Deck 11: Societal Responses to Deviance

Question 1

A social contract can be summarized as ______.

A) a written agreement to act based on the laws
B) giving up some freedom to benefit from community rules
C) exchanging most civil rights and civil liberties for safety
D) accepting that the government has absolute authority to make laws

Answer 1

B

Question 2

According to the text, two types of social controls exist in society: ______.

A) formal and informal
B) positive and negative
C) legal and social
D) judicial and extrajudicial

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Police arresting a criminal reflects ______ social control.

A) informal
B) positive
C) negative
D) formal

Answer 3

D

Question 4

______ refers to the process of behavior previously defined as deviant becoming defined as sickness.

A) Medicalization
B) Constructivism
C) Objectivism
D) Deconstructivism

Question 5

Which researchers used a Seattle case study to examine how often individuals, mostly poor or homeless, are arrested and prohibited from entering areas associated with drug dealing and prostitution?

A) Hirschi and Gottfredson
B) Beckett and Herbert
C) Sutherland and Cressey
D) Sampson and Laub

Question 6

Joseph is in kindergarten. He frequently picks his nose. When he does, his friends laugh at him and scream "Gross!" His mother ignores his behavior because she thinks he will grow out of it. Which part of this example reflects informal social control?

A) his friends laughing at him
B) his mother ignoring him
C) Joseph picking his nose
D) Joseph being in kindergarten

Question 7

Which theorist identified the five pains of imprisonment?

A) Goffman
B) Beckett
C) Herbert
D) Sykes

Question 8

______ consequences refers to how incarceration affects communities and families beyond the institution.

A) Primary
B) Secondary
C) Collateral
D) Stigmatic

Question 9

One formal control of deviant behavior involves ______, in which individuals-often poor or homeless-may be arrested and then subsequently prohibited from entering or occupying certain areas.

A) diversion
B) banishment
C) reification
D) disenfranchisement

Question 10

Mental illness, hyperactivity in children, and alcoholism are all examples of behavior that were formerly defined as deviant but were then ______, meaning that now doctors are primarily responsible for responding to the behavior.

A) criminalized
B) institutionalized
C) medicalized
D) marginalized

Question 11

Drapetomania was a mental illness diagnosed in enslaved people who repeatedly attempted to escape slavery. This diagnosis is no longer recognized as valid within the medical community. This is an example of ______.

A) total institutionalization
B) informal social controls
C) medicalization
D) demedicalization

Question 12

What did Michelle Alexander call "the new Jim Crow?"

A) juvenile delinquency
B) mass incarceration
C) the Black Lives Matter movement
D) deinstitutionalization

Question 13

What do prisons, mental hospitals, and juvenile detention centers all have in common?

A) They are all total institutions.
B) They are all part of "the new Jim Crow."
C) They are all avenues for medicalization.
D) They are all forms of informal social control.

Question 14

Which of the following statements about total institutions is accurate?

A) Entrance into a total institution medicalizes criminal behavior.
B) Some total institutions are entered into voluntarily.
C) Most total institutions are easy to leave.
D) There are very few total institutions still in operation today.

Question 15

Which of the following is a purpose of criminal sanctions identified by Hagan?

A) retribution
B) family separation
C) shaming
D) validating laws

Question 16

Punishing criminals serves the function of ______; when an offender is caught and sanctioned, the boundaries of the community are clearly tested, set, and reaffirmed.

A) restitution
B) incapacitation
C) individual/specific deterrence
D) moral affirmation/symbolism

Question 17

What is the primary purpose of prisons, according to the text?

A) general deterrence
B) incapacitation
C) rehabilitation
D) moral affirmation

Question 18

When reviewing the pains of imprisonment, the deprivation of ______ is found in the way that every significant movement an inmate makes is controlled by others; inmates must abide by others' decisions and submit to those decisions with enforced respect and deference.

A) liberty
B) security
C) autonomy
D) goods and services

Question 19

"The worst thing about prison is you have to live with other prisoners" is a statement that summarizes the deprivation of ______, which is one of the pains of imprisonment.

A) goods and services
B) heterosexual relationships
C) security
D) liberty

Question 20

Felon disenfranchisement is a form of ______.

A) civil death
B) medicalization
C) informal social control
D) mass incarceration

Question 21

Once a behavior becomes medicalized, it is no longer frowned upon.

Question 22

Some states in the United States ban felons from voting, even after their release from prison.

Question 23

Total institutions are places in which most daily activities are conducted as a group, tightly scheduled, prearranged, and monitored in order to maintain social control.

Question 24

In "secondary prisonization," women are subjected to marginalization and their own pains of imprisonment because of their extended contact with the correctional facility when visiting their incarcerated friends and relatives.

Question 25

Latin American prisons are generally considered to set a golden standard in terms of creating and maintaining humane prisons that work to rehabilitate offenders.

Question 26

Informal social controls can include hospitalization in a mental ward.

Question 27

Prisons in Latin America tend to be characterized by mass overcrowding, filthy conditions, and the presence of powerful prison gangs.

Question 28

One prison innovation is the pay-to-stay model, allowing nonviolent offenders without gang affiliation the opportunity to rent a cell in a smaller, quieter facility.

Question 29

Pager (2003; 2007) published research that suggests a white applicant with a criminal record is more likely to receive a call-back for a job opportunity than a black applicant without any criminal background.

Question 30

Involuntary civil commitment of sexual predators, whereby sex offenders can be held indefinitely, even after completing their criminal justice sentences, is legally allowed in all fifty U.S. states.

Question 31

Select a behavior that was defined as deviant in the past and is now defined as sickness. Discuss the change over time in what we call those who engage in this behavior, who responds to this behavior, how we respond to this behavior, and how we view the personal responsibility of those who engage in this behavior.

Question 32

Summarize the purpose of criminal sanctions as identified by Hagan.

Question 33

Describe Sykes' five central pains of imprisonment from his study Society of Captives.

Question 34

Compare and contrast debtor's prisons and "pay-to-stay" prisons.

Question 35

Compare and contrast the prison system in the United States with the prison system in Norway. Could the United States create prisons based on the Norway prison system? Explain.