Deck 8: Menopause and Hormone Therapy

Question 1

Which of the following steps are effective ways to reduce symptoms associated with menopause?

A) Using a form of HT with limited systemic effects
B) Limiting use of HT until age 60 years or later
C) Minimizing the doses of medication, if any, that is used
D) Getting regular exercise

Answer 1

A, C, D

Question 2

Women who have undergone natural menopause are at an increased risk for which of the following conditions?

A) Cervical cancer
B) Osteoporosis
C) Cardiovascular disease
D) Urinary incontinence

Answer 2

B, C, D

Question 3

For most women, the use of hormone therapy should:

A) be used consistently in the postmenopause years or not at all.
B) be left up to a healthcare provider's decision.
C) depend on a woman's symptoms, medical history, and personal preferences.
D) All of these are correct.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Strategies to reduce the health risks associated with hormone replacement include which of the following?

A) Using a form of hormone therapy with local rather than systemic effects
B) Starting hormone therapy at a younger age
C) Taking the lowest effective dose
D) All of these are correct.

Question 5

Which of the following best represents the primary hormones used in hormone therapy (HT)?

A) Estrogen only
B) Estrogen only, or estrogen with progesterone
C) Progesterone only
D) Progesterone with testosterone

Question 6

Which of the following women would be most likely to benefit from hormone therapy?

A) A 70-year-old woman who completed menopause naturally 20 years ago
B) A 41-year-old, otherwise healthy woman who is experiencing early menopause due to cancer treatment
C) A 60-year-old woman who experienced menopause 15 years ago after a hysterectomy
D) A 50-year-old woman who smokes, has a history of breast cancer, and is experiencing menopause

Question 7

Which of the following statements is true?

A) By 2030, more than half the population will be age 65 or older.
B) The proportion of the U.S. population older than 65 years has dramatically increased over the past 100 years.
C) Scientists and doctors are confident that by 2030, preventative treatments will prevent menopause.
D) All of these are correct.

Question 8

What is menopause?

A) A condition that usually requires psychiatric care
B) The natural or artificially induced end of a woman's menstrual cycle
C) A condition that is often avoidable with modern medical treatment
D) All of these are correct.

Question 9

Which of the following has contributed to increases in discussion and research about menopause over the past 100 years?

A) An increase in the life span of the average woman
B) More open discussions about life span issues and sexuality
C) Less sexism in the medical community
D) All of these are correct.

Question 10

Perimenopause is:

A) a milder form of menopause.
B) the life stage just before menopause.
C) an inflammation of the ovaries that can occur during menopause.
D) the life stage immediately after menopause.

Question 11

Most women enter and complete menopause between age:

A) 35 and 45.
B) 45 and 55.
C) 55 and 65.
D) 65 and 75.

Question 12

Menopause occurring at age 57 would be considered:

A) 2-4 years earlier than average.
B) within the average time frame.
C) 2-4 years earlier than average.
D) 5-10 years later than average.

Question 13

Which of the following factors is associated with earlier onset of natural menopause?

A) Being overweight
B) Having more than one child
C) Smoking cigarettes
D) All of these are correct.

Question 14

Which of the following statements is true?

A) A woman's body no longer produces estrogen during menopause.
B) Pregnancy can still occur after menopause is complete.
C) It takes about 15 years for most women to complete menopause.
D) A woman has completed menopause when her monthly periods cease.

Question 15

What is the most common symptom of menopause?

A) Depression
B) Hot flashes
C) Decreased sex drive
D) Aching joints

Question 16

Gina has been diagnosed with uterine cancer. Her surgeon will perform which of the following to remove only Gina's cervix and uterus?

A) Partial hysterectomy
B) Radical hysterectomy
C) Total hysterectomy
D) None of these is correct.

Question 17

Transgender women who are taking estrogen typically do not experience symptoms of menopause.

Question 18

On average, a woman can expect to live 10 to 15 years after menopause.

Question 19

Some forms of chemotherapy can cause a woman to experience early menopause.

Question 20

After menopause, a woman's body no longer produces estrogen.

Question 21

In the United States, most healthcare providers are reluctant to perform hysterectomies unless absolutely necessary.

Question 22

FDA-approved forms of hormone therapy include pills, patches, creams, gels, sprays, and vaginal suppositories.

Question 23

Define "medicalization" and briefly explain how it is relevant to menopause.

Question 24

What are three nonmedical steps a woman can take to reduce symptoms associated with menopause?

Question 25

For women who decide to use hormone therapy, what are two ways they can reduce the potential health risks of this form of treatment?