) Making customers feel sexually desirable or special
B) Originality of their performance
C) Making connections with the audience
D) All of above

Question 61

What do new exotic dancers report as a usually positive aspect of the work?

A) Flexible hours
B) General enjoyment
C) Money
D) All of the above

Question 62

After playing an exotic dancer in a school theatre production, to a huge applause, Jennifer feels beautiful and sexually empowered because she was attractive and desired on stage. She's considering a job in a strip club for the thrill and extra income for tuition. She puts her idea out on Reddit, and gets a response from a stripper with 10 years' experience: "It is thrilling at the beginning, but be aware that the longer you stay in it, the more you'll struggle with __________."

A) aggressive, abusive patrons
B) a double life, or society's disapproval if you're open about your job
C) too much drinking, plus sleep deprivation
D) All of the above

Question 63

Which of the following techniques are methods exotic dancers use to manage the stress related to their work?

A) Distancing themselves by believing they are not like the others
B) Setting personal rules
C) Creating a "dancer persona"
D) All of the above

Question 64

Which of the following is NOT a negative cost of exotic dancing?

A) The ability to keep work completely separate from private lives
B) Strain on the body
C) Effects of substance use and abuse
D) Aggressiveness of abusive patrons

Question 65

What is the best term for textual, visual, and audial material that specifically promotes or creates sexual arousal and shows enjoyment of sexuality in an equal and balanced manner toward people of either sex?

A) Smut
B) Sexually explicit material
C) Erotica
D) Pornography

Question 66

What is the best term for textual, visual, and audial material that specifically promotes or creates sexual arousal and presents sexuality in an unequal, unbalanced, violent, or degrading manner toward people of either sex?

A) Sexually explicit material
B) Erotica
C) Smut
D) Pornography

Question 67

Research has shown which of the following preference patterns towards viewing sexually explicit material?

A) Men are more responsive to the sex of the actors and prefer scenes where actors can be objectified
B) Women are more responsive to the sex of the actors and prefer scenes where actors can be objectified
C) Both women and men are equally responsive to the sex of the actor but men prefer scenes where the actor can be objectified.
D) Men are more responsive to the sex of the actor but women prefer scenes where the actors can be objectified.

Question 68

Globally, which of the following is the third most profitable industry?

A) Sex tourism and human trafficking
B) The trade of illicit drugs
C) The industry related to sexually explicit material
D) The trade of weapons

Question 69

To spice up their relationship, Jenny and Tom are watching an erotic video together. In the video, the female and male actors meet by chance on a beach, are instantly mutually attracted, kiss passionately, give each other oral sex, and then the male penetrates the female vaginally. If Jenny and Tommy were a typical woman and man, what would they focus on in the video?

A) Jenny would imagine how if would feel if she met a sexy, willing stranger on a beach. Tom would look at the female's body and focus on the action around genitals.
B) Jenny would be aroused by the female but would try not to look at her. Tom would imagine how it would feel to meet a sexy, willing stranger on a beach.
C) Jenny would look at the male's body and focus on the penis. Tom would look at the female's body and focus on the vagina.
D) None of the above

Question 70

The effect of viewing sexually explicit material (SEM) on a person's behaviour seems to be related to which of the following?

A) Whether the viewer is male or female
B) Whether the SEM portrays realistic or unrealistic events
C) The interpretation of the viewer
D) Whether the material is consistent or inconsistent with the viewer's morality

Question 71

According to Seto, Maric, and Barbaree, what do the results from studies examining the relationship between sexually explicit material and sexual assault indicate?

A) That sexually explicit material involving children (child porn) is used by most people who commit sexual offenses against children.
B) That sexually explicit material increases sexual aggression in men predisposed to sexual assault but not in other men.
C) That sexually explicit material has no statistically significant positive or negative effects on people of any age.
D) That viewing sexually explicit material leads to an increase in the likelihood that someone will commit a sexual assault.

