Deck 15: Health Policy and Law: Examining Government Regulation and Healthcare Systems

Question 1

The focus of __________ is why and how the government regulates private individuals and corporations to protect the health, safety, and welfare of the public.

A) health care
B) public health
C) bioethics
D) health economics

Answer 1

B

Question 2

At the center of the __________ perspective is the belief that complete physician autonomy over the financing of health care is potentially dangerous in terms of patient care and healthcare expenditures.

A) professional autonomy
B) social contract
C) free market
D) socioeconomic

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which historical perspective is grounded in the twin notions of the freedom of the marketplace and of market competition that became dominant in the 1990s and continues with force today?

A) Professional autonomy perspective
B) Social contract perspective
C) Free market perspective
D) Socioeconomic perspective

Answer 3

C

Question 4

All bills through the House of Representatives must go to which of the following committees before reaching the floor for a vote by all representatives?

A) House Ways and Means Committee
B) House Appropriations Committee
C) House Budget Committee
D) House Rules Committee

Question 5

Due to the lengthy term of its members, which of the following is considered less volatile and more concerned with long-term issues?

A) Senate
B) House of Representatives
C) Supreme Court
D) House Appropriations Committee

Question 6

Which of the following directs the correct authorizing committee to make changes in the law for mandatory spending programs to meet budgetary goals?

A) Reconciliation instructions
B) Continuing resolutions
C) Conference report
D) Concurrent budget resolution

Question 7

Which of the following is binding on the House and Senate as a blueprint for revenue collection and spending?

A) Reconciliation instructions
B) Continuing resolutions
C) Conference report
D) Concurrent budget resolution

Question 8

Which of the following is the largest healthcare delivery system in the United States, with hundreds of medical centers, nursing homes, and outpatient clinics that serve more than 1 million patients each year?

A) Medicare
B) Indian Health Service
C) Veterans Health Administration
D) Department of Health and Human Services

Question 9

Which agency houses the Strategic National Stockpile for emergency pharmaceutical supplies?

A) Department of Homeland Security
B) Federal Emergency Management Agency
C) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
D) Environmental Protection Agency

Question 10

Which of the following specifically guarantees several important individual rights?

A) Articles of Confederation
B) Bill of Rights
C) Federal Register
D) None of these are correct.

Question 11

The Affordable Care Act requires insurers to cover dependents until they are:

A) 18 years old.
B) 21 years old.
C) 24 years old.
D) 26 years old.

Question 12

The national health insurance system of __________ is characterized by being publicly financed but in which care is provided by private practitioners.

A) Canada
B) Germany
C) United States
D) Great Britain

Question 13

Which of the following, associated with the national health service of Great Britain, are bodies that consist of general practitioners in their service area, who are responsible for providing urgent and emergency care, elective hospital care, and community health services?

A) Primary care trusts
B) Clinical commissioning groups
C) Clinical accreditation bodies
D) Private community trusts

Question 14

The efforts of the __________ were instrumental in developing local health departments and starting schools of public health in the United States during the early 1900s.

A) Rockefeller Foundation
B) Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
C) Kellogg Foundation
D) Gates Foundation

Question 15

In which of the following areas, where delayed or disparate care could have severe consequences, is gender discrimination a particular concern?

A) Breast cancer
B) Pulmonary embolism
C) Coronary artery disease
D) Diabetes

Question 16

In two major court decisions, DeShaney v. Winnebago County Department of Social Services and Town of Castle Rock, Colorado v. Gonzales, the Supreme Court advances the view of:

A) intrusive constitution.
B) obtrusive constitution.
C) positive constitution.
D) negative constitution.

Question 17

Patients, healthcare providers, governments, and the public are the only key stakeholders in important matters of health policy and law.

Question 18

Policy and legal considerations are very important to the daily functioning of the health system and to the health and safety of individuals and communities.

Question 19

In most cases, the vice president does not have major power in Senate voting, but with the authority to break a tie vote, the vice president has an important power.

Question 20

Even the most popular president cannot always dictate the issues that are on the national agenda.

Question 21

Stability in the law is considered so important that stare decisis is usually applied and the original judicial decision given deference, even when the original decision is later determined to be wrongly decided or not legally sound.

Question 22

While the U.S. healthcare system does some things well, it ranks at or near the bottom on important health outcome measures such as life expectancy, infant mortality, and adult obesity rates.

