Question 1

The term Equifinality refers to which of the following?&#10;A) Two or more disorders present at the same time&#10;B) That there are many ways in which a child can manifest disturbed behaviour&#10;C) A particular risk factor can have a number of different developmental outcomes depending on the characteristics of the individual, previous experiences and the environment&#10;D) Intense, maladaptive and persistent fear beyond the individuals control

Accepted Answer

Equifinality refers to the idea that there are many ways in which a child can manifest disturbed behaviour.

Question 2

What does the Diagnostic system DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) measure?&#10;A) Classification of people&#10;B) Delinquency&#10;C) Age related dysfunction&#10;D) Behaviour

Accepted Answer

The DSM-IV is used to classify and diagnose mental disorders, which are often characterized by patterns of behavior.

Question 3

In depression, somatic complaints are best defined as which of the following?&#10;A) Internal distress manifesting as headache or stomach ache&#10;B) Eating disturbance&#10;C) Sleeping disorder&#10;D) Sad appearance

Accepted Answer

Somatic complaints in depression often manifest as physical symptoms, such as headaches or stomach aches, which are expressions of internal distress.

Question 4

Which of the following is not an example of anxiety disorder?&#10;A) Panic disorder&#10;B) Obsessive-compulsive disorder&#10;C) Fear of heights&#10;D) Aggression to people

Accepted Answer

Aggression to people is not classified as an anxiety disorder; it may be related to other psychological issues or disorders.

Question 5

According to the study by Robbins (1978), what percentage of children carry on with their antisocial behaviour into adulthood once diagnosed with conduct disorder in childhood?&#10;A) 80%&#10;B) 70%&#10;C) 60%&#10;D) Less than 50%

Accepted Answer

Robbins (1978) found that less than 50% of children diagnosed with conduct disorder continue their antisocial behavior into adulthood.

Question 6

In order to fully diagnose ADHD, at what age must some symptoms have been evident according to the American Psychiatric Association?&#10;A) 12 years&#10;B) 11 years&#10;C) Before the age of 7 years&#10;D) From 8 years of age

Accepted Answer

According to the American Psychiatric Association's DSM-5 criteria, some symptoms of ADHD must have been present before the age of 12 years for a diagnosis.

Question 7

Which of the following behaviours is most likely to cause concern as to whether a child has autism?&#10;A) A toddler who is biting himself&#10;B) A toddler who has engaged in repetitive behaviours such as rocking over and over again&#10;C) A toddler who is hitting herself&#10;D) A toddler who displays head banging tendencies

Accepted Answer

Repetitive behaviors such as rocking are a common sign of autism, whereas self-injurious behaviors like biting or hitting oneself can be associated with various conditions and are not specific to autism.

Question 8

Which of the following is the most accurate definition of a stress-diathesis model?&#10;A) When the child's biologically based risk interacts with the environment&#10;B) A reduction of negative chain reactions&#10;C) The interaction between a child's level of stress and the parent's level of stress&#10;D) When genetically at-risk children (such as those with a difficult, anger-prone temperament) are not only protected, by actually thrive when placed in a supportive environment

Accepted Answer

The stress-diathesis model posits that psychological disorders develop due to a combination of genetic vulnerability (diathesis) and stressful environmental factors. Choice A accurately reflects this interaction between biological risk and environmental influences.

Question 9

Which of the following is not an example of 'protective mechanisms'?&#10;A) Reduction of positive chain reactions&#10;B) Reduction of negative chain reactions&#10;C) Fostering of self esteem&#10;D) Reduction of risk impact

Accepted Answer

Reduction of positive chain reactions is not a protective mechanism, as protective mechanisms aim to reduce negative impacts and foster positive outcomes.

Question 10

The process in which the therapist observes and interacts with the child in the context of play, using the child's expression of fantasies and behaviours as an indication of the stresses or problems the child may be experiencing is an example of which type of psychopathological treatment?

A) Depression support therapy
B) Cognitive behavior therapy
C) Play therapy
D) Operant conditioning behavioural therapy

Accepted Answer

Play therapy is a treatment method where a therapist observes and interacts with a child through play. The child's play activities and expressed fantasies provide insights into their stresses or problems, making it an effective approach for understanding and addressing children's psychological issues.

Deck 13: Developmental Psychopathology