Deck 13: Pediatric Psychology

Question 1

The term "pediatric psychology" was first coined in 1967 by ________.

A) Joseph D. Matarazzo
B) Albert Bandura
C) Logan Wright
D) Sigmund Freud

Answer 1

C

Question 2

According to Compas and colleagues' review of coping with chronic illness in childhood and adolescence, secondary control or accommodative coping signifies efforts to ________.

A) act on the source of stress or one's emotions
B) adapt to the source of stress
C) avoid or deny the stressor
D) actively eradicate the source of stress

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The most commonly reported chronic illness among children is ________.

A) epilepsy
B) diabetes
C) autism spectrum disorder
D) asthma

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Children with cancer reported ________ as the most frequently experienced stressor.

A) the physical effects of therapy
B) fear and/or uncertainty about the risk of death
C) interruptions in their daily role functioning
D) concerns about public image

Question 5

Parents should have a positive attitude towards the bedtime/wake time routine and stimulate a positive mood in their child. This positive mood should primarily be ________.

A) fun
B) exciting
C) relaxing
D) stimulating

Question 6

Parents who expressed high levels of stress in the areas of cancer caregiving and cancer communication were more likely to ________.

A) report post-traumatic stress symptoms
B) encourage low adherence to pediatric treatment regimens
C) avoid or delay physician's appointments
D) report digestive trouble

Question 7

Research has shown that children with chronic medical conditions who employed ________ coping strategies fared better, psychologically, than those who employed ________ coping strategies.

A) primary control; disengagement
B) secondary control; disengagement
C) secondary control; active
D) secondary control; primary control

Question 8

More complex treatment regimens for chronically ill children are not associated with ________.

A) higher levels of adherence
B) integration of a behavioural-management strategy
C) more intensive education and intervention
D) support family-based problem solving

Question 9

Successful interventions to promote treatment adherence among children typically ________.

A) target a narrow age range
B) limit access to care
C) exclude the family
D) target a broad age spectrum

Question 10

________ are associated with higher levels of treatment adherence among children with chronic conditions.

A) Strong parental beliefs about the inefficacy of treatment
B) Lower levels of parental involvement in condition management
C) Less complex treatment regimens
D) Lower levels of child involvement in condition management

Question 11

Pill-swallowing difficulty in children is best addressed by ________.

A) hiding the pill (e.g., in food)
B) behavioural education
C) avoidance therapy
D) humourous intervention

Question 12

When trying to help manage their child's painful medical procedures, parents should avoid using ________.

A) reassurance
B) humour
C) distraction
D) praise

Question 13

There is evidence that as many as ________ of children with chronic pain continue to experience chronic pain as adults. This trajectory is strongly predicted by ________ factors.

A) two-thirds; socio-economic
B) two-thirds; psychological
C) one-half; socio-economic
D) one-half; psychological

Question 14

Children above the age of five years are generally able to provide self-reports of their pain using self-report tools such as ________.

A) the McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ)
B) the Pediatric Pain Management Survey (PPMS)
C) the Faces Pain Scale-Revised (FPS-R)
D) the Chronic Pain Review (CPR)

Question 15

It is important that scales for pain assessment, such as the Faces Pain Scale-Revised, begin with a relatively ________ face.

A) sad
B) smiling
C) neutral
D) frowning

Question 16

Observer reports generally tend to ________ children's pain.

A) underestimate
B) overestimate
C) accurately gauge
D) vastly overestimate

Question 17

It is estimated that ________ of dying children each year receive hospice or palliative services.

A) 10 per cent
B) 30 per cent
C) 50 per cent
D) 70 per cent

Question 18

Children experiencing chronic medical conditions are often emotionally and behaviourally impacted most strongly by ________.

A) self-management problems
B) reading problems
C) feeding problems
D) sleep problems

Question 19

________ is defined as the passage of feces in inappropriate places.

A) Encopresis
B) Enuresis
C) Eustress
D) Exacerbation

Question 20

There is strong evidence that ________ is the most effective intervention for bedwetting in children.

A) the urine alarm
B) medication
C) biofeedback
D) enhanced toilet training

Question 21

Group-based interventions for siblings of children with chronic health conditions can reduce maladjustments if include ________.

A) developmentally appropriate information regarding the sibling's condition
B) coping skill training
C) emotional support from parents
D) all the above

Question 22

Of the four types of psychological interventions directed towards parents of chronically ill children examined by Eccleston and colleagues ________ best improved parents' distress and their ability to solve problems.

A) cognitive behavioural therapy
B) family therapy
C) problem-solving therapy
D) multi-systemic therapy

Question 23

________ is part of the evidence-based treatment for encopresis.

A) Education about the nature of constipation and soiling
B) The use of laxatives
C) Behavioural intervention to reinforce proper habits
D) All of the above

Question 24

It is recommended that bedtimes be no later than ________ across childhood.

A) 7 p.m.
B) 8 p.m.
C) 9 p.m.
D) 10 p.m.

Question 25

In a recent study, children undergoing a routine vaccination were randomized to interact with MEDi, a humanoid robot. Compared to the children that received the usual care during this procedure, those exposed to MEDi reported ________.

A) lower pain
B) higher pain
C) the same level of pain
D) higher pain, but only in the subgroup with lower SES

Question 26

Briefly describe the main goals of pediatric psychology.

Question 27

Briefly outline the professional goals of the Society of Pediatric Psychology.

Question 28

Outline Compas and colleagues' (2012) control-based model of coping.

Question 29

Outline the typical trajectory (i.e., chain of events) of a chronic pediatric condition.

Question 30

Briefly explain how coping strategies evolve during a child's development.

Question 31

Briefly describe the methodological difficulties, in clinical practice and in research, of evaluating stress in children with chronic conditions.

Question 32

Briefly outline the structure of the type of psychological intervention that has been most effective in improving adherence to complex treatment regimens in children.

Question 33

Outline the methods, as well as the challenges, of measuring pediatric pain.

Question 34

Outline the approaches used to minimize procedure-related pain in children.

Question 35

Briefly explain how pediatric palliative care is different from adult care.

Question 36

Explain why, despite their low prevalence, hearing problems among children are a serious concern.

Question 37

Outline the unique challenges facing pediatric psychology.

Question 38

Describe and discuss the use of novel technologies to assist children with chronic conditions.

Question 39

Describe common feeding issues with children, how these issues can have serious negative long-term outcomes, and how they can be addressed.

Question 40

Discuss some creative approaches to maintaining pediatric treatment adherence.