Question 23

British residents are more likely to spend time on insurance paperwork and disputes with insurance companies than Americans.

Question 24

Foundation funding has started new funding efforts and sustained those that are not adequately funded by governments.

Question 25

Central authority and command and control approaches are generally not effective in the complex organizational structures of the United States.

Question 26

The Partial Birth Abortion Ban Act represented Congress's third attempt to ban "partial birth" abortions and easily passed both houses of Congress and was signed into law by President Bill Clinton.

Question 27

A healthcare disparity exists when a population group has a higher burden of disability or illness than another group has.

Question 28

The Public Health Services Act includes funding for community health centers, persons with HIV/AIDS, and persons with mental illness or substance abuse disorders, and it includes project grants to provide preventive and immunization services as well as breast and cervical cancer screening and detection.

Question 29

__________ powers represent the inherent authority of state and local governments to regulate individuals and private business in the name of public health promotion and protection.

Question 30

__________ have been referred to as the "workhorses" of Congress, where key decisions are made and legislative drafting takes place.

Question 31

State legislatures can use __________ to regulate across a broader range of issues than can Congress.

Question 32

__________ is also called case law, judge-made law, or decisional law.

Question 33

Residents of both Great Britain and __________ were least likely to be worried about cost-related access barriers.

Question 34

Newborn screening and follow-up programs for PKU and other genetic and congenital diseases fall under the __________ core function of public health.

Question 35

Fluoridation and chlorination of water and regulation of nursing homes fall under the __________ core function of public health.

Question 36

The founding of the Food and Drug Administration in 1906 resulted in large part from the journalistic activity known as __________, which exposed the status of food and drug safety.

Question 37

The __________ requirement does not obligate a person to practice medicine; it is used to filter out individuals who may not have the required knowledge or skills to practice medicine.

Question 38

The __________ sometimes do not receive needed surgical care because health professionals wrongfully assume that the chances of recovery are not good.

Question 39

The right of individual enforcement is one of the reasons why __________, 50 years after its creation, remains a hotly debated public program.

Question 40

__________, the third Jacobson standard, is violated when a particular public health measure places a burden on individuals completely disproportionate to the benefit expected from the measure.

Question 41

__________ are often to be identified based on their shortages of whole food providers and their abundance of quick marts and fast-food restaurants that sell processed, sugary, and fatty foods.

Question 42

The __________ strategy is based on the knowledge that several important, health-related challenges such as inequities, chronic disease, dramatically increasing costs, the need for insurance reform, and others are often complex, multidimensional, and connected.

Question 43

OSHA, the Department of Homeland Security, and the Department of Agriculture are federal agencies that are part of the __________ branch of government.

Question 44

The first formal MLP was created in the early 1990s in a hospital in __________ to intervene on behalf of pediatric patients with chronic conditions who were suffering from inadequate housing.

Question 45

The __________ movement promotes strategies to find solutions for the major gap in access to both criminal and civil justice for low-income and other vulnerable populations.

Question 46

The creation of __________ exemplified a social contract perspective, which supports the view that individuals and society as a whole are important stakeholders in the healthcare and public health systems.

A) Medicare
B) TRICARE
C) State Children's Health Insurance Program
D) None of the answers

Question 47

In the 1980s, Medicaid retained its essential egalitarian features due to the:

A) professional autonomy perspective.
B) free market perspective.
C) social contract perspective.
D) socioeconomic perspective.

Question 48

Which of the following committees has Subcommittee on Health Care?

A) Senate Finance Committee
B) Senate Appropriations Committee
C) Senate Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee
D) Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry

Question 49

Which of the following is based on the traditions and customs of society, yet heavily influenced by legal precedent and the doctrine of stare decisis?

A) Constitutions
B) Statutes
C) Regulations
D) Common law

Question 50

In what type of court does 97% of all litigation occur?

A) Federal court
B) Supreme Court
C) Circuit court
D) State court

Question 51

Which of the following are often the only sources of specialty care for uninsured and underserved populations?

A) Community health centers
B) Safety net providers
C) Public hospitals
D) Outpatient centers

Question 52

Health education campaigns such as state tobacco programs are included under which core area of public health?

A) Assessment
B) Policy development
C) Assurance
D) Accreditation

Question 53

The necessary service of research for new insights and innovative solutions to health problems is included under which core function of public health?

A) Assessment
B) Policy development
C) Assurance
D) All of these are correct.

