Deck 13: Islam

Question 1

What does the following Key Term mean:
-Allah

Answer 1

God, the same deity worshipped by Christians and Jews.

Question 2

What does the following Key Term mean:
-caliph

Answer 2

A supreme Muslim leader who has both religious and secular authority.

Question 3

What does the following Key Term mean:
-caliphate

Answer 3

The state governed by a caliph

Question 4

What does the following Key Term mean:
-hadith

Question 5

What does the following Key Term mean:
-hajj

Question 6

What does the following Key Term mean:
-Muhammad

Question 7

What does the following Key Term mean:
-Quran

Question 8

What does the following Key Term mean:
-Shi'a

Question 9

What does the following Key Term mean:
-Sufism

Question 10

What does the following Key Term mean:
-Sunni

Question 11

What does the following Key Term mean:
-sura

Question 12

Most of the world's Muslims live in ________, which is home to nearly a billion adherents.

A) the Americas
B) the Middle East
C) the Asia-Pacific region
D) Eastern Europe

Question 13

When did Islam emerge in the Arabian Peninsula?

A) third century CE
B) second century BCE
C) seventh century BCE
D) seventh century CE

Question 14

At age forty Muhammad retreated to a cave near ________ to pray and meditate on the one true God.

A) Israel
B) Mecca
C) Medina
D) Palestine

Question 15

Who revealed the verses of the Quran to Muhammad?

A) the angel Gabriel
B) Jesus
C) Allah
D) the angel Michael

Question 16

Muhammad and the Muslims moved north to Yathrib in a famous migration referred to as the ________.

A) Return
B) Exodus
C) Hijra
D) Haj

Question 17

A Muslim leader called a ________ religious, political, and military authority.

A) sunni
B) haji
C) caliph
D) oman

Question 18

Which of these best describes the reason Islam is divided into two distinct denominations?

A) After the death of Muhammad his followers disagreed on how to choose his successor.
B) There were disagreements about which practices should be considered orthodox.
C) After the death of Muhammad there were two locations with high populations of Muslims.
D) Something similar to the Protestant Reformation occurred in the sixteenth century.

Question 19

Which of these is not a country where the Sunni predominate?

A) Saudi Arabia
B) Jordan
C) Egypt
D) Iraq

Question 20

________ strive for a "vision of union and oneness" with God, a mystical revelation informed by the Quran and Muslim tradition.

A) Sufis
B) Shi'as
C) Sunnis
D) Caliphs

Question 21

By age sixteen, the Muslim philosopher Ibn Sina was a practicing physician, and by age twenty he had published an ________.

A) autobiography
B) encyclopedia
C) Arabic dictionary
D) English translation of the Quran

Question 22

Ibn Sina developed a sophisticated cosmological argumenor the existence of God, one that ________ would use two hundred years later.

A) Aristotelian philosophers
B) Thomas Moore
C) Maimonides
D) Thomas Aquinas

Question 23

Which of these best describes the Five Pillars of Islam?

A) declarations of faith
B) practices that unite Muslims in a worldwide community
C) the rituals of the Haj
D) the sacred texts that make up Muhammad's revelations

Question 24

The prayers called ________ include recitation of verses of the Quran accompanied by specific movements and postures.

A) zakat
B) Shahadah
C) Sawn
D) Salat

Question 25

The ________ is the essential Declaration of Faith for all Muslims.

A) zakat
B) Shahadah
C) Sawn
D) Salat

Question 26

Called ________, able-bodied Muslims fast in the daytime during Ramadan, abstaining from food, drink, smoking, and sex. It is a time of reflection on Allah and religious obligations.

A) zakat
B) Shahadah
C) Sawn
D) Salat

Question 27

Muslims who are healthy enough and prosperous enough to travel to ________ are required to perform the hajj at least once in a lifetime.

