Deck 3: Understanding Atoms

Question 1

Why is carbon dioxide in the atmosphere a greenhouse gas?

A)It prevents energy and heat from the sun from entering the Earth's atmosphere.
B)It permits too much energy to enter the Earth's atmosphere.
C)It allows energy to escape the atmosphere.
D)It absorbs and traps energy in the Earth's atmosphere.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The term "atom" comes from an ancient word "atomos," which comes from what ancient society?

A)Persia
B)Rome
C)Phoenicia
D)Greece

Answer 2

D

Question 3

What did the ancient, Greek philosophers not have to prove their theories of continuous matter or atomic matter?

A)Rational arguments
B)The actual, observable properties of matter
C)Any experimental evidence beyond what they could see
D)A theistic or atheistic model from which to draw conclusions

Answer 3

C

Question 4

According to Leucippus, what existed in spaces where there were no atoms?

A)Air
B)Water
C)Sunlight
D)Vacuum

Question 5

Who is considered the discoverer of the Law of Conservation of Mass?

A)Lavoisier
B)Gassendi
C)Dalton
D)Newton

Question 6

What did Lavoisier find was always produced when he heated mercury (II) oxide in a sealed system?

A)Oxygen
B)Oxides
C)Mercury
D)Mercury and oxygen

Question 7

What is the mass of the missing material in the following equation?
_____ g carbonic acid → 22.0 g CO₂ + 9.0 g H₂O

A)13.0 g
B)29.0 g
C)31.0 g
D)62.0 g

Question 8

One of the first proponents of the atomic theory was:

A)Socrates.
B)Aristotle.
C)Sophocles.
D)Democritus.

Question 9

According to the ancient, Greek philosophers who believed in atoms, how were they categorized?

A)By sizes, proton counts, and aromas
B)By weights, aromas, and taste
C)By various sizes, weights, and shapes
D)By various sizes, weights, and aromas

Question 10

The continuous model of matter, postulated by Aristotle, believed in what as the smallest material?

A)Nothing was; matter should be able to be divided over and over.
B)The atom, where matter can no longer be divided.
C)The vacuum, where matter stopped existing.
D)The proton, the smallest piece of matter.

Question 11

Of the following, who is the only modern scientist?

A)Socrates
B)Thomaford
C)Democritus
D)Dalton

Question 12

The law of conservation of mass states:

A)mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction, but merely changes state.
B)mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction, but merely changes form.
C)mass is created or destroyed in a chemical reaction, while changing form.
D)mass and energy are neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction, but merely changes form.

Question 13

Why does mass appear to be lost in a reaction involving burning in an open system?

A)Matter escapes as a gas.
B)Matter as ashes is smaller than the starting material.
C)Matter is made less dense in the burning process.
D)Burning causes the loss of matter.

Question 14

When Lavoisier heated mercury (II) oxide, what were his products?

A)Mercury gas and oxygen liquid
B)Mercury oxide and oxygen gas
C)Mercury gas and oxygen gas
D)Mercury liquid and oxygen gas

Question 15

In a reaction in which 54.0 g of HgO is heated, liberating 43.0 g of mercury, how much oxygen must also have been produced?

A)97.0 g
B)1.2 g
C)11.0 g
D)0.8 g

Question 16

When 24 g of methane gas (CH₄) is combined with 16 g of oxygen gas, if 15 g of water is collected and the only other product is carbon dioxide, how much carbon dioxide must have been released?

A)30 g
B)2.0 g
C)40 g
D)15 g

Question 17

The law of definite proportions states that a compound or mixture is always composed of the same relative masses of its elements.

Question 18

According to Dalton's Atomic Theory, how do atoms combine?

A)Randomly
B)With high energy
C)In any ratio
D)In whole number ratios

Question 19

Dalton's Atomic Theory states that all atoms of a given element are what?

