Question 1

Baltes (1987) suggests that developmental psychology involves:&#10;A) Evolutionary theory&#10;B) Constancy and change in human behaviour across the life span&#10;C) The acquisition of mental tools&#10;D) Continuity and discontinuity

Accepted Answer

Baltes (1987) emphasized the study of constancy and change in human behavior across the life span as a core focus of developmental psychology.

Question 2

Epigenesis is defined as:&#10;A) The study of development&#10;B) The way in which knowledge evolves over the life span&#10;C) Evolution of the species&#10;D) Interaction between nature and nurture

Accepted Answer

D

Question 3

Who suggested that all development is ultimately the result of learning?&#10;A) Piaget&#10;B) Vygotsky&#10;C) Watson&#10;D) Siegler

Accepted Answer

John B. Watson, a proponent of behaviorism, suggested that all development is ultimately the result of learning. He believed that behavior is learned and shaped through interaction with the environment.

Question 4

An organismic approach to cognitive development is best described by Piaget as:&#10;A) The use of formal schooling which increases a child's knowledge base and develops cognitive ability&#10;B) Continuous or discontinuous in nature&#10;C) The development of mental structure within the child's mind which determines how the world is understood&#10;D) How our biological programming can be altered by environmental influences

Accepted Answer

Piaget's theory of cognitive development emphasizes the development of mental structures (schemas) that evolve as children interact with their environment, allowing them to understand the world in increasingly complex ways. This organismic approach views the child as an active participant in their own development, rather than as a passive recipient of environmental influences.

Question 5

Which of the following statements is not a true statement in relation to the interaction between nature and nurture?&#10;A) The interaction between nature and nurture can be viewed as an examination of the extent to which our biological programming is altered by environmental influences&#10;B) The interaction between nature and nurture is called epigenesis&#10;C) Nature and nurture are engaged in continuous and reciprocal action&#10;D) The interaction between nature and nurture is steeped in the evolutionary theory of Charles Darwin and his baby biographies

Accepted Answer

The interaction between nature and nurture is not directly related to Charles Darwin's evolutionary theory or his baby biographies. Darwin's work primarily focused on the theory of natural selection and evolution, not on the modern concept of how genetic factors (nature) and environmental influences (nurture) interact to shape an individual's development.

Question 6

Which of the following is not a feature of studies in relation to stability and change?&#10;A) Have linked increased stability in relation to the bond with parents&#10;B) Change (such as attachment bond) is possible under appropriate conditions&#10;C) Stability is a concept in development that cannot be changed once learned and experienced&#10;D) Early experience is crucial to stability

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is not a...

Question 7

Cross-cultural research has demonstrated which of the following:&#10;A) Developmental tasks are acquired in a universal way.&#10;B) Romanian Orphans have the ability to adapt to Western Cultures&#10;C) Children in warm climates learn to crawl before they can walk&#10;D) Individual development is often inseparable from community

Accepted Answer

Cross-cultural research often shows that individual development is deeply intertwined with community and cultural contexts, highlighting the importance of social and cultural influences on development.

Question 8

Classical Conditioning is defined as:&#10;A) Learning in which a stimulus can evoke a familiar response after repeated pairing of new stimuli with stimuli that already evokes a response&#10;B) The extent to which biological programming can be altered&#10;C) Biological and environmental influences&#10;D) The sequence of development

Accepted Answer

Classical conditioning is a learning process that occurs when two stimuli are repeatedly paired: a response which is at first elicited by the second stimulus is eventually elicited by the first stimulus alone. This definition aligns with option A, where a new stimulus is paired with an existing stimulus that already evokes a response, leading to the new stimulus eventually evoking the response on its own.

Question 9

The sequence of growth is also known as:&#10;A) Integration&#10;B) Maturation&#10;C) Maturity&#10;D) Differentiation

Accepted Answer

Maturation refers to the process of growth and development, where an individual or organism reaches an advanced stage of development and is fully grown or developed.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the study of developmental psychology according to Baltes (1987)?&#10;A) Studies which utilize theories of life span development&#10;B) Sources of age-related changes lies within the provinces of many disciplines&#10;C) Sources of age-related changes lie in the domains of further studies of human behaviour&#10;D) Studies which incorporate the principles of development

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following best describes the...

Deck 1: The Principles of Developmental Psychology