Deck 5: Chemistry of Bonding: Structure and Function of Drug Molecules

Question 1

Why is platinum commonly used in electrochemistry?

A)Because it is a good conductor
B)Because it carries current well
C)Because it is generally inert
D)Because it reacts easily

Answer 1

C

Question 2

What is mitosis?

A)The process of triggering cancer
B)A function for plant cells dividing
C)A function for animal cells replicating
D)The process of plant and animal cells replicating

Answer 2

D

Question 3

For what is Louis Pasteur famous?

A)The rabies vaccine
B)The pasteurization process
C)Both of the above.
D)Neither of the above.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

How does an immunoassay function?

A)By having a small molecule fit into a larger one
B)By having a small molecule deform as it is fitted into a larger one
C)By having a large molecule fit into a smaller one
D)By having a large molecule deform as it is fitted into a smaller one

Question 5

Why do covalent bonds form between two atoms?

A)Because the polarity difference between the two is large enough for one atom to strip an electron from the other
B)Because the polarity difference between the two is not large enough for one atom to strip an electron from the other
C)Because the electronegativity difference between the two is large enough for one atom to strip an electron from the other
D)Because the electronegativity difference between the two is not large enough for one atom to strip an electron from the other

Question 6

Which of the following is a tenet of valence bond theory?

A)Electrons must not be shared.
B)Orbitals must overlap.
C)Orbitals must not overlap.
D)Electrons must remain localized.

Question 7

When p orbitals overlap to form a single bond, what part of the orbital must be overlapped?

A)The end
B)The side
C)The middle
D)Both ends

Question 8

Molecular interactions depend only upon size interactions.

Question 9

What must interact for a covalent bond to form?

A)Two or more protons
B)Two or more electrons
C)Two electrons
D)None of the above.

Question 10

The term "valence" refers to an outer, bonding electron.

Question 11

What do the Lewis structures of all the alkali metals have in common?

A)A complete sub-shell of electrons
B)One outer electron
C)Two outer electrons
D)Three outer electrons

Question 12

How does Lewis theory explain the loss or gain of electrons in an ionic bond?

A)Atoms are attempting to gain electrons.
B)Atoms are attempting to lose electrons.
C)Atoms are attempting to share valence electrons.
D)Atoms are attempting to achieve a noble gas electron configuration.

Question 13

What do the valence shells of all the noble gas elements have in common?

A)A large size for its row on the periodic table
B)A high ability to lose electrons
C)All have eight electrons
D)A high affinity for further electrons

Question 14

What is the octet rule?

A)Elements form bonds to become isoelectronic with the noble gases.
B)Elements form bonds to avoid becoming isoelectronic with the noble gases.
C)Elements do not form bonds to become isoelectronic with the noble gases.
D)Elements do not form bonds to avoid becoming isoelectronic with the noble gases.

Question 15

The octet rule is quite different from the "rule of eight."

Question 16

Which is the correct Lewis dot structure for He?

A)He:
B)H:
C)He^.
D)H^.

Question 17

What is the proper Lewis dot structure for Ca?

A)Ca:
B)^.Ca^.
C)^.Ca
D)Ca

Question 18

The correct Lewis dot structure for potassium is what?

A)^.K^.
B)^.K
C)^.Pt
D)^.Pt^.

Question 19

What is the correct Lewis dot structure for Se?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 20

Which is the correct Lewis dot structure for chlorine?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 21

When calcium and chlorine react, they form an ionic compound. What is its Lewis dot structure?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 22

How many electrons are in the Lewis dot structure of O and S?

A)3
B)4
C)5
D)6

Question 23

How many valence electrons are in the Lewis dot structures of B, Si, and As?

A)3
B)4
C)5
D)None of the above.

Question 24

Lewis structures with single lines indicate what kind of bonding?

A)Covalent, 2-electron bonding
B)Ionic, 2-electron bonding
C)Covalent, 4-electron bonding
D)Ionic, 4-electron bonding

Question 25

What is the correct Lewis structure for ethyne, C₂H₂, also known by the common name acetylene?

A)H-H-C-C
B)H-C-C-H
C)H-C=C-H
D)H-C≡C-H

Question 26

The simplest covalently bonded molecule is hydrogen. Which is the correct Lewis structure?

