Deck 10: Critical Theories of Deviance

Question 1

A theorist using ______ theories would primarily focus on processes that lead to the criminalization of the most marginalized and oppressed individuals in a society.

A) anomie
B) critical
C) pathological
D) labeling

Answer 1

B

Question 2

______ theoretical orientation argues patriarchy and capitalism are oppressive forces for women and labels of deviancy are used to control women.

A) Conflict
B) Marxist
C) Feminist
D) Labeling

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Richard Quinney, a founding theorist in ______ criminology, works to provide a holistic understanding of deviance, crime, criminology, and criminologists.

A) peacemaking
B) conflict
C) feminist
D) Marxist

Answer 3

A

Question 4

What do all critical theories have in common?

A) They all assume that the patriarchy is the source of most inequality.
B) None of them were developed by white male researchers.
C) They all show a clear awareness of the impact the Internet has on society.
D) They all examine deviance by questioning the normative and status quo.

Question 5

______ theory is the most recently developed critical theory discussed in the chapter.

A) Socialist feminist
B) Critical race
C) Radical feminist
D) Peacemaking

Question 6

______ theories seek to improve laws by examining discrimination, racial inequality, and structural processes that reproduce white supremacy.

A) Fascist
B) Peacekeeping
C) Socialist feminist
D) Critical race

Question 7

In what discipline did Critical Race Theory first take shape?

A) black feminist scholarship
B) African American Studies
C) sociology
D) legal studies

Question 8

Critical race theories argue that racial ______ is routine, embedded, and accepted as legally and morally legitimate.

A) blindness
B) domination
C) sensitivity
D) language

Question 9

When Stacey first learned about critical theories, she noticed they were very similar to ______ theories because of their shared focus on how inequality influences society and how people relate to one another.

A) interactionist
B) functionalist
C) conflict
D) subcultural

Question 10

The feminist perspective was the first to acknowledge the position of women in a male-dominated society and the ______.

A) way women facilitate male deviance
B) biological influence on female deviance
C) pathological nature of femininity
D) structural oppression that women experience

Question 11

Which branch of feminism focuses on gender role socialization?

A) radical
B) liberal
C) socialist
D) postmodern

Question 12

Zahra considers herself a ______ feminist because her primary perspective is that both patriarchy and capitalism are oppressive forces for women.

A) radical
B) liberal
C) socialist
D) postmodern

Question 13

What is unique about approaching homelessness through the lens of peacemaking criminology?

A) It accepts treatment of the homeless that is warlike and inhumane
B) It characterizes the homeless as immoral and more likely to be dangerous.
C) It suggest the homeless are to blame for their homelessness
D) It encourages us to approach homelessness from a place of kindness

Question 14

Which term describes the idea that to truly understand the social experience of someone, you have to consider the ways in which he, she, or they experience race, class, gender, age, sexuality, and ability?

A) multiculturalism
B) intersectionality
C) feminism
D) contextualization

Question 15

Which perspective argues that the law is used to subordinate people of color?

A) critical race theory
B) postmodern feminism
C) peacemaking theory
D) radical feminism

Question 16

What is a primary idea behind Critical Race Theory?

A) The war on crime is a war on those without resources.
B) The law labels women deviant for many behaviors they engage in to survive.
C) Racial domination is at the center of much of today's legal and decision-making.
D) The ways that people experience race, class, gender, and sexuality are dysfunctional.

Question 17

What is unique about peacekeeping criminology when compared to other critical theories?

A) It acknowledges the central role of social constructionism in creating power.
B) It focuses primarily on intersectionality.
C) It emphasizes the impact of socialization into a dysfunctional culture.
D) It critically examines criminology and criminologists.

Question 18

What is one way that the "war" on crime is evidenced in traditional criminology?

A) the admission that there is only one way to achieve victory over crime
B) advocating punishment as the primary means to stop crime
C) suggesting that criminals are no different from the rest of society
D) using military language, such as "collateral damage"

Question 19

According to Quinney, the us-versus-them philosophy that suggests that those who engage in crime are somehow different from the rest of society has resulted in ______.

A) increased suffering
B) lower crime victimization
C) higher incarceration rates
D) more criminals

Question 20

What are the three primary branches of peacemaking criminology?

A) objective, subjective, and constructionist
B) cultural, normative, and reactionist
C) religious, feminist, and critical
D) liberal, radical, and socialist

Question 21

One of the main critiques of critical theories is that they do not see the world the way other theories see the world.

Question 22

Restorative justice focuses on retribution for the harm caused.

Question 23

Human trafficking can include, but does not require, movement.

Question 24

Many human trafficking victims initially go with their captors willingly because of promises of a better job or an escape from a hard life.

Question 25

In critical theories, deviance is defined as behavior that differs from the behavior of whites, men, and the middle and upper classes.

Question 26

Feminist criminology suggests that patriarchal society considers the abuse of women as one of the most deviant possible acts.

Question 27

A radical feminist would focus on the sexual control of women, seeing their oppression as emerging from a social order dominated by men.

Question 28

A religiously oriented peacemaking criminologist would advocate for a way of meeting those who might engage in harm not as enemies but as members of the community who need understanding.

Question 29

Feminist criminology has little interest in the politics, economics, and civil society.

Question 30

Feminist scholars argue that sexual assault is not committed against men.

Question 31

Compare and contrast the three areas of peacemaking criminology and how they approach the study of crime and criminals.

Question 32

What are some criticisms of critical theories?

Question 33

Critically assess the impact of feminism on our understanding of crime and criminal justice.

Question 34

Summarize the idea of restorative justice.

Question 35

Consider the three critical approaches to crime and deviance discussed in the text, feminist criminology, Critical Race Theory, and peacemaking criminology. Which do you prefer? Explain why in three to five sentences.