Question 72

Your friend Leigh needs your advice. She discovered in her boyfriend's browser history that he was watching porn. Although her boyfriend has been delicate and respectful in their sexual encounters so far, Leigh is now worried that he might show his true colours, becoming aggressive and demanding that they do what he watches in those videos. With your knowledge of the studies of sexually explicit material and adults, what can you tell her?

A) Men who watch erotica don't show negative behaviours, but men who watch pornography gradually turn from respectful to sexually aggressive.
B) Consumption of sexually explicit material indicates inadequacies in the individual's sexual activity that he or she is trying to compensate for.
C) Statistical studies demonstrate that consumption of sexually explicit materials causes sexual and moral harm to women.
D) Men who are not predisposed to sexual violence are unlikely to show any effects of pornography other than sexual permissiveness.

Question 73

A 2004 research study by Senn and Desmarais showed that women's moods were most positively affected by which of the following?

A) Viewing erotica with a friend or partner
B) Viewing violent pornography
C) Viewing erotica by themselves
D) Viewing non-violent pornography

Question 74

Which of the following is a positive outcome associated with sexually explicit materials (SEM)?

A) Viewing pornography increases the mood of severely depressed women.
B) Viewing pornography tends to cause males to view women as equals.
C) In countries where SEM is more readily available, there are lower sex crime rates.
D) In the gay community, pornography helps promote safer sex practices.

Question 75

According to research, at what age is it developmentally appropriate for adolescents to view sexually explicit material?

A) 16
B) 18
C) 14
D) 12

Question 76

Consuming pornography at a young age __________ the likelihood of perpetrating sexual assault.

A) decreases
B) increases
C) doesn't affect
D) has no proven effect on

Question 77

Which of the following is true regarding sexually explicit material and sexual assault of children?

A) Men who have a history of sexual assault against children are less likely to have viewed sexually explicit material involving children than a random control group who have never committed an offence against children.
B) Men who express an attraction towards sexual experiences with children are more likely to engage in sex with a child if they have seen sexually explicit material involving children than if they have not.
C) Men who have a history of sexual assault against children view sexually explicit material related to children as frequently as men with no history of sexual assault against children.
D) Men who have a history of sexual assault against children who view SEM of children are more likely to reoffend.

Question 78

When staying at your relatives' house for the Thanksgiving long weekend, you accidentally see your 14-year-old cousin Troy watch a video in which three men aggressively penetrate a woman. Given your knowledge of the research on the effects of SEM on youth, how could you best react?

A) Do nothing this time, but observe Troy over the weekend to see if he does it again. Only a fraction of youth aged 10 to 14 watch SEM intentionally, so he most likely just stumbled upon it by accident.
B) Do nothing. Fourteen is the developmentally appropriate age for viewing SEM, and the only proven effect of pornography on youth is becoming more permissive.
C) In a way that wouldn't embarrass Troy, talk to him about safe sex. Exposure to violent pornography at a young age often makes boys more permissive but not aggressive in sexual behaviours.
D) In a way that wouldn't embarrass Troy, try suggesting erotica instead. Tell him it's proven that watching violent pornography at a young age often results in sexually aggressive behaviour.

Question 79

At a dinner with friends you talk about modern media. One of your friends says, "It's funny how often when kids watch movies with parents, the kids would be told to cover their eyes when __________ but not when __________. There are studies suggesting that the former can actually be a positive influence on kids, while the latter is just the opposite."

A) a guy gets his head blown off; two people start undressing each other
B) there are women parading in super short skirts; there are guys without shirts
C) start kissing and undressing each other; a guy gets his head blown off
D) there are guys without shirts; there are women parading in super short skirts

Question 80

Who is most likely to have seen sexually explicit material (SEM) on the Internet for the first time?

A) Tristan, who is 12
B) Marcus, who is 13
C) David, who is 10
D) Elise, who is 11