A)H₂
B)H^.H
C)H == H
D)H - H

Question 27

Which is the best Lewis structure for methane?

A)
B)
C)
D)None of the above.

Question 28

Which is the best representation of a water molecule?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 29

How is ethane best represented by a Lewis structure?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 30

Phosphine, PH₃, is structurally much like ammonia. Which of the following is the best Lewis structure of phosphine?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 31

Hydrogen sulfide is considered the "rotten egg" gas, and has a structure much like water. Which of the following is its Lewis structure?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 32

What is wrong with the Lewis structure: He=He?

A)Helium does not bond to another helium.
B)Helium only forms a single bond to a second helium.
C)Helium needs more electrons to form the bond.
D)Nothing, the bonding is correct?

Question 33

What does the double line, which looks much like an equals sign, represent in Lewis structures?

A)A 2-electron single bond
B)A 4-electron double bond
C)A 2-electron double bond
D)A 4-electron single bond

Question 34

Which of the following choices is the best Lewis structure for ammonia?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 35

Propane, C₃H₈, is best represented by which condensed Lewis structure?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 36

Boron trifluoride, BF₃, is a corrosive material with a Lewis structure that shows boron to be two electrons short of a full octet. Which is the correct structure for BF₃?

A)
B)
C)
D)None of the above.

Question 37

What is the correct Lewis structure for methyl chloride, CH₃Cl?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 38

Bromine in the gaseous state is Br₂ and has a simple Lewis structure. What type of bonding will it have?

A)A double, ionic bond
B)A single, ionic bond
C)A double, covalent bond
D)A single, covalent bond

Question 39

What is wrong with this Lewis structure for gaseous hydrogen chloride: H - Cl?

A)The lone pair electrons of hydrogen are not shown here.
B)There are lone pair electrons on the chlorine which are not shown here.
C)The bond between the two atoms should be a double bond.
D)Nothing, the structure is correct.

Question 40

Draw for yourself the Lewis structure of ethene, C₂H₄, also called ethylene. How many double bonds does it have?

A)None
B)1
C)2
D)3

Question 41

Which is the name of the following compound?

A)Chloromethane
B)Dichloromethane
C)Chloroethane
D)Dichloroethane

Question 42

After drawing the Lewis structure for the molecule ethyne, C₂H₂, also known by the common name acetylene, answer this: How many double bonds does it contain?

A)None
B)1
C)2
D)3

Question 43

After drawing the correct Lewis structure for methanol, CH₄O, answer this: how many single bonds does it possess?

A)2
B)3
C)4
D)5

Question 44

What is the best structural representation of formaldehyde, CH₂O?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 45

Any Lewis structure that has two lines in the same bond must contain what type of bond?

A)A single bond
B)A double bond
C)A triple bond
D)None of the above.

Question 46

How many single bonds are in the molecule NH₃?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4

Question 47

What kind of bond connects the carbon atom and oxygen atom in carbon monoxide?

A)A single bond
B)A double bond
C)A triple bond
D)Two single bonds

Question 48

All covalent bonds involve the loss and gain of electrons.

Question 49

Draw the cyclic, organic molecule benzene, C₆H₆. How many resonance structures can exist for it?

A)2
B)1
C)3
D)None

Question 50

Which of the following represent the best structure for SO₂?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 51

Draw the Lewis structure of ozone, O₃; then ; then answer: how many resonance structures does it have?

A) None
B) 1
C) 2
D) 3

Question 52

Which of the following would be correct structure for the nitrite ion, NO₂^- ?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 53

How many resonance structures can be drawn for methane?

A)2
B)3
C)4
D)None of the above

Question 54

What does valence shell electron pair repulsion theory help determine?

A)Atomic geometry
B)Molecular geometry
C)Molecular size
D)Atomic size

Question 55

What is the shape of the water molecule?

A)Trigonal, planar
B)Planar, linear
C)Planar, bent
D)Trigonal, bent

Question 56

What is the geometry of the very simple molecule, carbon monoxide?

A)Linear
B)Bent, planar
C)Square planar
D)Horizontal

Question 57

What shape does the ammonia molecule have?