A) Medina
B) Mecca
C) Israel
D) Palestine

Question 28

________ means to strive or to struggle, and it refers to the inner struggle of a good Muslim to become a better person or to serve the Muslim community.

A) Islam
B) Sawn
C) Haji
D) Jihad

Question 29

God spoke to Muhammad in ________, so only a Quran written in this language is thought to be the true word of God; translations into other languages may be useful but are merely interpretations.

A) Arabic
B) Egyptian
C) Farsi
D) Hebrew

Question 30

Which of these best describes the hadith?

A) translations of the Quran
B) chapters written by Muhammad's followers
C) the chapters of the Quran
D) the words, deeds, or silent approval of Muhammad

Question 31

How do most Muslims today regard the hadith?

A) fables to learn from
B) authentic and authoritative
C) merely interpretations
D) heresy

Question 32

________ is a form of Islam that seeks powerful personal experiences of God.

A) Sufism
B) Sunni
C) Shi'ite
D) Salat

Question 33

During "the Night Journey" an angel transported Muhammad to the temple in ________ and then into heaven.

A) Medina
B) Palestine
C) Jerusalem
D) Mecca

Question 34

Which of these was not one of Muhammad's firsour successors, whom all Sunnis find acceptable?

A) Abu Bakr
B) Uthman
C) Mehmed
D) Ali

Question 35

Rabi'a Al-Adawiyya taught that the sole motivation for worshipping God should be ________, not what might happen in the afterlife.

A) bettering the self
B) fear
C) love
D) enlightenment

Question 36

The Quran and the hadith are sources for a large part of Islamic law, called ________.

A) shari'a
B) hajj
C) zakat
D) sawn

Question 37

While teaching Islamic law, Al-Ghazali experienced a spiritual crisis that eventually led him into _________ studies.

A) Shari'a
B) Sufi
C) Sunni
D) Shi'i

Question 38

Sura 2, also called _________, gives instructions on performing the five practices required of all Muslims and on observing particular laws, mostly those that concern marital issues.

A) the Pillars
B) the Cloud
C) the Cow
D) the Law

Question 39

According to John Esposito, "The struggle of Islam today is between competing voices and visions, between a dangerous and deadly ________ and the vast majority of mainstream Muslims."

A) minority
B) calling
C) hadith
D) rituals

Question 40

Only one ________ is actually named in the Quran, but a large number of verses refer to them.

A) angel
B) child
C) woman
D) follower

Question 41

________ heard passages of the Quran from the Prophet himself, ordered a full written copy to be prepared, and corrected the scribe.

A) Aisha
B) Umm Waraqa
C) Hafsa
D) Salama

Question 42

Within the framework of the ________ message of Islam, classical Muslim scholars tried to protect women from undue violence from men.

A) mystical
B) mythical
C) ethical
D) ritual

Question 43

Which of these religions was not active in the Middle East during Muhammad's life?

A) Zoroastrianism
B) Judaism
C) Christianity
D) Hinduism

Question 44

One of the Prophet's female companions, _________, collected and recited the Quran and may have assisted Umar in assembling the text.

A) Aisha
B) Umm Waraqa
C) Hafsa
D) Salama

Question 45

What does mushrik translate to?

A) polytheist
B) animism
C) translator
D) monotheist

Question 46

The foundation of Islam is belief in ________.

A) Muhammad
B) Allah
C) paradise
D) Gabriel

Question 47

What do Muslims call Jews and Christians?

A) the people of the book
B) sinners
C) Muslims
D) ancestors

Question 48

Who was Muhammad's first wife?

A) Khadija
B) Keisha
C) Maya
D) Hafsa

Question 49

Over the course of how many years did Muhammad receive revelations?

A) five
B) ten
C) twenty-three
D) seven

Question 50

After 630, Muslims took ________, and Islam quickly became the dominant political and religious power throughout most of Arabia.

A) Mecca
B) Jerusalem
C) Persian
D) Medina

Question 51

Which of these is not part of the first of the Five Pillars of Islam?