A)Identical
B)Stable
C)Of the same mass
D)Of the same charge

Question 20

The observation that all samples of tin always appear to be a metal is an example of what idea within Dalton's atomic theory?

A)All matter is made up of tiny particles called atoms.
B)All atoms of a given element are identical.
C)Atoms combine in simple, whole number ratios.
D)Atoms are neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction.

Question 21

The compounds NO and NO₂ represent which of the postulates of Dalton's atomic theory?

A)All atoms of a given element are equal.
B)Atoms combine in simple, whole number ratios to form compounds.
C)Matter is made up of tiny, indivisible particles.
D)Atoms cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction.

Question 22

If 8.0 g of hydrofluoric acid reacts with 16.0 g of sodium hydroxide, producing 16.8 g of sodium fluoride, how much water is also produced?

A)16.0 g
B)24.0 g
C)7.2 g
D)0.8 g

Question 23

How much carbon dioxide is needed to react with 4.0 g of sodium hydroxide to produce 8.4 g of sodium hydrogen carbonate as a product?

A)4.4 g
B)12.4 g
C)0.4 g
D)4.0 g

Question 24

The two compounds SO₂ and SO₃ are both made only from oxygen and sulfur, but represent an example of which of Dalton's Laws?

A)The law of conservation of mass
B)The law of multiple proportions
C)The atomic theory
D)The law of conservation of charge

Question 25

Dalton's law of multiple proportions states that when two or more elements combine in different ratios, different compounds are formed.

Question 26

A compound is made up of two or more elements.

Question 27

Rutherford's gold foil experiment proved what about matter?

A)That it is continuous
B)That it has regions of dense, positive, and dense, negative charge
C)That it has regions of dense, positive charge
D)Nothing, really

Question 28

What does the symbol e^- represent?

A)Proton
B)Neutron
C)Element
D)Electron

Question 29

Boron has how many protons?

A)2
B)3
C)4
D)5

Question 30

Atoms of Ca contain how many protons?

A)19
B)40
C)20
D)41

Question 31

Uranium metal, made only of uranium atoms, has how many protons in each atom?

A)90
B)238
C)235
D)92

Question 32

The isotope of cobalt with the symbol ${ }_{27}^{59} \mathrm{Co}$ has how many electrons?

A)33
B)32
C)59
D)27

Question 33

An atom of Fe contains how many electrons?

A)25
B)26
C)55
D)56

Question 34

How many electrons are in atoms of Co?

A)27
B)28
C)58
D)59

Question 35

Atoms of U all contain how many electrons?

A)91
B)92
C)238
D)146

Question 36

Neutral atoms of potassium all have how many electrons?

A)19
B)20
C)39
D)40

Question 37

How many neutrons does uranium-235 contain?

A)92
B)140
C)143
D)235

Question 38

The element Fe, as an isotope iron-56, contains how many neutrons?

A)26
B)29
C)30
D)56

Question 39

The isotope of iron with the symbol ${ }_{26}^{56} \mathrm{Fe}$ has how many electrons?

A)26
B)25
C)56
D)55

Question 40

The isotope ${ }_{7}^{14} \mathrm{~N}$ has how many electrons?

A)13
B)14
C)6
D)7

Question 41

How many electrons are in the isotope of germanium with the symbol ${ }_{32}^{72} \mathrm{~Ge}$ ?

A)40
B)32
C)72
D)104

Question 42

The isotope of cobalt with the symbol ${ }_{27}^{59} \mathrm{Co}$ has how many neutrons?

A)27
B)32
C)59
D)86

Question 43

The isotope of carbon with the symbol ${ }_{6}^{13} \mathrm{C}$ has how many neutrons?

A)6
B)7
C)13
D)1

Question 44

${ }_{20}^{40} \mathrm{Ca}$ contains how many neutrons?

A)20
B)40
C)60
D)None of the above.

Question 45

How many protons are in ${ }_{23}^{11} \mathrm{~V}$ ?

