Question 1

What does the Apgar Scoring System assess?&#10;A) Heart rate&#10;B) The wellbeing of the newborn&#10;C) Skin colour&#10;D) Hearing capacity

Accepted Answer

The Apgar Scoring System is used to quickly assess the health and wellbeing of a newborn immediately after birth, focusing on criteria such as heart rate, respiratory effort, muscle tone, reflex response, and skin coloration.

Question 2

A teratogen refers to:&#10;A) A baby born before 38 weeks gestation&#10;B) Any environmental risk to the baby&#10;C) A term used to describe the biological risk of some babies due to faulty genetics&#10;D) Physical abnormalities in the infant

Accepted Answer

A teratogen is any agent or factor that can cause a birth defect or negatively alter cognitive and behavioral outcomes by affecting a developing fetus. This includes a variety of substances and environmental exposures, not just genetic factors or outcomes like physical abnormalities.

Question 3

Puberty is defined by a number of factors. Which of the following is not one of these factors?&#10;A) A rapid increase in size and weight - a marked growth spurt&#10;B) Pubertal growth will finish by 16 in girls&#10;C) The pubertal growth spurt in girls means that they continue to grow until they reach the age of 25 years&#10;D) Boys begin puberty at age 13 years

Accepted Answer

Puberty typically concludes by the late teens, with most girls completing their growth spurt by the ages of 15 to 17, not 25 years.

Question 4

What is present in breast milk that protects against disease?&#10;A) Fat, protein and carbohydrate&#10;B) Antibodies, fat and protein&#10;C) Carbohydrate, antibodies and fat&#10;D) Protein and fats

Accepted Answer

Breast milk contains antibodies, along with fat and protein, which help protect infants against diseases and infections.

Question 5

Obesity is defined as:&#10;A) A condition in which weight is 20% or more in excess of the average weight for a person of that height.&#10;B) A condition in which weight is 10% or more in excess of the average weight for a person of that height.&#10;C) A condition in which weight is 30% or more in excess of the average weight for a person of that height.&#10;D) A condition in which weight is 40% or more in excess of the average weight for a person of that height.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Obesity is defined as:&#10;A) A condition in...

Question 6

The term differentiation is given to which of the following descriptions?&#10;A) The maturation of body systems&#10;B) The acquisition of motor skills move from being global reactions to a stimulus, to more precise and adapted actions over time and with practice&#10;C) The point at which developmental milestones are achieved&#10;D) The development of conditioned responses

Accepted Answer

Differentiation refers to the process where actions and skills become more specialized and refined over time. Initially, responses to stimuli might be broad or global, but with practice and development, these actions become more precise and adapted, indicating a process of differentiation. This is particularly evident in the acquisition and refinement of motor skills.

Question 7

Proprioception relates to:&#10;A) The primitive form of grasping evident in infants&#10;B) Physical growth occurring in a head to toe direction&#10;C) Cognitive development&#10;D) The way in which the body controls movement and location as a consequence of stimulation from bodily sources (muscle contractions for example)

Accepted Answer

Proprioception is the sense of the relative position of one's own parts of the body and strength of effort being employed in movement. It enables us to know where our limbs are in space without having to look at them, and it's crucial for coordinating movement and maintaining balance. This sense is mediated by proprioceptors located in our muscles, tendons, and joints, which send information to the brain about the position and movement of our body parts.

Question 8

Prereaching is indicative of what kind of following behaviour?&#10;A) The infant will grasp the targeted object within their reach&#10;B) Where a seated newborn infant will swipe and reach towards an object placed in front of them&#10;C) Efficient, coordinated and accurate reaching behaviour evident at 2 months of age&#10;D) The development of a fine pincer grasp

Accepted Answer

Prereaching is characterized by the behavior where a seated newborn infant will swipe and reach towards an object placed in front of them, often in a clumsy and uncoordinated manner. This behavior typically occurs before the development of more precise and coordinated reaching movements.

Question 9

Proximodistal development refers to which of the following?&#10;A) Physical changes in growth as a consequence of hormonal activity&#10;B) Growth occurs in a head to toe direction&#10;C) Physical growth occurs outwards from the centre of the body towards the hands and feet&#10;D) A very rapid increase in size and weight

Accepted Answer

Proximodistal development refers to the pattern in which growth starts at the center of the body and moves towards the extremities. This means that an infant will gain control over their torso before they gain control over their arms and legs, and control their arms before their hands and fingers.

Question 10

In genetics, a phenotype is best described as:&#10;A) Observable characteristics&#10;B) A unit of hereditary transmission&#10;C) An outcome of experience-expectant development&#10;D) The process by which environmental factors alter genetic material

Accepted Answer

Phenotypes are the observable characteristics or traits of an organism, such as its morphology, development, biochemical or physiological properties, behavior, and products of behavior. These traits result from the expression of an organism's genes as well as the influence of environmental factors and the interactions between the two.

Deck 4: The Biological Foundations of Development I: Physical Growth, Motor Development and Genetics