A) the oneness of Allah
B) the need for jihad
C) repudiation of idolatry
D) acquiescence to God's will

Question 52

Charitable giving is required of Muslims. The amount of the gift is set at ________ of a person's net worth annually, collected by religious or government officials.

A) 2.5 percent
B) 10 percent
C) 4 percent
D) 1.5 percent

Question 53

The Quran contains _________ chapters.

A) 5
B) 203
C) 505
D) 114

Question 54

What is the Night Journey?

A) when the first Muslims migrated to Medina
B) when Aisha led Muslims to battle
C) when Muhammad traveled to Jerusalem, ascended to heaven, and came into the presence of God
D) none of the above

Question 55

Who became the first leader of the Muslim community after the death of Muhammad?

A) Ali
B) Uthman
C) Abu Bakr
D) Khadija

Question 56

During the month of Ramadan, Muslims are required to fasrom dawn to dusk, which means they

A) abstain from food and drink.
B) abstain from food, drink, and sex.
C) abstain from eating meat.
D) abstain from rich and flavorful foods.

Question 57

When Muhammad began preaching in Mecca

A) people readily accepted his message.
B) his message was similar to existing religious beliefs like polytheism.
C) he faced opposition from people who were powerful in the community.
D) he founded the first Islamic university.

Question 58

Ali was

A) the son-in-law of Muhammad.
B) thought by some to be the rightful successor to Muhammad.
C) Muhammad's cousin.
D) all of the above

Question 59

Which of these is an essential aspect of Islamic belief?

A) the oneness of God
B) the belief in sorcery
C) the divinity of Muhammad
D) the transmigration of the soul

Question 60

According to the Quran, Muhammad

A) was God's chosen son.
B) received the Quran directly from Gabriel.
C) chose his successor before his death.
D) all of the above

Question 61

The hadith is considered by Muslims to be

A) more important than the Quran.
B) the law as revealed through the Biblical prophets.
C) Muhammad's lived example of faith.
D) a collection of fables and myths.

Question 62

Islam is the world's second largest religion.

Question 63

The country with the largest Muslim population is Iran.

Question 64

For Muslims, Allah's final word to humankind is preserved in the Muslim holy scriptures, the Quran.

Question 65

The social and religious environment into which Muhammad was born included polytheism, idol worship, longstanding tribal values, and ideas brought by commercial traders.

Question 66

Muslims are the spiritual heirs of Abraham, just as Christians and Jews are.

Question 67

When Muhammad began to preach his message to the Meccans, many rejected it as contrary to the prevailing polytheism.

Question 68

Before his death, Muhammad collected the Quran into one volume.

Question 69

The Shi'a comprise 10-15 percent of all Muslims, the Sufi, 85-90 percent.

Question 70

Today, most Shi'a live in Palestine.

Question 71

The Muslim philosopher Ibn Sina developed a systematic and comprehensive logic-that is, a view of the fundamental nature of reality.

Question 72

Ibn Rushd was an eminent Islamic philosopher who wrote commentaries on Aristotle and defended philosophy as a Quran-sanctioned method to reflect on Allah's design.

Question 73

The salat can be performed only during the last ten days of the lunar month of Dhu'l-Hijja.

Question 74

"Jihad" is not associated with the words "holy war" anywhere in the Quran.

Question 75

Muslims consider the Quran to be God's words dictated directly to Muhammad.

Question 76

Some scholars claim that there were from the beginning several variant readings of the Quran.

Question 77

The hadith were written down before Muhammad's death.

Question 78

A caliphate is a state governed by a caliph.

Question 79

Shi'a Muslims believe that the divine authority of Muhammad was passed to his legitimate hereditary successors, beginning with Ali.

Question 80

Rabi'a Al-Adawiyya was a woman mystic in the Sunni tradition and a beloved saint in Islam.