A)74
B)28
C)51
D)23

Question 46

The isotope of osmium with the symbol ${ }_{75}^{190} \mathrm{~Os}$ has how many protons?

A)75
B)190
C)115
D)None of the above.

Question 47

The isotope of oxygen with the symbol ${ }_{8}^{16} \mathrm{O}$ has how many electrons?

A)8
B)16
C)24
D)9

Question 48

How are two samples of an element referred to when they possess differing numbers of neutrons?

A)As isotopes
B)As allotropes
C)As ions
D)None of the above. They are different elements if the samples have differing numbers of neutrons.

Question 49

The atomic mass number is indicated by what letter?

A)A
B)M
C)p
D)p+n

Question 50

All isotopes of hydrogen have what in common?

A)Atomic size
B)Molecular formula
C)Atomic mass
D)The atomic number

Question 51

What element contains 15 neutrons and 14 protons?

A)Phosphorus
B)Silicon
C)Copper
D)Zinc

Question 52

How many protons are in zinc-65?

A)33
B)30
C)36
D)66

Question 53

When an element has Z=10 and 10 neutrons, what element and isotope are present?

A) ${ }_{10}^{21} \mathrm{Ne}$
B) ${ }_{10}^{20} \mathrm{Ne}$
C) ${ }_{20}^{10} \mathrm{Ca}$
D) ${ }_{10}^{10} \mathrm{Ca}$

Question 54

What element and isotope has Z= 43 and 56 neutrons?

A) ${ }_{43}^{ 56} \mathrm{Tc}$
B) ${ }_{43}^{ 99} \mathrm{Tc}$
C) ${ }_{43}^{ 96} \mathrm{Tc}$
D) ${ }_{13}^{ 56} \mathrm{Tc}$

Question 55

When an element has 12 neutrons and a Z=12, what element and isotope are present?

A) ${ }_{12}^{24} \mathrm{Mg}$
B) ${ }_{12}^{12} \mathrm{Mg}$
C) ${ }_{24}^{24} \mathrm{Mg}$
D) ${ }_{24}^{24} \mathrm{Cr}$

Question 56

An element has Z=38 and 50 neutrons, what element and isotope is it?

A) ${ }_{38}^{50} \mathrm{Sr}$
B) ${ }_{38}^{88} \mathrm{Sr}$
C) ${ }_{50}^{38} \mathrm{Sr}$
D) ${ }_{50}^{88} \mathrm{Sr}$

Question 57

When an element has Z=26 and 29 neutrons, what element and isotope is this?

A) ${ }_{29}^{26} \mathrm{Cu}$
B) ${ }_{29}^{55} \mathrm{Cu}$
C) ${ }_{26}^{29} \mathrm{Fe}$
D) ${ }_{26}^{55} \mathrm{Fe}$

Question 58

A material uniformly containing 30 protons and 36 neutrons is what isotope and element?

A) ${ }_{66}^{30} \mathrm{Zn}$
B) ${ }_{30}^{36} \mathrm{Zn}$
C) ${ }_{30}^{66} \mathrm{Zn}$
D) ${ }_{36}^{66} \mathrm{Zn}$

Question 59

When an element has Z=15 and 15 neutrons, what element and isotope are present?

A) ${ }_{15}^{30} \mathrm{p}$
B) ${ }_{15}^{31} \mathrm{P}$
C) ${ }_{15}^{15} \mathrm{P}$
D) ${ }_{30}^{15} \mathrm{P}$

Question 60

An isotope with 22 neutrons and 18 protons is what?

A) ${ }_{18}^{42} \mathrm{Ar}$
B) ${ }_{18}^{22} \mathrm{Ar}$
C) ${ }_{18}^{40} \mathrm{Ar}$
D) ${ }_{22}^{18} \mathrm{Ar}$

Question 61

When an element has Z=31 and 39 neutrons, what element and isotope is it?