A)Trigonal planar
B)Square planar
C)Trigonal pyramidal
D)Square pyramidal

Question 58

Any molecule that has a central atom with no lone pairs, and four other, equivalent atoms connected to it, has what shape?

A)Square
B)Triangular
C)Tetrahedral
D)Flat

Question 59

The four atoms of acetylene, C₂H₂, known more formally as ethyne, have what molecular shape?

A)Tetrahedral
B)Square
C)Bent
D)Linear

Question 60

After drawing the Lewis structure for phosphine, PH₃, which should be structurally similar to ammonia, what shape should the molecule have?

A)A tetrahedron
B)A triangular pyramid
C)A square plane
D)A square pyramid

Question 61

What shape should the molecule SF₄ have?

A)A "saw horse" shape
B)Tetrahedron
C)Trigonal planar
D)Cubic

Question 62

How many regions of electron density surround an atom that is the center of an octahedron?

A)8
B)4
C)6
D)12

Question 63

Knowing the molecule BCl₃ has only three covalent bonds to the boron atom, and no electron lone pair on the boron atom, what shape does the molecule have?

A)Trigonal pyramidal
B)Trigonal planar
C)Tetrahedral
D)Linear

Question 64

What does molecular polarity affect?

A)Solvent interaction
B)Melting point and boiling point
C)Both of the above.
D)None of the above.

Question 65

As you move from the top to the bottom of the periodic table, what happens to the electronegativity of the elements?

A)It increases.
B)It decreases.
C)Nothing, it remains relatively equal.
D)More information is needed to tell.

Question 66

What trend do the noble gases display in relation to electronegativity?

A)Electronegativity decreases as one goes down the noble gas column.
B)Electronegativity increases as one goes down the noble gas column.
C)The noble gases are all considered to have zero electronegativity.
D)For this column, there is no trend in electronegativity differences.

Question 67

How is the S-H bond categorized?

A)Polar covalent
B)Nonpolar covalent
C)Covalent
D)Ionic

Question 68

What best describes the Cl-Cl bond?

A)Nonpolar
B)Covalent
C)Polar covalent
D)Ionic

Question 69

How is the N-Br bond described?

A)Pure covalent
B)Polar covalent
C)Nonpolar covalent
D)Ionic

Question 70

What is the electronegativity difference in the C-O bond?

A)1.0
B)2.5
C)3.5
D)0

Question 71

How great is the electronegativity difference in the average C-F bond?

A)0.5
B)1.0
C)1.5
D)2.0

Question 72

Many organic compounds have numerous C-H bonds. What is the average difference in electronegativity in one of them?

A)4.5
B)2.5
C)2.1
D)0.4

Question 73

What is the electronegativity difference in one of the H-Se bonds of H₂Se?

A)2.4
B)2.1
C)0.4
D)0.3

Question 74

How can you describe the molecule CO₂ in terms of polarity?

A)A polar molecule made from polar covalent bonds
B)A non-polar molecule made from polar covalent bonds
C)A non-polar molecule made from nonpolar covalent bonds
D)A polar molecule made from nonpolar covalent bonds

Question 75

In terms of polarity, what best describes the molecule NH₃?

A)A non-polar molecule composed of polar covalent bonds
B)A polar molecule composed of nonpolar covalent bonds
C)A polar molecule composed of polar covalent bonds
D)A non-polar molecule composed of nonpolar covalent bonds

Question 76

How is the polarity of the molecule carbon monoxide best described?

A)A polar molecule made from a polar covalent bond
B)A non-polar molecule made from a polar covalent bond
C)A polar molecule made from a nonpolar covalent bond
D)None of the above.

Question 77

The methane molecule can best be described in what manner, when referring to polarity?

A)A nonpolar molecule made from polar covalent bonds
B)A nonpolar molecule made from non-polar covalent bonds
C)A polar molecule made from non-polar covalent bonds
D)A polar molecule made from polar covalent bonds

Question 78

Of the following solvents: ethanol, water, hexane, which is the most polar?

A)Ethanol
B)Hexane
C)Water
D)They are all of roughly equal polarity.

Question 79

Which of the following is the most polar: benzene, hexane, toluene?

A)Toluene
B)Benzene
C)Hexane
D)None of the above. They are all of equal polarity.

Question 80

The alkane solvents are quite soluble in water.