Question 54

Which state includes an affirmative right to health in its constitution's section on inalienable rights?

A) Montana
B) Idaho
C) Wyoming
D) Utah

Question 55

Which of the following studies best depicts the link between civil legal assistance and individual and population health?

A) Framingham Heart Study
B) Tuskegee Syphilis Study
C) Community Needs and Services Study
D) Nurse's Health Study

Question 56

At the local, state, and federal levels, the law has played important roles in all of the 10 most noteworthy public health achievements of the 20th century as selected by the:

A) Food and Drug Administration.
B) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
C) Environmental Protection Agency.
D) National Institutes of Health.

Question 57

Which of the following began in 1939 as a way to slow renewed efforts to enact national health insurance and to avoid an increase in consumer controlled pre-paid health plans?

A) Blue Cross
B) Blue Shield
C) Medicare
D) Medicaid

Question 58

In __________, the Internal Revenue Service declared that employers could pay health insurance premiums for their employees with pre-tax dollars.

A) 1942
B) 1949
C) 1954
D) 1957

Question 59

Which of the following focuses on providing the most value or benefit with goods and services?

A) Allocative efficiency
B) Production efficiency
C) Technical efficiency
D) Procedural efficiency

Question 60

Which of the following is important to understand because it is necessary to know whether changes in consumers' incomes or changes in the cost of a product will end in the desired outcome?

A) Supply
B) Demand
C) Elasticity
D) Cost

Question 61

In 1969, __________ declared that a major crisis existed in health care and that unless it was fixed immediately, the medical system in the United States would collapse.

A) President Roosevelt
B) President Truman
C) President Nixon
D) President Johnson

Question 62

Near the end of World War II, which president called for an economic bill of rights that included medical care?

A) President Roosevelt
B) President Truman
C) President Nixon
D) President Johnson

Question 63

How many exchange options do the states have under the Affordable Care Act?

A) One
B) Two
C) Three
D) Four

Question 64

Which of the following represent a new mandatory Medicaid service established by the Affordable Care Act?

A) Free-standing birth centers
B) Tuberculosis-related services
C) Rural health clinic services
D) Prescription drugs

Question 65

Which court decision shows how advances in medical knowledge can remove long-standing medical customs and replace them with new requirements?

A) Helling v. Carey
B) Hail v. Hilbun
C) Darling v. Charleston Community Memorial Hospital
D) Boyd v. Albert Einstein Medical Center

Question 66

Which of the following is the most well-known hospital corporate liability decision in which the court held the hospital liable for its own negligence?

A) Helling v. Carey
B) Hail v. Hilbun
C) Darling v. Charleston Community Memorial Hospital
D) Boyd v. Albert Einstein Medical Center

Question 67

For which of the following services does Medicare base its payments on diagnosis-related groups?

A) Laboratory services
B) Radiology services
C) Inpatient hospital services
D) Emergency medical services

Question 68

The Hepatitis A virus is classified as a __________ biological threat agent.

A) Category A
B) Category B
C) Category C
D) Category D

Question 69

Children without insurance are more likely to have developmental delays that often contribute to difficulties in education and gaining employment.

Question 70

Although genetic predisposition or behaviors increase the risk of developing health problems, there is still a high level of uncertainty as to whether any given person will become sick or injured and need medical care.

Question 71

Insurance companies find it challenging to match healthy people with low-cost health plans and unhealthy people with high-cost health plans because of the problem of asymmetric information.

Question 72

Disequilibrium could result from a surplus of a good or service due to excess supply or sudden decrease in demand, or it could result from a product shortage caused by inadequate supply or a sharp increase in demand.

Question 73

Members of Congress may rely on the popular president from their own party because they are reliant on the president to maintain their jobs.

Question 74

The individual mandate was upheld by the Supreme Court as an exercise of congressional taxing power.

Question 75

Medically needy programs have both income and asset requirements.

Question 76

For states that choose to use the options provided in the Deficit Reduction Act, the potential exists for Medicaid benefits to be severely decreased.

Question 77

Medicare has historically enforced a program-wide and deliberate approach to promoting quality and value.

Question 78

When the public is exposed to radiologic materials but the event that caused the exposure is not as impactful as a catastrophic explosion, the public health response is critical.

Question 79

A neutral problem identification provides added information about the path of the policy analysis and clearly limits some of the options that might otherwise be considered.

Question 80

It is possible to make a problem identification so vague that writing a sound policy analysis will be impossible.