A) ${ }_{70}^{31} \mathrm{Ga}$
B) ${ }_{70}^{31} \mathrm{Yb}$
C) ${ }_{31}^{70} \mathrm{Ga}$
D) ${ }_{31}^{70} \mathrm{Yb}$

Question 62

What isotope has 2 neutrons and 2 protons?

A) ${ }_{4}^{2} \mathrm{Be}$
B) ${ }_{2}^{4} \mathrm{Be}$
C) ${ }_{4}^{2} \mathrm{He}$
D) ${ }_{2}^{4} \mathrm{He}$

Question 63

When an element has Z=1 and no neutrons, what element and isotope is this?

A) ${ }_{0}^{1} \mathrm{H}$
B) ${ }_{1}^{1} \mathrm{H}$
C) ${ }_{1}^{0} \mathrm{H}$
D) ${ }_{1}^{2} \mathrm{H}$

Question 64

Magnesium most likely has which isotope in the highest percentage?

A)Magnesium-23
B)Magnesium-24
C)Magnesium-25
D)Magnesium-26

Question 65

If the atomic mass of boron is 10.81, which isotope of boron is most likely the major one?

A)11
B)10
C)12
D)9

Question 66

Which isotope of iron is the predominant one?

A)55
B)56
C)57
D)58

Question 67

Bromine is mostly two isotopes, neither of which is bromine-80. Which is the predominant one?

A)82
B)81
C)79
D)78

Question 68

Which isotope of neon is the major one?

A)20
B)21
C)22
D)23

Question 69

Technetium is a synthetic element. Which isotope is its major one?

A)97
B)98
C)99
D)Not enough information to tell

Question 70

What colors of light appear in a continuous spectrum?

A)Red wavelengths
B)Blue wavelengths
C)All wavelengths
D)Orange-yellow wavelengths

Question 71

What is the ground state of an atom?

A)The state in which all electrons are in the lowest possible energy level
B)The state in which electrons have been promoted to the lowest possible energy level
C)The state in which multiple electrons are located in one of two levels
D)The state in which all electrons are in their highest possible energy level

Question 72

An electron in an excited state has not absorbed energy.

Question 73

What is a photon?

A)Excess energy absorbed by a proton
B)Excess energy emitted from a neutron
C)Excess energy absorbed by an electron
D)Excess energy emitted from an electron

Question 74

An electron that has been pushed into a higher energy level is said to be in what state?

A)An excited state
B)An exited state
C)The ground state
D)The photonic state

Question 75

What evidence exists that electrons are found in quantized energy levels?

A)Line spectra of all the primary colors
B)Line spectra with a limited number of lines of color
C)Continuous wave spectra from photons
D)There is no evidence for this.

Question 76

The speed of light is equal to the product of what two factors that are related to spectral emissions?

A)Periodicity and sound
B)Sound and wavelength
C)Frequency and sound
D)Frequency and wavelength

Question 77

What is the wavelength of light with a frequency of 1.5 × 10⁶ /s?

A)0.5 × 10² m
B)2.0 × 10² m
C)2.0 × 10¹⁴ m
D)0.5 × 10¹⁴ m

Question 78

If light has a frequency of 6 × 10⁴ /s, what is its wavelength?

A)2.0 × 10⁴ m
B)0.50 × 10¹² m
C)0.50 × 10⁴ m
D)2.0 × 10¹² m

Question 79

What is the frequency of light with a wavelength of 9 × 10⁴ m?

A)0.33 × 10⁴ /s
B)3.0 × 10⁴ /s
C)0.33 × 10⁸ /s
D)3.0 × 10⁸ /s

Question 80

Light with a wavelength of 1.5 × 10² m has what frequency?

A)2.0 × 10⁶ /s
B)0.50 × 10⁶ /s
C)2.0 × 10¹⁰ /s
D)0.50 × 10¹⁰ /s